名词noun.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,名 词,目录,一 名词概述,二 名词的分类,三 名词的数,四 名词的格,五 名词的用法,一 名词概述,名词的概念：用来表示各种各样的人和事物名称的词就是名词,名词的范围包括：人称、具体事物、抽象事物、时间、地点、方向等,二 名词的分类,专有名词：,姓名，国家，语言，月份，星期，节日，大学等,个体名词,可数名词,普通名词,(,有单复数之分,),集体名词,物质名词：,自然物质，食品,，饮料等,不可数名词,（没有复数形式）,抽象名词：,情感，学科，概念等,普通名词：一类东西或者一个抽象概念名词,个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：,student,集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：,family,。,物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：,air,。,抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：,work,peace,。,注意：,1,）普通名词前一般要加,a,或者,an,或者,the,例如：,a book the key,2),专有名词的第一个字母一般大写，前面加,the,且,the,首字母不大写,例如：,the USA the UN,3,）人名前若有尊称或者头衔，第一字母大写,例如：,Chairman Xi,4,）集体名词作主语时，谓语只能用单数,例如：,Class one is the No.1 in the sports game,5,）可数名词有数的概念，单数名词前一般加,a/an,；复数名词词尾一般加,-s/-es,例如：,an egg a box of eggs,6,）专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词一般属于不可数名词,液体物质：,water oil soup,小颗粒物：,dust sand,自然现象：,light snow wind,抽象概念：,thought importance,消息、建议：,advice news information,事物总称：,clothing jewelry,有些不可数名词在一定的上下文也可以用作可,数名词，但往往意思也发生变化,不可数,可数,iron,铁,an iron,一个熨斗,rubber,橡胶,a rubber,一块橡皮,glass,玻璃,two glasses,两玻璃杯,room,空间,a room,一个房间,一些专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词变复数后词义发生变化,sand,沙子,sands,沙滩,cloth,布,clothes,衣服,arm,胳膊,arms,武器,paper,纸张,papers,文件，论文,三 名词的数,（一）可数名词的数,1,名词变复数的,规则变化,：,（,1,）一般在词尾加,-s,清辅音后读,/s/(cup);,浊辅音后读,/z/(day),（,2,）以,-s,-x,-sh,-ch,结尾的加,-es,读,/iz/,例如：,(boxes buses dishes watches),（,3,）以,-y,结尾的：辅音字母加,y,结尾，改,y,为,i,再加,-es,，如：,baby city country,元音字母加,y,结尾，直接加,-s,，如,boy toy,（,4,）部分以,f,或,fe,结尾的词：把,f,、,fe,改为,v,，再加,-es,（,半片树叶自己黄，妻子拿刀去杀狼，架后小偷逃命忙,）,half leaf self wife knife wolf shelf thief life,leaf,wolf,wol,ves,lea,ves,knife,kni,ves,2,名词变复数的,不规则变化,：,（,1,）变内部元音（,oo-ee;a-e,）,man-men tooth-teeth foot-feet,（,2,）词尾加,-en,或,-ren,（,3,）单、复数词形相同的词,.,如：,(,人在中国日本和瑞士，喜欢绵羊鹿和鱼,),Chinese Japanese Swiss sheep deer fish,（,4,）汉语音译词如度量衡、币制等单位的名词无复数形式，但要用斜体,（,5,）表示,“,某国人,”,的名词，单复数变化情况：,单复数形式相同；变词尾的,man,为,men,；词尾加,-s(walkman,German,human),（,6,）以,o,结尾的词：加,-es;,加,-s,（,黑人,(Negro),英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿,）,（,广播录像动物园，钢琴袋鼠,(kangaroo),照相片,）,要点考点聚焦,找规律,tomato,es,potato,es,hero,es,NOUN.,negro,es,（,7,）外来词的复数变化：,datum-data,数据,basis-bases,基础,（,8,）复合名词的复数变化,主要词变复数,:passer-by -passers-by,father-in-law-fathers-in-law,前后两词都变复数,:man teacher-men teachers,(,二,),不可数名词的数,1,不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，没有词形变化，只能借助数词和量词来表示一定的数量，这类词主要为抽象名词和物质名词。,（注：可数与不可数是一个语法概念）,2,表示方法：,“,数词或冠词,+,量词（单数或复数）,+of+,不可数名词,”,a bottle of,juice,a glass of,orange,two boxes of,milk,不可数名词,NOUN.,3,）物质名词在某些情况下可以变为可数名词，有复数形,（一）当物质名词转换为个体名词时,例如：,Cake is a kind of food,These cakes are delecious,（二）当物质名词表示物质种类时,例如：,The factory produces steel,We need various steels,（三）当物质名词表示份数时,例如：,Our country is famous for tea,Two teas,please,4,）抽象名词在一些固定词组中可用作可数名词,例如：,take a walk catch a cold,5,）可数名词和不可数名词表示复数时，用于修饰他们表示数量的词也不能乱用，有些只能修饰可数名词；有些只能修饰不可数名词；还有一些都可以修饰,修饰可数名词,修饰不可数名词,many,much,很多,few,little,很少,a few,a little,一些,somesome,一些,plenty of,plenty of,许多,A lot of/lots of,A lot of/lots of,许多,THANK YOU,SUCCESS,2025/1/14 周二,19,可编辑,注意,1,）,People,是集体名词，但当民族讲时可以用复数,Peoples,2,）以复数形式出现的书名,剧名报纸杂志名也视为单数,例如：,The Arabian is a very interesting story-book,一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书,3,）表示由两部分构成的东西，若表示具体数目，要借用数量词,pair,与众不同,NOUN.,scissors,shoespants,glasses,chopsticks,Fish,作鱼讲时单复数同形可数；,This is a fish,作鱼肉讲时，不可数,;,Eg:There is not much fish on the plate,作各种鱼类讲时后面必须加,-es,构成复数,Eg:He raises a lot of fish in the pool,名词所有格,表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：,（,1,）表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加,s,。,如：,Childerns Day,(,儿童节,),my sisters book,(,我姐姐的书,),（,2,）以s,或,es,结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。,如：,Teachers Day,(,教师节,),（,3,）如果两个名词并列并且都加,s,则表示分别有；只有,s,一个则表示共有,例如：,John,s,and Mary,s room,John,and Mary,s room,（,4,）复数名词和短语，加在最后一个词的词尾,例如：,a month or two,s,leave,（,5,）有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加,s,.,如：,todays,newspaper,(,今天的,报纸,),ten minutes,break,(,十分钟的,课间休息,),Chinas,population,(,中国的,人口,),.,（,6,）无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词,of,短语来表示所有关系。,如：,a fine daughter of the Party,(,党的好女儿,),.,名词所有格所修饰的词的省略,1,）在某些句子中，名词所有格所修饰的词，往往可以省略,Johns bike is better than Mikes.,2,）表示店铺、住家、公共建筑时，名词所有格后可省略名词,the doctors Mr.Blacks,3,）,the+,姓氏复数，表示“一家人”,the Smiths,史密斯一家,;,4,）年份前面加,the,后面加,-s,表示年代，,例如,20,世纪,80,年代，,the 1980s,双重所有格,:a friend of my sisters=one of my sisters friend,a picture of Mr.Li(s),五 名词的用法,1,作主语,(,句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体，人或事,),The students are playing football now.,2,作表语（放在系动词后表示主语的身份或特征）,She is an English teacher.,3,作宾语，包括及物动词和介词的宾语（表示及物动词动作的对象）,We are studying maths now.,He often reads the newspaper before supper.,4,作定语，主要修饰它后面的名词（限定或修饰名词、代词）,This is a grammar book.,This is a bicycle factory.,注：名词作定语时，除了,man,woman,用复数形式外，其他都不用复数形式，例如：,a shoe shop,an apple tree,表示复数形式，,two shoe shops,apple trees.,5,作状语，主要用来表示时间、距离、长度、重量、程度、方式或价格等。可以单独作状语，也可以是名词词组作状语 （修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示时间、地点、状态、程度等含义）,The film lasted an hour.The box weighs 20 kilograms.I go to school every day.,6,作同位语,We students must study hard.,指点迷津,Ten years _(is,are)short time for me.,A pair of shoes _(is,are)under the bed.,The number of the students in our school _(is,are)2,000.,The woman with two children _(is,are)coming here.,Neither he nor I _(are,am)an American.,is,is,is,is,am,NOUN.,指点迷津,6.Maths _(are,is)hard to learn for the boy.,7.They are all _(woman,teachers;women teachers).,8.The population of China _(are,is)over 1,300,000,000.,9.There are many _(peoples,people)in the street in summer.,10.One of the students _(have,has)gone to Shanghai.,is,is,women teachers,people,has,NOUN.,1.Several _ are talking under the tree,And they are_.,A,woman;children B,woman;child C,women;children,2.How far is your school from here,？,Not very far,Its about twenty,walk.,A,minutes B,minutes C,minutes,3.There are three,in my family.,A.people B.person C.child,4.Most students can go to college for further,in our city.,A.education B.information C.science,5.This is,bedroom.The twin sister like it very much.,A.Ann and Jane B.Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes,典型例题解析,C,C,A,A,B,NOUN.,典型例题解析,The Browns,is,going to visit China.),The Browns,are,going to visit China.(,),The young,is,dancing there.(),The young,are,dancing there.,(),Physics,are,very difficult to learn.(),Physics,is,very difficult to learn.,(),We have five,Germen,in this meeting.(),We have five,Germans,in this meeting.,(),This is one of the English-Chinese,dictionary,.(),This is one of the English-Chinese,dictionaries,.,(),NOUN.,(,)1.Please give me _ paper.A.one B.a piece C.a D.a piece of(,)2.This table is made of_.A.many glass B.some glasses C.glasses D.glass()3.,Bill runs fast,.,He won the _ 800-metre race yesterday,.,A,boys B,boys C,boy D,boys.(,)4.Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.A.Germans B.Germen C.Germany D.Germanies(,)5.In the picture there are many_ and two_.A.sheeps;foxes B.sheeps;foxes,C.sheep;foxes D.sheep;foxs,课时训练,D,D,B,A,C,选择填空：,NOUN.,()6.This is not my cap,but my _.,A.brothersB.brothersC.brothersD.brother,()7.They write most of their_ in English.,A.business letter B.business letters,C.businesses D.businesses letters,B,B,NOUN.,()8._are_for cutting things.A.Knife,used B.Knives,using,C.Knife,using D.Knives,used,(,)9.John bought_for himself yesterday.A.two pairs of shoes B.two pair of shoeC.two pair of shoes D.two pairs shoes,()10.Excuse me,where is the_?A.mens room B.mens room,C.mens rooms D.men rooms,D,A,A,根据所给单词的正确形式填空：,1.Different people may have different _.(idea),2.I often go to work on,.(foot),3.I know one of the,.(boy),4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of,.(glass),5.Please give them their,.(photo),6.Are there any,in the box?(watch),7.There are twelve,in a year.(month),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,months,NOUN.,8.Would you like some,?(tomato),9.Look at those,in the boats!(people),10.Look!The,are singing.(woman),11.September 10th is,Day.(teacher),12.Jim has some,.(knife),13.How much are these,?(vegetable),14.My school is twenty _ walk from here.(minute),15.The girl under the tree is a friend of,_,.(Lucy),Lucys,minutes,vegetables,tomatoes,people,women,Teachers,knives,小结,:,1,、名词的数的变化，以及不可数名词作主 语时的谓语。,2,、名词所有格的运用，双重所有格。,3,、名词的句法功能。,4,、名词的词型的变化。,THANK YOU,SUCCESS,2025/1/14 周二,38,可编辑,