历年高级口译翻译考题与答案.doc

历年高级口译考题翻译部分精解第一套英译中Since Darwin, biologists have been-firmly convinced that nature works without plan or meaning, pursuing no aim by the direct road of design. But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error. Why should evolution, exactly as Darwin knew it and described it, be planless and irrational? Do not aircraft design engineers work, at precisely that point where specific calculations and plans give out, according to the same principle of evolution, when they test the serviceability of a great number of statistically determined forms in the wind tunnel, in order to choose the one that functions best? Can we say that there is no process of natural selection when nuclear physicists, through thousands of computer operations, try to find out which materials, in which combinations and with what structural form, are best suited to the building of an atomic reactor? They also practise no designed adaptation, but work by the principle of selection. But it would never occur to anyone to call their method planless and irrational.中译英1995年10月，黄浦江上又一座大桥凌空飞架，将浦南与奉贤连接起来，成为继徐浦、南浦、杨浦三座大桥之后建成通车的第四座大桥奉浦大桥。奉浦大桥是首座由地方筹资兴建的黄浦江大桥，奉贤县与市区有关部门和企业共同集资4.46亿元，仅用1年零7个月的时间即胜利建成。大桥的建成解决了长期困扰奉贤与浦南地区的过江问题，同时还改善了该地区的投资环境，为杭州湾北岸的开发、建设打下了良好的基础。金秋10月的黄浦江畔，徐浦、南浦、杨捕、奉浦四座大桥沐浴着金秋阳光，各显神姿，交相辉映，为上海这座充满生机与魅力的国际大都市增添了更加夺目的风采。不久的将来，上海还将建造更多的过江设施，把浦江两岸更紧密地连结在一起。第二套英译中A commonplace criticism of American culture is its excessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit. Americans, it is alleged, worship only the almighty dollar. We scramble to keep up with the Joneses. The love affair between Americans and their automobiles has been a continuing subject of derisive commentary by both foreign and domestic critics. Americans are said to live by a quantitative ethic. Bigger is better, whether in bombs or sedans. The classical virtues of grace, harmony, and economy of both means and ends are lost on most Americans. As a result, we are said to be swallowing up the worlds supply of natural resources, which are irreplaceable. Americans constitute 6 percent of the worlds population but consume over a third of the worlds energy. These are now familiar complaints. Indeed, in some respects Americans may believe the pursuit of happiness to mean the pursuit of material things.中译英太湖明珠无锡，位于江苏省南部，地处美丽富饶的长江三角洲中心地带。这里气候宜人，物产丰富，风景优美，是中国重点风景旅游城市。与万里长城齐名的古京杭大运河纵贯市区,泛舟河上，能领略水乡的民俗风情。距市区七公里的太湖梅粱景区是太湖风景之精华，碧波万顷，渔帆点点，湖光山色令人陶醉。其中的鼋头渚巨石状如鼋头，远眺烟波浩渺的太湖，被诗人郭沫若誉为“太湖佳绝处”。第三套英译中The three sacred words “duty”, “honor” and “country” reverently dictate what you should be, what you can be, and what you will be. They urge you to build courage when courage seems to fail, to regain faith when there seems to be little cause for faith, to create hope when hope becomes abandoned. I am convinced that these words teach you to be proud and unbending in honest failure, but humble and gentle in success; not to substitute words for action; not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the stress of difficulty and challenge; to learn to stand up in the storm, but to have compassion on those who fall; to have a heart that is clean, a goal that is high; to learn to laugh, yet never forget how to weep, to reach into the future, yet never neglect the past; to be serious, yet never take yourself too seriously; to be modest so that you will remember the simplicity of true greatness, the open mind of true wisdom, the meekness of true strength. In short, these words teach you to be both a militant fighter and a gentleman.中译英在一个极为漫长的历史阶段中，人类只能通过音乐表演和口授来传播音乐。当人类发明了乐谱后，音乐便开始脱离表演而演变成“文字”得以记录和传播。然而，人类音乐传播的真正革命性里程碑的建立者无疑是科学家们。他们创造了令人叹为观止的音乐传播手段，从最早的机械“留声机”到今天五花八门的“电子媒体”。在20世纪诸多的音乐传播手段中，无线电广播的发明和发展对音乐的传播起了极为重要的作用。然而，高科技的高速发展也使我国广播音乐工作者在新世纪中面临着严峻的挑战。第四套英译中What a noble medium the English language is. It is not possible to write a page without experiencing positive pleasure at the richness and variety, the flexibility and the profoundness of our mother-tongue. If an English writer cannot say what he has to, say in English, and in simple English, it is probably not worth saying. What a pity that English is not more generally studied, I am not going to attack classical education. No one who has the slightest pretension to literary tastes can be insensible to its attraction. But I confess our present educational system excites in my mind grave misgivings, which I cannot believe is the best or even reasonable, a system that thrusts upon reluctant and uncomprehending multitudes treasures which can only be appreciated by the privileged and gifted few. To the vast majority of children who attend our public schools; classical education is from beginning to end long, useless and meaningless. If I am told that classical subjects are the best preparation for the study of English, I reply that by far this preparatory stage is incomplete and without deriving any of the benefits which are promised as its result.中译英我国政府强化了对外贸的控管，强化了商会这类中介机构的服务与协调功能。我们希望继续加强外贸体制的改革，使之逐渐走向竞争；并受到诸如关税、汇率和利率等法律和经济手段的制约。所有这些都应有助于加速中国外贸的国际化进程，为宏观经贸局面的形成创造一个较好的环境，通过促进商贸业、制造业、农业、技术产业和银行之间更为密切的合作，我们能够为国际市场提供更多、更好的出口产品。在这种情况下，中国自然会成为一个大市场。第五套英译中A major source of anxiety about the future of the family is rooted not so much in reality as in the tension between the idealized expectation in the culture and the reality itself. Nostalgia for a lost family tradition, which, in fact, never existed, has prejudiced our understanding of the conditions of families in contemporary society. Thus, the current .anxiety over the fate of the family reflects not only problems in the family but also a variety of fears about other social problems that are eventually projected onto the family.The real problem facing American families today are not symptoms of breakdown as is often suggested; rather, they reflect the difficulties of adaptation to recent social changes, particularly to the loss of diversity in household membership, to the reduction of the variety of family functions and, to some extent, to the weakening of the family adaptability. The idealization of the family as a refuge from the world and the myth that the work of mothers is harmful has added considerable strain. The continuous emphasis on the family as a universal private retreat and as an emotional haven is misguided in light of historical experience.中译英十月的上海，阳光明媚，秋高气爽，来自35个国家和地区的1300余名比赛选手参加了在沪举行的本世纪最后一届世界中学生运动会。世界各国青少年在沪逗留的时间虽然短暂，但上海的风貌和中国的传统文化仍然给他们留下了深刻的印象。无论是参观矗立于浦江之畔的东方明珠电视塔，还是游览静卧一隅的城隍庙，他们都能感受到传统与现代的美妙结合。博大精深的中国传统文化让这些外国朋友感受到的是神秘和新奇，这种认知来自短暂的接触，但从此之后，他们不会忘记；有这样一个民族，生活在世界的东方。第六套英译中Japans once enviable jobless rate will soar to double-digit levels ifand the warning is a big onefirms opt for drastic Western-style layoffs to boost profits. While Japans life-time employment system is visibly unravelling, many economists still doubt whether a scenario of soaring joblessness will occur, given that economic incentives to slash payrolls clash with social and political pressures to save jobs. A kinder, gentler approach to restructuring would soften the social instability many fear would result from doubling the jobless rate, already at a record high.Critics believe it would also cap gains in profit margins and stifle economic vitality, especially in the absence of bold steps to open the door to new growth, industries. Some economists believe different methods of counting mean Japans jobless rate is already close to 7 per cent by United States standards, not that far from the 7.8 per cent peak hit in the US in 1992 when it began to emerge from a two-year slump.中译英黄浦江纵横南北，把上海分为两部分。浦东因位于黄浦江以东而得名。本世纪2030年代，随着以外滩为核心的金融、商贸区的建立，外商和我国民族资本事开始把经济活动伸向浦东地区。但黄浦江的阻隔，极大地影响了浦东的经济发展。浦江两岸形成了一边，是万商云集的十里洋场，一边是以自然农作物为主的大片农田的鲜明对照。自1990年中央宣布开放浦东以来，浦东新区的建设日新月异，突飞猛进。高楼大厦如雨后春笋，拔地而起，田园风光和现代建筑交相辉映，浦东正以崭新的面貌跨人新世纪。第七套英译中The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army. Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us only the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission. We have, therefore, to resolve to conquer or to die.Our own, our countrys honor, calls upon us for a vigorous and manly exertion; and if we now shamefully fail, we shall become infamous to the whole world. Let us then rely on the goodness of our cause, and the aid of the Supreme Being, in whose hands victory is, to animate and encourage us to great and noble actions. The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have their blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them. Let us animate and encourage each other, and show the whole world that a free man contending for liberty on his own ground is superior to any slavish mercenary on earth.中译英祖国和平统一，乃千秋功业。台湾终必回归祖国，早日解决对各方有利。台湾同胞可安居乐业，两岸各族人民可解骨肉分离之痛，在台诸前辈及大陆去台人员亦可各得其所，且有利于亚太地区局势稳定和世界和平。当今国际风云变幻莫测，台湾上下众议纷纭。岁月不居，来日苦短，夜长梦多，时不我与。试为贵党计，如能依时顺势，负起历史责任，毅然和谈，达成国家统一，则两党长期共存，互相监督，共图振兴中华之大业。第八套英译中The biggest problem of the third industrial revolution is as easy to explain as it is difficult to solve. Technology is creating a global economy that is rapidly supplanting our old national economies. National governments cannot control this new economy, yet no one, least of all Americans, wants to create the form of global government that might be able to control it. As a result we were going to be living in a fundamentally unmanaged economic system. The difficulties of containing the 1997 Asian economic meltdown are just the first of many such difficulties we can expect.National governments, which used to worry about managing and maintaining their economic systems, are slowly being pushed out of business. Changes in global finance overwhelm all but the largest governments. Governments have lost much of their influence over the movement of information and capital. They cannot control who crosses their borders either physically or culturally.Conversely, the power of global businesses is growing with companies ability to move to the most advantageous locations and play countries off against one another in bidding for attractive investment projects.中译英知识和技术创新是人类经济、社会发展的重要动力源泉。中国将致力于建设国家创新体系，通过营造良好的环境，推进知识创新、技术创新和体制创新，这是中国实现跨世纪发展的必由之路。中国政府支持科学家在国家需求和科学前沿的结合上开展基础研究，尊重科学家独特的敏感和创造精神，鼓励他们进行“好奇心驱动的研究”。在未来50年甚至更长的时期里，中国的发展将在很大程度上依赖于今天基础研究和高技术研究的创新成就，依赖于这些研究所必然孕育的优秀人才。第九套英译中Consider the following statements, made by the same man eight years apart. Eventually, being poor wont be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills. That was Bill Gates talking in 1992. Way back then, the Microsoft chairmans image was that of a rather harsh, libertarian-leaning fellow who proudly declared his products alone would change the world. When asked what he would do with his billions, the boy wonder of Silicon Valley used to shrug off the question, saying his long workdays didnt leave time for charity. But now listen to the same Gatesor perhaps not quite the same Gatestalking in the fall of 2000: Whenever the computer industry has a panel about the digital divide and Im on the panel, I always think, OK, you want to send computers to Africa, what about food and electricity those computers arent going to be that valuable. The mothers are going to walk right up to that computer and say: My children are dying, what can you do?Yes, even Bill Gates, the iconic capitalist of our day, seems to have come around. The self-assured Gates of 1992 was obviously a man of his times, confident of his industrys ability to change the world, certain that the power of markets and new technology, once unleashed, would address most of the worlds ills. But the more skeptical Gates of the new millennium is someone who evinces a passion for giving and government aid. He shares a growing realization, even in the multibillionaire set, that something is amiss with the ideology that has prevailed since the end of the cold war: global-capitalism-as-panacea.中译英长期以来，科学同艺术之间的关系一直是剃头担子一头热：科学热恋着艺术，艺术却拒科学于千里之外。许多大科学家一生钟爱艺术，且懂艺术，从中汲取养料，善养浩然之气，或得到人生最大安慰。相反，能热爱并且理解自然科学和工程技术的文学艺术家真可谓凤毛麟角。艺术家对自然科学望而生畏，敬而远之,原因之一是里面有一大堆高深的数学公式。其实，撇开数学，绕过那一大堆公式，一门学科的基本思想还是可以被我们理解和欣赏的这恰如我们虽然看不懂莫扎特乐曲的总谱，却照样能同它的主旋律产生共鸣，击节称赞第十套英译中The most important fact in Washing tons failure on Thursday to be re-elected for the first time since 1947 to the U. N. Human Rights Commission is that it as America friends, not its enemies, that engineered the defeat. After all, China and Cuba and other targets of U.S.-led criticism in the committee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington; the shock came in the fact that the European and other Western nations that traditionally ensured U.S. Re-election turned their backs on Washington.Many traditional U.S. supporters clearly withdrew their vote to signal displeasure over U.S. unilateralism. They have been increasingly chagrined by Washingtons tendency to ignore the international consensus on issue ranging from the use of land mines to the Kyoto climate change treaty. They are also critical of what they see ass Washingtons tendency to publicise the issue of human rights, using annual resolutions at the committee to denounce China or Cuba hen that conforms to U.S. foreign policy objectives but for the same reason voting alone in defence of Israel when that country is in the dock over its conduct.中译英中国加入世界贸易组织的谈判已经进行了15年。中国的立场始终如一。加入世界贸易组织后，中国将有步骤地扩大商品和服务贸易领域的对外开放，为国内外企业创造公开、统一、平等竞争的条件，建立和健全符合国际经济通行规则、符合中国国情的对外经济贸易体制，为国外企业来华进行经贸合作提供更多、更稳定的市场准入机会。中国加入世界贸易组织，将为中国和亚洲以及世界各国各地区经济的发展注入新的活力，中国人民将从中受益，亚洲和世界各国人民也将从中受益。第十一套英译中The line of demarcation between the adult and the child world is drawn in many ways. For instance, many American parents may be totally divorced from the church, or entertain grave doubts about the existence of God, but they send their children to Sunday school and help them to pray. American parents struggle in a competitive world where sheer cunning and falsehood are often rewarded and respected, but they feed their children with nursery tales in which the morally good is pitted against the bad, and in the end the good inevitably is successful and the bad inevitably punished. When American parents are in serious domestic trouble, they maintain a front of sweetness and light before their children. Even if American parents suffer a major business or personal catastrophe, they feel obliged to turn to their children and say, “Honey, everything is going to be all right.” This American desire to keep the childrens world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident. Thus, in summary, American parents face a world of reality while many of their children live in a near-ideal unreal realm where the rules of the parental world do not app