英语写作辅导.doc

写作套路

议论文三要素
论点、论据、论证

考试类型有三类：

一、 表明观点型
直接表明观点
在两个观点中选择一个进行表达

二、 比较分析型
比较两个立场之后确定自己的立场

三、 原因/结果型
讨论某一现象的根源或者其后果

真题分析：

表明观点：
97/Explain the roles that scientists
play in society.

2002.3/With her entry into the WTO, China
is being plunged into an international
competition for talents, and in particular, for
higher level talents. To face this new challenge,
china must do something, among other things,
to reform her graduate (postgraduate)
education system. State your opinion about
this reform, and give the solid supporting
details to your viewpoint.

2003/10 My idea of professional ethics for
a scientist.

2001/科大 Write an article of about 300
words in which you explain the value of
education.

99/To what extent should university courses be
geared to the economic needs of the society?
Discuss.

2002/10 As a young scientist, which life would
you prefer to live: common or uncommon?
Why?

98/ In China more and more young couples
living in the city prefer to live a life without
children. Do you support this idea or not?
Please comment and state your viewpoint.

比较分析：

99/To what extent should university courses be
geared to the economic needs of the society?
Discuss.

2002/10 As a young scientist, which life would
you prefer to live: common or uncommon?
Why?

98/ In China more and more young couples
living in the city prefer to live a life without
children. Do you support this idea or not?
Please comment and state your viewpoint.

附加/The advantages and disadvantages
of internet

附加/The advantages and disadvantages
of cell phones

附加/The advantages and disadvantages
of college enrollment expansion

原因/结果：
99/What do you think the self detached
from the social and cultural context?

附加/What do you think of the tendency that
cities are becoming bigger and bigger.

附加/What do you think of the phenomenon
that raising pets is becoming more and more
popular in today’s society.

附加/What effects that popularity of
computer knowledge will bring about?

实例分析：

表明观点：

直接表明：
Is failure a bad thing
It is unlikely that one does not fail to do
something in his life because no one can
overcome the limitations in him. Sometimes
we cannot make an achievement though we
have worked hard, for we have no chance of
success. Therefore, failure is quite common in
life and career.

phone
The popularity of telephone makes more
and more people rarely write to their
families or friends, for a call seems able
to do everything. Since a phone is so direct
and convenient, why not make full use of it?

Work and play
“There are twenty-four hours in a day. Some
for work some for play.” This is the first poem
I have learned in English many years ago. I
can still remember it today, not only because it
is easy to recite but also because there is
something there. This is quite true because we
human beings, unlike machines, have flesh and
blood, soul and feelings. We cannot work all
the time without any form of play.

比较之后表明：

With the development of the living
standard, some Chinese families can afford a
private car. Yet opinions of the development of
private cars vary from person to person. Some
claim that there are many advantages in owning
a car, others strongly object to developing
private cars. In my opinion, a private car can
bring us a lot of conveniences.

With the development of the living standard,
some Chinese families can afford a private car.
Yet opinions of the development of private
cars vary from person to person. Some claim
that there are many advantages in owning a
car, others strongly object to developing
private cars. In my opinion, there are many
good reasons against owning a car.

Recently, the issue of mercy killing has
been brought into focus. Some people hold
that everyone has the right to choose whether
he is going to die or not. Others, however, hold
that if mercy killing is legalized it is difficult to
tell the difference between mercy killing and
murder. As far as I am concerned, I am in
favor of the first/second view

Recently, the problem of a person’s
essential qualities has aroused public concern.
Some people believe that a person’s essential
qualities are inherited at birth. But others
hold that the circumstances in which a
person grows up are mainly responsible for
the type of person he later becomes. As for me,
I am on the first/second side of the argument.
The reasons are as follows.

Recently, the issue of scientists’ contribution
is a controversial one. Proponents hold that
science is the most important subject, so the
students who study scientific subjects should
be given more financial support by government
than those who study other subjects. However,
opponents hold that other subjects are as
important as science. As to me, the second
view is more preferable.

作业实例

In recent years, the topic of whether college
and university education should be free for
all students is heatedly debated in our society.
Some people argue that college students should
fully financed by the government. Others do
not agree. In my opinion, I would support
the former idea. The reasons are as follows.

Nowadays, college and university education
is not free in many countries. However,
with the development of modern society, it
should be free for all students, fully
financed by the government.

There is a general discussion nowadays
about the problem whether young people
should pursue immediate fame and
recognition or they should pursue
long-term, realistic goals. Different
people may have different views. For
me, I support the later opinion.

Nowadays, people become more and
more engrossed in seeking immediate
fame and recognition, while a great
inspiration or long-term goals are
not in their mind. Among them
are a lot of young people, which is
really a pity not only for themselves
but also for the whole society, because
of the negative effects it will bring
about.

Technology plays a very important role in
our life. It makes our life comfortable and
colorful. Necessary as it is, it is not always
a positive force in modern life.

In our modern society, technology is very
necessary. Through technology, our life
has been greatly improved. On the other
hand, technology is not always a positive
force in the daily life. Misusing technology
can been seen everywhere.

In recent years, with the rapid development
of industry and agriculture, technology has
played a significant role for the improvement
of our society. However, like everything else,
technology has both plus and minus sides.

比较分析：

涉及到某个事物的优缺点时
advantage/disadvantage
P10/Should students bring mobile phones
to school
P36/The internet---A two edged sword

The advantage and disadvantage of cell phone
Nowadays, with the rapid development of
society and technology, cell phones are playing
an increasingly significant part in our daily
life and work. They have become an important
tool for us to communicate with each other. I
cannot imagine what will happen if we suddenly
lose them. But merits and demerits usually exist
together.
Generally, the strong point can be listed as
follows. First, it is convenient to contact each
other by cell phones. Whenever it is and
wherever you are, you can communicate with
the person you want to talk to. If you want to
save money, you can also send the short messages
to achieve the same purpose. Secondly, thanks
to the cell phones, we do not have to look for
the phone boxes everywhere, thus, much time
can be saved. We do not need to worry whether
we can respond to our friends immediately.
But advantages usually go hand in hand
with disadvantages. For example, we sometimes
lose freedom and our leisure time because of
its ring will disturb us. Even worse, when we
use the cell phones, we cannot avoid being
exposed to the radiation from them. It is
harmful to our health for the frequent
exposition will cause brain cancer.
To conclude, whether favorable or
unfavorable, the trend that cell phones are
becoming more and more popular is
irreversible in at least a few decades
ahead. Therefore, steps should be taken
to reduce their weak points to a minimum.

原因/结果：

P12/Slaughter on the highway
P13/Educational gap between big cities and
backward regions
Cars
Nowadays, in many cities, roads are
crowded with cars. The trend has aroused
public concern. But why is it so? The answer

to this question involves three interrelated
factors.
Part of the explanation for this change is
the rapid economic development. More and
more companies and people need more cars
to meet their business requirement. Another
important factor is that the cars can provide
us with much comfort, safety and free
transportation. We can enjoy our life more
than before. Finally, more and more auto
companies spring up like mushrooms around
the world and cars roll out of car factories
every day.
In conclusion, these are some causes of
more cars in cities. There might be some more
underlying causes. But it can be understood
that the change cannot be stopped. Therefore,
we should make full use of the trend.
Nowadays, in many cities, roads are
crowded with cars. The trend has aroused
public concern, because it has brought about
several bad effects.
The effects that many cars have brought
about are disturbing. The immediate result
that many cars produce is air pollution. Cars
give off much exhaust and noise that are
harmful to out health. The next might be
reduction of land, and we have to build more
roads and parking lots for cars in already
crowded cities. You can find traffic jams
prevalent on your way to and from work.
In conclusion, these are some effects of
more cars in cities. There might be some more
unpredictable effects. But it can be understood
that the change cannot be stopped. Therefore,
efforts should be made to reduce its ill effects
to a minimum.

Mutual understanding between teachers and
Students
Nowadays, it is not uncommon to notice the
fact that there is a lack of understanding
between teachers and students. Teachers often
complain that the only child is spoilt and they
lack the qualities of diligence, while students’
outcry about some uninteresting classes is also
frequently heard. There exist some possible
reasons for the gap.
First, teachers may not know exactly what
interests students, and the content taught might
be out-of-date. Second, students, reluctant to
work hard and always pursuing something new,
expect short-cuts and are only too ready to
complain about the lecture. Thirdly, besides
teaching and learning, teachers and students
seldom find opportunities to have personal
communications with each other.
To shorten this gap, both sides should
make an effort. Teachers should keep abreast
of the latest development in their field so that
they always have something new in their
teaching. Students, on the other hand, ought to
bear in mind the proverb, “No pains, no gains.”
If they find something dull, it is time that they
themselves made it interesting through hard
work.

措施
How to eliminate fake diploma
It is reported that the flooding of fake
diplomas is becoming a serious problem
recently. When employers lay much emphasis
on their candidates’ education background,
different kinds of fake diplomas appear in
society. It is unfair that one fails to get his
job just because his rival has got a fake
diploma. To stop this phenomenon, we can
adopt many ways.
The chief way is that companies and universities
should have a close contact so that the fake
diplomas cannot play tricks. Another approach
is that the one who fabricates the fake diplomas
should be severely punished by law and totally
exposed through media. Finally, the one who
uses a fake diploma in finding jobs should be
disqualified from the job market for at least
three months. That may give a lesson to others.
These are not the only three measures we
can take. But it should be noted that we should
take strong actions to prohibit fake diplomas.

How to eliminate fake software
With the development of computer
industry, personal computers have entered
our life. With them, the fake software for
computers came onto the market. The fake
software manufactures draw a large profit that
should have been gained by the original software
developers. Now the government orders
repeatedly to crack down on pirates and
protect the copyright. Some drastic measures
should be adopted to avoid this thorny situation.
As the first step, the law concerned should
be laid down. Those who produce the fake
software should be heavily fined and their
fakes should be confiscated and then broken
into pieces. Also, the price should be adjusted.
The high price of the original makes customers
hesitate and draw back. On many occasions, a
customer will have to spend 10 percent of his
monthly salary on one disc. So the publisher
should cut the price to correspond with the
consumers’ purchasing power. If small profits
but quick turnover take effect, developers,
publishers and consumers can get mutual
benefits. Last but not least, consciousness
should be cultivated among consumers.
Everyone should be aware that software
represents the wisdom and the sweat of the
developer. The action of buying the fake is
equal to theft.
Each of the above three approaches is
effective and feasible. If we combine these
three ways, it will surely produce the great
power. It should be reminded that eliminating
fake software should not just be a topic.
Actions should be taken. The sooner, the
better.
议论文三要素：

论点、论据、论证

论证的方式：

introduction
body
conclusion

introduction
不要道歉
I am a college student and do not consider
myself an expert on the computer industry,
but I think that many computer companies
make false claims about just easy it is to learn
to use a computer.

不要抱怨
I could not come up with an interesting topic,
because I am not interested in it at all.

过于单调
It is well-known that Beijing is the capital
city of China.

定义标题
The title of this paper, “Graduate teaching
assistants,” indicates that it is concerned with
graduate teaching assistants who are teaching
in college while also pursuing their own
graduate work.

开个好头：
In recent years, with the reform of university
education, there are many disadvantages.
The reform of university education has many
disadvantages.

Sometimes I always hear that……

As a young man, he should have a vigorous,
energy and acute mind.
A young man should have a vigorous,
energet