初中英语语法讲解以及练习题.doc

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名词
专有: 人/事物/地点/机构 Tianjin France the Great Wall Chinese
普通: 一类人/事物 固有名称
个体: student table
物质: water air rain
抽象(动作, 状态, 品质): future help health
集合: class people family
表示的事物的性质
可数: a pen two boxes (可直接用数字计算的)
不可数 ink work
用量数+of 表示数量 a piece of paper; a bottle of water; three cups of tea
Here is a bottle of wine.
There are four glasses of milk.
I need a box of apples.
There are two baskets of eggs on the table.
可数名词: 单数
复数: 规则与不规则
规则: 直接 + s maps bags
以s x sh ch 结尾 + es brushes watches boxes buses
辅音字母 + y 结尾, 把y 变 i + es cities families (boys)
以f, fe 结尾, 把f, fe 变 v + es knives leaves (roofs, handkerchiefs)
以o 结尾 + es potatoes tomatoes (pianos, photos, radios)
不规则: children feet teeth mice men women Frenchmen (Germans, human beings)
单复数一样: Chinese Japanese fish deer sheep
形式单数意义复数: cattle police people
The people here are very friendly.
以复数形式出现: clothes, glasses, shoes, stockings, trousers
His clothes are over there.
名词所有格: 有生命的东西的名词 + ‘s 表示谁的
Tom’s friends; the students’ books; the teacher’s office; the students’ reading room
表几个人共有一样东西: Bei and Rong’s room is very clean.
表各自所有: Liu’s and Peng’s mothers are both teachers.
省略:避免重复 This is not my brother’s glass but my husband’s.
表示店铺, 某人家时 the doctor’s (office); the Green’s (house); the tailor’s (shop)
指时间,距离的名词也可用名词所有格
Beijing’s population; five minutes’ walk; today’s newspaper
表无生命的东西的名词所有关系, 用of 形式
The leg of the table; the cover of the book
双重所有格: of短语 + 名词所有格
a friend of my sister’s; a picture of Mrs. Wang’s (a picture of Mrs. Wang)
名词在句子中的作用
The teacher taught us an English song yesterday.
My daughter likes Chinese.
Linda was elected monitor.
We named her Beibei.
We would like to visit a car factory.
John David, a famous America singer, died in an aircraft crash. 名词练习题
例题:
Please keep quiet. If you make a lot of , you may disturb others.
A. voice B. noise C. sound D. singing
——Would you like some drinks, boys?
——Yes, , please.
A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolates C. some cakes D. two bottles of orange
This is room. The twin sisters like it very much.

A. Lucy’s and Lily’s B. Lucy’s and Lily C. Lucy and Lily’s
After playing football for more than a half hour, the students took rest.
A. a few minute’s B. a few minutes’ C. a little minute’s D. a little minutes’

1. There are fifty six in China.
A. people B. peoples C people’s D. of people
2. There is not enough in the corner to put the table.
A. place B. room C. floor D. ground
3. The new pair of which I bought yesterday is made of .
A. glasses; glass B. glass; glass C. glasses; glasses D. glass; glasses
4. The Whites to China for holiday this summer.
A. is going to fly B. fly C. are going to fly D. flies
5. He told us he had some , some , two dogs, and a cow on his farm.
A. sheeps; chickens B. sheep; chickens C. sheep; chicken D. sheeps; chicken
6. There have been a lot of in our city since 1990.
A, woman doctors B. woman doctor C. women doctor D. women doctors
7. These visitors are from . But they are probably not , because they speak .
A. German; German; French B. Germany; Germen; France
C. Germany; Germans; French D. German; Germans; France
8. They got much from those new books.
A. ideas B. photo C. information D. message
9. If there is a big football match, several will watch the traffic.
A. hundreds polices B. hundreds police C. hundred polices D. hundred police
10. The old teacher is a friend of
A. my eldest brother’s B. my eldest brother
C. my eldest brothers’ D. my eldest brothers
11. This book will be in your studies.
A. of great use B. of helpful C. with care D. great importance
12. The teachers who are coming to us are mothers.
A. Rose and Dick’s B. Rose’s and Dick’s C. Rose and Dicks’ D. Rose and Dick
13. ——Is this newspaper?
——Yes, it’s my .
A. today’s; father B. today’s; father’s C. today; father’s D. today; father
14. The new shop sells clothes and shoes.
A. women B. women’s C. womens’ D. woman’s
15. It is about walk from here to the station.
A. half an hours’ B. a half hours’ C. half a hour’s D. half an hour’s
16. What we are having today!
A. the fine weather B. a fine weather C. fine a weather D. fine weather

( ) 1. _____ are going to England for a holiday.
A. The Wang　 B. Wang’s C. The Wang’s 　　D. The Wangs
( ) 2. There are many _____ in the school.
A. women teachers B. woman teachers C.women teacher D. woman teacher
( ) 3. _____ turn yellow in autumn.
A. Leaf B. Leaves 　C. Leave D. Leafs
( ) 4. Will you please show me the way to the _____ shop?
A. shoe B. shoes’ 　C. shoes D. shoe’s
( ) 5. Help yourselves to some _____ , dear children!
A. fishs B. fishes 　C. fish 　　D. the fish
( ) 6. _____ hard work it is!
A. What a B. How 　C. What D. How a
( ) 7. Do you believe that there are two _____ in my class?
A. Maries　 B. Marys 　C. Mary’s D. Marys’
( ) 8. His family _____ a happy one.
A. be B. are C. is 　　D. was
( ) 10. My grandparents like _____ very much, so they grow some in their _____ garden every year.
A. vegetable, vegetable B. vegetable, vegetables
C. vegetables, vegetables D. vegetables, vegetable

冠词
不可独立使用,放在名词前
不定冠词 a an
定冠词: the
不定冠词
用法: a + 一般名词
an + 发音以元音音素开头的名词
a house; a university; a book; an hour; an umbrella; an apple
1. 第一次提到某人, 某物
There is a ball under the chair.
Mrs. Li is a math teacher.
2. 代表某类人/物
A horse is a useful animal.
Even a child can answer this question.
3. 表示每一的
Take this medicine three times a day.
4. 固定词组 (平时积累)
have a rest; a long time; a few; a lot of; a bit; go out for a walk
定冠词
the 这个;那个;这些;那些
1. 特指某个人/某物; 谈话双方都知道的事物; 重复提到过的人/事物
They are playing basketball. The ball is hers.
Would you please take the book to Mr. Liu?
There is a table by the window. On the table there are some books.
2. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前; 方位名词前
Liu Beibei wants to visit the Summer Palace.
The sun sets in the west.
3. 用在单数可数名词前,表示某类人或事物
The computer is a very useful machine.
The elephant is bigger than the horse.
4. 用在序数词,形容词或副词最高级或only修饰的名词前
This is the first time he visits Europe.
He is the best teacher they have ever met.
She is the only teacher who has been to both America and Britain.
5. 用在乐器前
My daughter likes to play the piano.
(表球类,棋类名词前不用)
6. the + adj 表示某类人或事物
the poor; the young; the wounded
7. the + 姓氏复数形式, 表示…一家人或夫妇
The Greens are watching TV now.
The Wangs are kind to us.
8. 专有名词前
The Yellow River; the Red Sea; The people’s Republic of China; The Great Wall.
9. 习惯用语
in the morning; in the afternoon; on the right
(at night; at noon; at midnight)
零冠词现象
1. 表某一类人或事物复数名词前(泛指)
Girls like flowers
2. 国名,人名前
Mary likes to live in China.
3. 名词前已有this, that, these, those, my, some, any, his等代词作定语修饰时
I have no classes every Sunday.
I have been teaching English in this school for eighteen years.
4. 在抽象名词或物质名词前
She and her husband both like music.
(Tom likes the music of the film.)
Paper is made of wood.
5. 星期,月份,季节,节假日前
I was born in November.
It is very hot in summer here.
6. 表头衔,职务前
This is Mr. Liu, manager of this company.
7. 三歺,球类前
Have breakfast. Play foot ball
8. 固定词组
Go to school; work day and night; go to bed; by train
＿＿＿ India and China are of ＿＿＿ same continent
A. /; the B. The; the C. /;/ D. /; a
What ＿＿＿ fine weather we have these days!
A. a B. the C. / D. an
＿＿＿ Greens are on ＿＿＿ visit to a beautiful city in China.
A. /; a B. A; the C. The; a D. the; /
用适当的冠词填空，不需要冠词的空白处填“X”:
1. The car is running about sixty miles ＿＿＿ hour.
2. My friend is interested in __________ science.
3. Don’t worry; we still have ＿＿＿ little time left.
Hurry up; we have ＿＿＿　little time left.
4. John is ＿＿＿ cleverest boy in his class.
5. March 8 is _________ Women’s Day.
6. ＿＿＿　Greens will come to see you tomorrow.
7. Here is ＿＿＿ black blouse; _____ blouse is hers.
8. They always have ________ bread for __________ dinner.
9. I prefer playing _______ piano to playing _________ basketball.
10. ________ harder we study, _________ more we’ll learn.
11. We can’t see ______ sun at ______ night.
A. a; / B. a; the C. the; / D. the; the
12. Students often play ___ volleyball in __ afternoon.
A. /; an B. /; the C. the; an D. a; the
Is Canada _______ English speaking country.
A. / B. a C. an D. the
4. This is _______ orange. It is _______ small orange.
A. an; an B. an; a C. /; the D. the; a
5. _____ UN report says that there will be standing room only on ____ earth then.
A. A; the B. A; / C. An; / D. An; the
7. There is _______ “x” in ______ word “six”.
A. a; the B. a; an C. an; the D. a; a
8. Look! _______ fine weather it is today!
A. What a B. what C. how a D. how
9. _____ Yellow River is ____ second longest river in China.
A. The; the B. /; a C. The; a D. The; /
10. John Smith is __ of the two young men.
A. strong B. a stronger C. the stronger D. the strongest
1. –--What color is ______ orange? -----It’s _______ orange.
A. an; an B. an; the C. an; / D. /; an
2. Look! ______ good time the children are having!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
3. London is _____ capital of _____ England.
A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; /
4. There’re ___ few mistakes (错误) in your homework. Don’t make __ same mistakes again.
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. /; the
5. _____ Most of the students in our class go to _____ school by bike every day.
A. /; / B. the; a C. /; a D. the; the
6. Don’t give up. You can try for _______ second time.
A. the B. an C. a D. /
7. She took me by ___ hand and led me into ____ room.
A. my; a B. the; the C. a; the D. my; the
8. What ____ interesting game it is! It must be ____ great fun.
A. an; a B. a; the C. the; / D. an; /
9. The house in ______ front of the river is on ______ fire.
A. /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; a
10. He often says ______ rich should help _______ poor.
A. the; a B. a; the C. the; the D. /; /
11. －What can you see by the lake?
－I can see ____ old man sitting on the chair. (2000杭州)
A. a B. an C. the D. /
12. －Have you had ______ lunch yet? ---No, not yet. (2000广州)
A / B. a C. the D. an
13. One morning he found a bag. There was _ “s” on the corner of _ bag. (2000甘肃)
A. a; a B. a; the C. an; a D. an; the
14. There’s ______ egg on the plate. _____ egg is for you. (2000内蒙古)
A. a; A B. an; An C. an; The D. the; An
15. Did you enter for (报名/进入，参加)_____ high jump or _____ 400-metre race? (2000上海)
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the
16. ____ old man in black has waited for you for half ______ hour. (2001汕头)
A. The; an B. The; a C. An; a D. An; 不填
17. ＿＿＿ elephant is ___ useful animal. (2002汕头)
A. An; an B. An; a C. The; an D. A; an
18. －I saw ___ story-book on the teacher’s desk?
－___ book is Li Ming’s. (2003汕头)
A. a; A B. the; The C. the; A D. a; The
19. There is ______man over there, _____man is from Renhua, and he is studying in _______Beijing University.
A. the, the ,the B. a, a, a C. a , the, the D. a, the, /
( ) 1. Sunday is _____ day of the week.
A. one B. the first C. first D. the one
( ) 2. Which is _____ , the sun, the earth or the moon?
A. bigger B. biggest C. the biggest D. big
( ) 3. There is a desk in his bedroom. On _____ desk there is ___ pencil-box.
A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a
( ) 4. What _____ good idea it is!
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 5. Yesterday I went to _____ school on _____ foot.
A. the, the B. /, / C. a, / D. the, /
( ) 7. Though he is rich, he has _____ friends.
A. a little B. a few C. a lot of D. few
( ) 8. There is a tall tree _____ our classroom.
A. in the front of B. in front C. in front of D. at front the
( ) 9. September 10th is _____ in China.
A. Teachers’ Day B. Teacher’s Day C. Teacher’s Day D. the Teachers’ Day
( ) 10. People often go skating in _____ winter.

A. / B. a C. an D. the

代词
人称／物主／指示／反身／疑问／相互／不定
人称代词：
数／格／人称
主格／宾格／单数／复数／人称
I teach them English.
Do you want to go there with us?
Who is that? It is me.
Who are you? I am your new neighbour.
I choose you four. The rest stay here.
She is from China.
Where is Liu Jing? He has gone to France.
She bought a new watch last week, but she lost it yesterday.
It is going to snow. (时间／天气／自然／距离)
It is sunny today. It is half past four. It is not far from my home to the school.
Who is it? It is me. (指代不太清楚的人)
Is it your new teacher?
物主代词
表达所有关系
形容词性　my your his her its our their 相当于形容词，作定语，后接名词
名词性　　mine yours his hers its ours theirs 相当于形容词性物主代词＋名词
My students, his family
Their classroom is big. Ours is bigger. (our classroom)
These books are not his. They are mine.
There is something wrong with my car. Can I use yours?
指示代词
This that 　 (时间／空间距我们较近的人或事物)
these those　 (时间／空间距我们较远的人或事物)
This/that is a horse.
I like these but he likes those.
What I need is this.
Have you read those books?
That/those 可代替前面提到过的名词以避免重复
The weather of Tianjin is colder than that of Wuhan.
The cars made in Japan are as good as those made in Germany.
This/that 可用来表示程度
Is she that tall?
The book is about this thick.
That可用来代替句子或句子中的一部分
He caught a cold. That’s why he could not come.
不定代词
不具体指明代替任何特定的名词或形容词的代词
some/any/no/none
some/any
some用于肯定句中　He has some English books, but he has not any French books.
Any 用于否定句或疑问句中　Do you have any paper and pens?
Would you like some coffee?
Some +　单数可数名词　表示某个
Some lady asked to see you yesterday.
There must be some reason for this.

No/none
No = not any 可数／不可数名词
None 主语／宾语
There is no money in the box.
No car is 100% safe.
None of them is/are good at English.
She needs some money, but there is none at hand.
All my friends like music. All my friends do not like music. Not all my ….
None of my friends like music.

Many/much
Many +可数名词复数
Much +　不可数名词
She has many friends.
There is not much water in the bottle.

Few/a few 修饰或代替可数名词
Little/a little　修饰或代替不可数名词　　　主宾定
数量相对而言
He has a few friends, but he has few good friends.
There is a little water here, you may drink it.
There is little time left, please be quick.
We have quiet a few books to read.　（许多）
We have only a few minutes left.
Very few people know about it.
There is only a little (very little) water in th