the-grass-is-singing《野草在歌唱》.ppt

The Grass Is SingingDoris LessingThe Grass Is Singing oBrief introductionoLiterature review oCritical practice 1949 1950 1954 1955 1956 1962 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1979 1980 1985 1988 1992 1994 2001Doris Lessing(1919-):a prolific writeroA British novelistoA poetoA playwright（who writes plays）oA librettist（who writes opera or musical plays）oA biographeroA short story writer http:/www.dorislessing.org/biography.htmlWorks:novels(17)The Grass is Singing(1950)The Golden Notebook(1962)Briefing for a Descent into Hell(1971)The Summer Before the Dark(1973)Memoirs of a Survivor(1974)The Diary of a Good Neighbor(as Jane Somers,1983)If the Old Could.(as Jane Somers,1984)The Good Terrorist(1985)The Fifth Child(1988)Playing the Game(graphic novel,illustrated by Charlie Adlard,1995)Love,Again(1996)Mara and Dann(1999)Ben,in the World(2000)sequel to The Fifth Child The Sweetest Dream(2001)The Story of General Dann and Maras Daughter,Griot and the Snow Dog(2005)sequel to Mara and Dann The Cleft(2007)Alfred and Emily(2008)Stories collectionFive Short Novels(1953)The Habit of Loving(1957)A Man and Two Women(1963)African Stories(1964)Winter in July(1966)The Black Madonna(1966)The Story of a Non-Marrying Man(1972)This Was the Old Chiefs Country:Collected African Stories,Vol.1(1973)The Sun Between Their Feet:Collected African Stories,Vol.2(1973)To Room Nineteen:Collected Stories,Vol.1(1978)The Temptation of Jack Orkney:Collected Stories,Vol.2(1978)Through the Tunnel(1990)London Observed:Stories and Sketches(1992)The Real Thing:Stories and Sketches(1992)Spies I Have Known(1995)The Pit(1996)The Grandmothers:Four Short Novels(2003)TheChildren of Violenceseries Martha Quest(1952)A Proper Marriage(1954)A Ripple from the Storm(1958)Landlocked(1965)The Four-Gated City(1969)TheCanopus in Argos:Archivesseries Shikasta(1979)The Marriages Between Zones Three,Four and Five(1980)The Sirian Experiments(1980)The Making of the Representative for Planet 8(1982)The Sentimental Agents in the Volyen Empire(1983)Opera,drama,poetry and autobiographyOperasThe Making of the Representative for Planet 8(music by Philip Glass,1986)The Marriages Between Zones Three,Four and Five(music by Philip Glass,1997)DramaEach His Own Wilderness(three plays,1959)Play with a Tiger(1962)PoetryFourteen Poems(1959)The Wolf People-INPOPA Anthology 2002(poems by Lessing,Robert Twigger and T.H.Benson,2002)AutobiographyUnder My Skin:Volume One of My Autobiography,to 1949(1994)Walking in the Shade:Volume Two of My Autobiography,1949 to 1962(1997)CatTales Particularly Cats(stories and nonfiction,1967)Particularly Cats and Rufus the Survivor(stories and nonfiction,1993)The Old Age of El Magnifico(stories and nonfiction,2000)Non-fictionGoing Home(memoir,1957)In Pursuit of the English(1960)Prisons We Choose to Live Inside(essays,1987)The Wind Blows Away Our Words(1987)African Laughter:Four Visits to Zimbabwe(memoir,1992)A Small Personal Voice(essays,1994)Putting the Questions Differently(interviews,edited by Earl G.Ingersoll,1996)Time Bites(essays,2004)Doris Lessing:importanceoTwo of her many awards:2005;on the shortlist of ManBookerInternationalPrize 2007;awarded theNobelPrizeinLiterature.she was described by the Swedish Academy:that epicist of the female experience,who with skepticism,fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilization to scrutiny.“用怀疑、热情和构想的力量来审视一个分裂的文明一个分裂的文明，其作品如同一部女性经验的史诗。”oSheisconsidered bothaBritishandanAfricanwriter.(?)Doris Lessing:a brief chronicleo1919-1925,inPersia(nowIran)British parents:father-crippled in WWI;mother obsessed with raising a proper daughter.o1925-1949,inSouthernRhodesia(nowZimbabwe).“her childhood as an uneven mix of some pleasure and much pain”Parents failed in pursuing wealth through maize farming Several jobs and two failed marriages o1949-,inLondon.Moved to London and began writing as a profession “As a critic of apartheid in South Africa and racism in Southern Rhodesia,Lessing was banned for many years from visiting either country.”http:/www.dorislessing.org/biography.htmlDoris Lessingborn 1919 in Persia1925 family settles in Rhodesia1949 move to EnglandThemes of Lessings life as well as her work.oExplore psychological,political and moral attitudes oracism in British colonial Africaowomen in a male-dominated world and their escape from the social and sexual repression of that world.The Grass Is SingingoHer first novel;published in1950 oInspiration of the book:Early life in Southern Rhodesia(father failed in pursuing wealth through maize farming.)Newspaper cutting stories:a cook murdered his mistress.The prototype of the protagonist Mary.“She is modeled on someone I knew very well.”http:/www.nobelprize.org/mediaplayer/index.php?id=978The Grass Is SingingoSet:in Rhodesia(now Zimbabwe),in southern Africa,during the late 1940s.oAbout white farmers struggling to make a living off a sun-baked farm in South Africa.http:/ review:oPsychoanalysisoFeminism oEco-feminismoColonialism o Spatial criticismoLiterary ethical criticismoExistentialism oPostcolonialismPsychoanalysiso“根据荣格，个性化过程的实现个性化过程的实现包括两个阶段，一是努力成为自由的自己，二是通过实现意识与无意识的完美结合，最终实现完美完整的自己。野草在歌唱中的女主人公玛丽的一生就是不断抗争，实现这两个阶段，最终要回归到真正的自我的一生。”“荣格理论角度解读野草在歌唱”，郑璞玉 o“The Grass is Singing but also depicts the loneliness and alienation of humans in such an environment.Maryspsyche has been distorted under this disharmonious marriage life，which also deepens the theme of loneliness and alienation in the novel“失落的灵魂析野草在歌唱中玛丽的孤独与异化”，王余Feminismo“the patriarchal notions of domination deeply influences the male characters(DickandMoses)and leads t o tragedies in their personal life.”“父 权 制 下 扭 曲 的 人 性:青草在歌唱 中男性人物的女性主义解读”，张杰o“本文从女性主义的观点出发,将主人公玛丽主人公玛丽放在 他者 的立场,从三个方面来解读野草在歌唱：玛丽是非洲大陆的流放者,殖民地社会的迷失者;玛丽是男性的依附者,父权制社会的屈从者;玛丽是他人眼中的疯癫者,种族隔离制度下社会的牺牲者,进而揭露了造成玛丽悲惨结局的社会根源。”“他者 的悲剧:解读野草在歌唱”，丁可凡Eco-feministic analysiso“explores the relationship between womenandnature,and reveals the tragedy which women and nature are oppressedandexploitedbymen.It also shows Doris Lessings ideal of building an equal and compatible society for male and female,setting free women and nature as well as developing womens self-consciousness.”“野草在歌唱生态女性主义解读”,邓平平“The Grass Is Singing addresses the wasteland-like female and natural ecology in the colonized African continent,where both women and nature are subject to the tyranny of the patriarchal cultural institution and economicpractices.Pitiably,womenaredeeplyinvolved in the patriarchal exploitation of nature.”“野草在歌唱-女性和自然的荒原化”，马龙云Colonialismo“tells us the truth that thecolonialsystem alienatespeoplefromthemselves,other people,nature and society.In such a society,people to each other are cold and the original communication between different groups,between men and women,between individual and community is all missing.”o“殖民下的社会结构失衡与个体异化”，杨颖o“The fifties of last century was the era of the prevalence of racism in South Africa.The dominant ones in culture are white,while the native blacks are considered as second-class even animals.In The Grass is Singing,Lessing attacks the abuse and crime directly,showing her sympathyforthelocalandcallingforanti-colonialism.”o“一首殖民主义的衰落之歌”，李茜Literary ethical interpretation“通过分析作品在表现人与社会、人与人、人与自然之间这三对关系时所透露出的伦理观，我们可以得出一个结论：唯有解除种族朋友、家人、两性之间的隔阂，消除孤立压抑状态，并与大自然平等相处，我们才能实现真正的和谐，最终听到野草欢欣鼓舞的歌唱声。”“野草在歌唱的伦理解读”，马云霞，陈湛Spatial criticism o“From the perspective of feminist geography，this paper interprets the relationship between gender and spatial distinction in Doris Lessings The Grass Is Singing:due to the gender division of labor and gender stereotypes in the patriarchal society，the protagonist Mary is restricted to thefeminizedprivatespace;the private space also reflects and reinforces Marys position as the weak and hinders her potential for self-reliance.”性别与空间野草在歌唱 的女性主义地理学解读，李丹玲Existentialism o“uses Sartres theory of existentialism to analyze Marys living condition,revealing death is the inevitable result that Mary must undertake from her personal choices.Then the anxiety,self-deception and the alienation with the other contribute to Marys tragedy.”“荒诞世界里的孤独抗争：存在主义视角下的野草在歌唱”，段淑丹Postcolonialism “how the natives had been described as a group of vile,barbarous and violent race of inferiority undertheimposedorientalistgaze In the novel,the natives revolt turned out to be voiceless and futile under the oppression of the whites.Thus the real meaning of the title actually means the grass-like natives are wailing.”“从后殖民角度解读多丽丝莱辛之野草在歌唱”，宋金玲“The Grass Is Singing reveals truly the current social situations in South Africa in the racial segregation system.But at the same time it also exposes the influence the colonialism peculiarly owned by the traditions of Western Literature had upon the novel.We can find the influence when we study such things as follows:the intention of writing,the use of language,the arts,the images and so on.This article tries to analyze and judge all the things mentioned above in the postcolonial perspective.”“后殖民主义视阈中的野草在歌唱”,韦朝晖Postcolonialismo“野草在歌唱毫不掩饰地描绘了种族隔离制度下南部非洲的社会现状，表达了对殖民地人民的深切同情，闪耀着浓郁的人道主义光芒。然而，这部反殖民书写的典范之作在批评和反思殖民主义罪恶的同时未能超越殖民话语的限制，甚至在某种程度上与之形成共谋关系，呈现出殖民话语的隐性书写。”“反殖民书写与殖民话语的隐性书写：从后殖民主义的视角重读野草在歌唱”，赵纪萍