代词讲义及练习.doc

代词讲义
一、人称代词
1 人称代词的用法
1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或表语。
　 John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.

2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作表语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语。例如：
　　　 -- Who broke the vase?　
　　 -- Me.　　　　

2 代词的选用
1）不定代词 anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone， someone， everyone，no one在正式场合使用时，可用he, his, him代替。
　2）动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替，有时也用he, she，带有亲切的感情色彩。例如：
　3）指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用she。

3 并列人称代词的排列顺序
1）单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：
第二人称－> 第三人称 －> 第一人称，即you－> he/she/it -> I。例如：
　2）复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：
第一人称 －> 第二人称 －> 第三人称，即we　－>you－>they。
　　　注意：在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。
　　　a 在承认错误，承担责任时，
b. 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称，
　　　c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时。

4代词作短语动词的宾语时的位置
与许多短语动词连用时，作宾语的名词可以位于动词短语当中或短语动词末尾，然而，宾语如是代词，就必须把它置于短语动词当中：
hand them in

5．it的用法
A it通常用来代替事物或指代我们不知道其性别的动物，有时也用来指代婴儿或较年幼的小孩：
Her new baby is tiny．It only weights 2 kilos．

B在下列句子中it可以用于指代人：

C it用于表示时间、距离、天气、温度和潮水的说法中：
—What time is it？
—It is six．

D先行主语it
It is easy to criticize．

二、 物主代词
物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用。物主代词有形容词性（my, your等）和名词性（mine, yours等）两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于名词。名词性物主代词可以作主语、作宾语、作表语。

三、反身代词
　 做宾语、作表语和作同位语
我们昨晚玩得很开心。
我今天不舒服。
事情本身并不重要。
四、相互代词
1.传统语法认为，相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other， 存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中，两组词交替使用的实例也很多。

　　 2. 相互代词可加-'s构成所有格。
学生们互借笔记。

五、指示代词
　1、指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人。
　 That is my teacher.　
　 He is going to marry this girl.　
　 He is going to marry this.　
　 I bought this.　
　 2、That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人。
　 He admired that which looked beautiful.　
　 He admired those who looked beautiful.
　 He admired that who danced well.　
　 He admired those who danced well.　
　 He admired those which looked beautiful.

六、疑问代词
1、无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内。例如：
　 你喜欢哪几个姑娘？
　　 你喜欢什么样的姑娘？
2、Whom是who的宾格，但在介词后只能用whom, 例如：

你在校园里和谁讲话了？
3、疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句末。例如：
大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么？
4、疑问代词还可引导名词性从句。例如：

七、关系代词

八、不定代词
不定代词包含all , both, each, either, neither, another, other, something, anything, everything, nothing, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, none等单词。
　 1、 all 都，指三者以上。all 的主谓一致：all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。both, all 都可作同位语，其位置在行为动词前， be 动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省去，则位于助动词或情态动词之前。
2、 one，that 和it
one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。例如：
我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。
你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。
我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。

3. anyone/any one；no one/none；every/each
　 anyone和everyone仅指人，后面不可接of短语；any one 和every one既可指人，也可指物，后面接of短语。none其后可接of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只单独使用，只指人。no one作主语时，谓语动词只能是单数。none 用作主语时，若指不可数名词，谓语只能用单数，若指可数名词，则谓语可用单数也可用复数：

4 both, either, neither

5、other, the other, another 与 others 的用法区别
(1) 单数时，若泛指用 another，若特指用 the other(后接单数名词)。如：
他迅速把球传给了另一名球员。
我爬上了小山，又从另一面跑下来。

(2) 指复数时，若泛指用 other(后接复数名词)，若特指用 the other(后接复数名词)
做这事还有其他的办法。
其他同学在哪里?

(3) others 永远表示复数意义，且其后不能再接名词。其用法大致相当于“other+复数名词”，同样地 the others 大致相当于“the other＋复数名词”。

(4) another一般只能表单数，且其后接名词时也只能接单数名词。但是若其后有数词修饰时，则也可接复数名词：
我还有三分钟。

代词练习

1.There are several pretty girls standing under the tree, but ______ are known to me.
a. neither b. none c. no one d. all

2.In one year rats eat 40 to 50 times ______ weight.
a. its b. and c. their d. theirs

3.You’d better continue to use the same spelling of your name as ______ you used in your application.
a. one b. the one c. any d. some one

4.The little baby was left alone, with ______ to look after it.
a. someone b. anyone c. not one d. no one

5.John can play chess better than ______ else.
a. the one b. no one c. any one d. another

6.It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is quite ______ to perform skillfully yourself.
a. other b. another c. some d. any

7.Children should be taught how to get along with ______.
a. another b. other c. others d. any other

8.The poor man lived on wild berries and roots because they had ______ to eat.
a. nothing else b. anything else c. something other d. nothing other

9.I go to the cinema ______ day, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays.
a. each other b. every other c. this and the other d. all other

10.______ in the world has been asked to do his duty for the human society.
a. Each of the tramps b. Every of the tramps c. The each tramp d. The every tramp

11.In some restaurants, food and service are worse than ______ used to be.
a. they b. it c. them d. that

12.Everyone who comes to the party is given a wooden apple with _____ own names cut in it as a souvenir.
a. his b. her c. their d. its

13.Everybody in the class must hand in ______ exercise book within the given time.
a. their b. our c. his d. her

14.The boys in this town like to bully ______.
a. one another b. one and other c. each other d. one and the other

15.One common family name is Black,______ is Anderson.
a. another b. the other c. others d. none other

16.All girls wear beautiful clothes. Some are dressed in red;______ in green.
a. other b. another c. others d. none other

17.The gold watch had belonged to me for years, but the police refused to believe it was ______.
a. me b. my c. mine d. I’s

18.Mother would not let Mary and ______ attend the hockey game.
a. I b. my c. me d. we

19.______ but a fool can make such a mistake.
a. Everyone b. No other c. Not all d. None

20.The mayor felt that the police, in spite of the reports, had done ______ best.
a. its b. their c. his d. our

21.I haven’t read ______ of the last four chapters, so I know little about them.
a. anyone b. any c. some d. something

22.A pretty face may win friends but it takes character and personality to hold ______.
a. it b. them c. that d. one

23.I don’t know whether small oranges are sweeter than big ______.
a. those b. ones c. one d. that

24.‘How much water is left in the bottle?’ ‘______’
a. Nothing b. None c. Not some d. Not one

25.It took two of them to do the work that ______ of us could do.
a. someone b. anyones c. any one d. everyone

26.He has five children, and ______ of them is good at painting.
a. everyone b. everybody d. every one d. every

27.I have three brothers,______ are in Beijing.
a. no one of them b. neither of them c. everyone of them d. none of them

28.Some of my students study a lot,______ just don’t care.
a. anothers b. the other c. some other d. others

29.The climate here is often said to be similar to ______.
a. Japan b. one of Japan c. that of Japan d. in Japan

30.Hunted by constant fear of arrest, the thief _ to the police at last.
a. gave it up b. gave up himself c. gave him up d. gave himself up

31.______ of the boys in the class who have passed the test is to receive certificates.
a. Every b. Every one c. Someone d. Anyone

32.Do you believe that she has praised us for that, especially ______?
a. you and me b. you and I c. I and you d. me and you

33.Of those who graduated with ______,Ellen is the only one who has found a good job.
a. Betty and he b. he and Betty c. Betty and him d. Him and Betty

34.He is surprised by ______ having to pay for the accident.
a. you b. yours c. your d. your’s

35.This is a left hand glove and that is ______.
a. other b. the other one c. other one d. another

36.It’s cheaper to buy old furniture than to have new ______ made.
a. one b. ones c. furniture d. furnitures

37.The family never agree about ______ shares of the property.
a. her b. its c. their d. his

38.The flock of geese was flying through the sky in perfect formation following ______ leader.
a. its b. their c. his d. her

39.When Jonathan went to Spain with his sister, he bought a leather coat for her and another for ______.
a. him b. himself c. he d. his

40.It wasn’t ______ telephoned me.
a. he whom b. him whom c. he who d . his who