北京海天2011年春季四级英语词汇讲义张培.doc

2011年春季海天英语四级核心词汇讲义一、词汇对四级成绩的极端重要性The importance of vocabulary cannot be too emphasized . “词汇是基石，词汇是基础”“得词汇者得阅读，得阅读者得四级”二、四级词汇备考中的致命误区：1、对大纲中词汇量的要求把握不准（方向感与盲目）2、对词汇书的疯狂无止境背诵3、不重视词汇的多角度运用4、词汇考点把握不准5、对历年词汇考题缺乏足够的重视与把握 典型例题：1、As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order , we have to _ it A) postpone B) refuse C) delay D) cancel 2、Young people are not _ to stand and look at works of art ; they want art they can participate in .A) conservative B) content C) confident D) generous 3、Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _A) granted B) implied C) exaggerated D) remedied 4、The clothes a person wears may express his _ or social position A) curiosity B) status C) determination D) significance 5、By law , when one makes a large purchase , he should have _ opportunity to change his mind A) accurate B) urgent C) excessive D) adequate 6、The early pioneers had to _ many hardships to settle on the new land A) go along with B) go back on C) go through D) go into 7、It is said that the math teacher seems _ towards bright studentsA) partial B) beneficial C) preferable D) liable 8、Everybody _ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary A) assembled B) accumulated C) piled D) joined 9、I suggested he should _ himself to his new condition A) adopt B) regulate C) suit D) adapt 10、Without proper lessons , you could _ a lot of bad habits when playing the piano A) keep up B) catch up C) pick up D) draw up 11、He always did well at school _ having to do part-time jobs every now and then A) in case of B) in spite of C) regardless of D) on account of 12、American football and baseball are becoming known to the British public through televised _ from the United States A) deliveries B) transmissions C) transfer D) transportation 13、The bed has been _ in the family . It was my great-grandmothers originally. A) handed out B) handed round C) handed over D) handed down 近形词与近义词辨析：1、A completely new situation will _ when the examination system comes into existence A) arise B) rise C) raise D)arouse 2、These goods are _ for export , though a few of them may be sold on the home market A) essentially B) completely C) necessarily D) remarkably 3、Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _ in the market A) batteries B)bargains C) baskets D) barrels 4、The European Union countries were once worried that they would not have _ supplies of petroleum .A) proficient B) efficient C) potential D) sufficient 5、The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous world world-wide political , economic and cultural _A) tradition B) transportation C) transmission D) transformation 6、It is our _ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means A) consistent B) continuous C) considerate D) continual 7、Although they plant trees in this area every year , the tops of some hills are still _A) blank B) hollow C) vacant D)bare 8、A 1994 World Bank report concluded that _ girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today .A) assigning B) admitting C)involving D) enrolling 9、Without proper lessons , you could _ a lot of bad habits when playing piano A) keep up B) pick up C) draw up D) catch up 10、In the course of social reform , peoples state of mind tends to keep _ with the rapid changes of society A) step B) progress C) pace D) touch 上下文衔接：1、He _ to his customers and halved the price A) leaked B) drew C) quoted D) yielded 2、Britain has the highest _ of road traffic in the worldover 60 cars for every mile of road . A) popularity B) density C) intensity D) proserity 3、It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a boom in the economy or a _ A) concession B) recession C) submission D) transmission 4、The clothes a person wears may express his _ or social position A) curiosity B) status C) determination D) significance 5、He did not have time to read the report word by word , he just _ it A) skimmed B) observed C) overlooked D) glanced 6、Since the matter was extremely , we dealt with it immediately A) tough B) tense C) urgent D) instant 7、I think she hurt my feelings _ rather than by accident as she claimed A) virtually B) deliberately C) literally D) appropriately 8、He soon received promotion , for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerable _A) ability B) future C) possibility D) opportunity 9、My brothers plans are very _ ；he wants to master English , French and Spanish before he is sixteen A) arbitrary B) aggressive C) ambitious D) abundant 10、Their produts are frequently overpriced and _ in quality A) influential B) inferior C) superior D) subordinate 固定搭配：1、 His wife is constantly finding _ with him , which makes him very angry A) errors B) shortcomings C) fault D) flaw 2、 Mr . Morgan can be very sad _ , though in public he is extremely cheerful A) by himself B) in person C) in private D) as individual 3、 Her energies are _ upon her children and she seems to have little time for anything else A) guided B) aimed C) directed D) focused 4、 Owing to _ competition among the airlines , travel expenses have been reduced considerably . A) fierce B) strained C) eager D) critical 5、 The author of the report is well _with the problems in the hospital because he has been working there for many years . A) acquainted B)informed C) accustomed D)known 6、 Americans may have to _ the number of privately owned cars and depend more on public transportation systems A) break down B) cut down C) get down D) drop down 7、 Who is going to _ all the damage that has been done ? A) apply for B) allow for C) answer for D) care for 8、 The police mateched the finger prints and found they were _ , so the man was arrested A) identical B) similar C) equal D) equivalent 9、 She likes the _ flower instead of the natural one A) fake B) artificial C) false D) forgery 10、 Some children display an _ curiosity about every new thing they encounter A) independent B) inevitable C) indispensable D) incredible 综合练习：1、 The Space Age _ in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union .A) initiated B) originated C) embarked D) commenced 2、 When he tried to make a _, he found that the hotel that he wanted was completely filled because of a convention .A) complaint B) claim C) reservation D) decision 3、 In our highly technological society , the number of jobs for unskilled workers is _A) shrinking B) obscuring C) altering D) constraining 4、 All individuals are required to _ to the laws made by their government A) obey B) conform C) concede D) observe 5、 They have always regarded a man of _ and fairness as a reliable friend A) robustness B) temperament C) integrity D) compactness 6、 If you want this painkiller , you will have to ask the doctor for a _A) transaction B) permit C) settlement D) prescription 7、 The _ from childhood to adulthood is always a critical time for everybody A) conversion B) transition C) turnover D) formation 8、 When the farmers visited the city for the first time , they were _by its complicated traffic system A) evoked B) bewildered C) diverted D) undermined 9、 If Japan _ its relation with that nation it will have to find another supplier of raw materials A) precludes B) terminated C) partitons D) expires 重点句型翻译训练1、许多市民对经济改革持悲观态度。_2、Eye contact is important because _(错误的交流可能造成沟通障碍) （2002年）3、专业人员会出于不同的原因寻求出国工作的经历_4、_-（兼职工作以及灵活的工作模式）allows more women to take advantage of employment opportunities. （2001年）5、When applying for a job , one usually has to _（提交简历）（2004年）submit a resume 6、_(下定决心参加志愿者服务)even though shes already in her 70s .7、The president of this university urged that _（全体教师不要错过这次良机）8、this company has _（掀起冰箱促销的大型广告活动）9、Jim is always dreaming of _( 被派到国外去主管生意)10、Everybody knows he _-(染上了流感)11、In no case _（你可以完全依靠别人来解决）your own problems 12、_-（美国人喜欢通过电话交流胜过面对面谈话）because its more convenient and time-saving 13、This system of education failed to _（将残疾儿童考虑进去）14、It is the chairman who once put up the suggestion that _（新规则应逐步被采用）三、四级词汇的命题重点剖析（三个维度：考点+题型+记忆法）综合+深度“词汇考查贯穿于每个题型之中，但考查重点不尽相同”，只有深度剖析和明确每个题型对词汇的考点要求后，考生才能有针对性的进行词汇的复习和备考。维度一：考点层面六大考点，逐个突破NO.1 固定搭配NO 2 常用句型NO 3 熟词生义NO 4 词汇的精确性NO 5 词汇的形象用法NO 6 词汇的多样性表达维度二：题型层面词汇的命题点和备考要求：1、固定搭配：nounbased vocabulary teaching and learning method 2、多样化表达：3、形近词（组）与义近词（组）必考1）tribute / contribute / attribute / distribute 2）content / contest / context 3）serve/ conserve / reserve / preserve / observe / deserve 4）absent / absence / present / presence 5) account / accountant / accounting /count 6) academy / academic / academician / 7) addition / additive 8) apply / applied / application / appliance / applicant / applicable 9) applause / applaud 10) chemistry / chemicals / chemist 11) struggle / campaign / battle / conflict 12) attendant / participant / candidate / applicant 13) possible / capable / able / probable 14) discomfort / uncomfortable 15) comprehend / comprehensive / comprehensive / comprehending / comprehension 16) consider / consideration / considerate / considering 17) dependent / dependant 18) different / indifferent 19) economy / economic / economical / economics / economist 20) electric / electrical / electrician / electronics / electricity 21) emigrate / immigrate / migrant / migrate 22) express / express / expressive / expression 23) idea / ideal / idol / idiom 24) formal / former / format / formation/ formative 25) misfortune / unfortunate 26) honorary / honorable 27) imaginable / imaginary 28) indignity / indignation / indignant 29) industry / industrious / industrial / industrialize / industrialization 30) install / installment / installation 31) tense / intense / intensive / extensive / 32) just / justice / justify / justly 33) identify / identical / identity / identification 34) identify / justify / verify / testify / purify / amplify /certify / modify /classify 35) light / lighting 36) mean/ means / meaning / meaningful / meanness 37) machine / mechanic / mechanical / mechanics /machinery 38) office /official / officer / officious 39) person / personal / personnel / personify 40) physical / physics / physicist / physician 41) pollute / pollution / pollutant / polluted / polluter 42) object / reject / subject / subjective / objective 43) vacant / empty / blank / hollow / bare / margin 44) vacation /vocation 45) produce / product / production / procedure / process / possess / possession /proceed 46) accident / accidental 47) define / definite / indefinite 48) immense / commence 49) beak / leak / peak 50) virtue / property / feature / character 51) reason / reasonable / reasoning /sensible / sensitive 52) superior /inferior / prior / senior /minor /junior 4、熟词生义与一词多义（性）维度三：记忆法1. 场景归类记忆法（主题词记忆法）与听力、作文考点直接相关（1）常用场所第9页agency 代理处；bank 银行；bar 酒吧；cinema 电影院；garage 车库；market 市场；playground 操场；gallery美术馆；post-office 邮局；yard院子；store 小店；field 运动场；court 网球场；hospital 医院；theatre 戏院；dinning hall 餐厅；(2) 职业分类actor 男演员；actress 女演员；artist 艺术家；bus conductor 公交售票员；cashier 出纳员；chairman 主席；chemist 化学家；colleague 同事；college campus 大学校园；cook 厨师；engineer 工程师；position 职位；judge 法官；lawyer 律师；librarian 图书管理员；mathematician 数学家；monitor 班长；physician 内科医生；salesman 推销员；surgeon 外科医生；typist 打字员；scholar 学者；tour guide 导游；(3) 学校场景address 演讲；analyze 分析；average score 平均分calculate 计算；consult 查阅；copy 复印；design 设计；discipline 纪律；draft 草稿；edit 编辑；enroll 入学；exploit 开拓；fail 不及格；fail in 填表格；final exam 期末考试；instrument 器械；interpret 口译；invent 发明；lecture 演讲；major 主修；mark 打分；master 精通；measure 测量；mid-term exam 期中考试；review 复习；semester 学期；sign 签名；specialize 专业；survey 问卷调查；translate 翻译；try out 选拔；underline 在 划线；weigh 称重；lecture 讲课；(4) 学科归类astronomy 天文学；biology 生物学；chemistry 化学；computer science 计算机科学；electronics 电子学；geography 地理学；literature 文学；mathematics 数学；philosophy 哲学；physics 物理学；(5) 图书馆场景book catalogue 图书目录；check out 办理手续；classified catalogue 分类目录；hours of loan service 借阅的时间；library science 图书馆学；library card 借书证；loan desk 借书处；look up 借阅；magazine 杂志；open-shelf system 开架借书制度；periodical 期刊；readers adviser 图书馆问讯处；renew 续借；title index 书目索引；(6) 邮局场景a pack of stamps 一本邮票；air mail 航空邮件；commemorative stamps 纪念邮票；deliver mail 邮寄；money order 邮政汇票；insured package 保价包裹；ordinary letter 平信；overweight 超重；pick up a package 提取包裹；postage 邮资；registered letter 挂号信；tape 胶带；special delivery 专送函；slot 投信口；postcard 明信片；second class 杂志级；third class 报纸级；(7) 饭店场景be full 吃饱；bread 面包；dessert 甜点；diet 节食；dining hall 餐厅；fish stick 鱼排；menu 菜单；paper napkin 餐巾纸；pizza 比萨饼；price of food 食品的价格；sandwich 三明治；snack bar 快餐；steak 牛排；order 点菜；treat sb 招待客人；(8) 银行场景cash 现金；check 支票；counter 柜台；deposit 存款；teller=cashier 出纳；withdraw 取出；open an account 开帐户；cash a check 兑换支票；interest 利息；balance 余额；withdraw money from 取款；travelers check 旅行支票；(9) 商店场景be in season 合时宜的；be worth the money 合算；best seller 畅销书；daily necessities 日用必需品；go wel