陈述句的用法讲解.doc

陈述句
1、概述
用来叙述一个事实或观点的句子叫陈述句(declarative sentence)。陈述句有肯定和否定两种形式，一般用降调，句末用句号。
They lead an active life which keeps up their normal body temperature, even in very cold winter weather.他们生活很活跃，即使在严寒的冬天也能保持正常的体温。
If you do have difficulties, it is better to try again another day.如果你的确有困难，最好改天再试一试。
This is a most troublesome case. 这是一个非常麻烦的案子。
2、语序
陈述句的语序一般是“主语+谓语部分”，或“主语+系动词+表语”。
Plants grow well all the year round.一年四季植物生长良好。
His strong will doubled their efforts. 他的坚强意志使得他们加倍努力。
They read their own poems to each other.他们互相朗诵自己的诗歌。
I felt the floor move. 我感到地板在移动。
Radioactive matter is dangerous to work with.从事放射性物质工作是危险的。
That sounds a great idea! 听起来这是一个极好的主意！
Her whole body went cold. 她全身发冷。
3、否定结构
（1）用not和助动词或情态动词否定
not一般放在助动词或情态动词之后。
The villagers didn't allow them to do this. 村民们没有允许他们这样做。
If they cannot do this, they have not really learned the spirit of the foreign language and cannot use it freely. 如果做不到这一点，他们就没有真正掌握外语的本质，也就不能运用自如。
（2）用否定副词或代词否定
not以外的否定词no、none、nobody、nothing、never、seldom、hardly、little、neither、nor等也构成陈述句的否定式。
None of you watched carefully enough. 你们当中谁都观察得不够仔细。
Song writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the US 歌曲作者不再写美国的现代价值。
We have never had women working in this part of our company before. 我们以前从来没有让女人在我们的公司这个部门工作过。
（3）部分否定
不定代词或副词如all、both、every, everybody, every day everything, everyone, many, entirely, altogether, absolutely, wholly, completely, everywhere, always, often与not连用时，表示部分否定，意为“并非都是，不是每个都是”等。
But I'm determined to enjoy myself as much as possible even though I can't see everything. 但是我决定要尽可能玩个痛快，即使我看不到所有的地方。
Not all the parts of the car will be made in the factory. 并不是所有的汽车部件都在这家工厂制造。
How a telephone works is a question which not everyone can answer. 电话是怎样工作的这个问题并不是每一个都能回答上来的。
He is not absolutely wrong.他并不全错。
Every couple is not a pair.完美的婚姻少。
（4)双重否定
双重否定是指同一句子里出现两个否定词，即否定之否定。双重否定表示的意义是肯定的，通常比肯定句语气更重。这种结构有：no…not, no(not)…without, no…but, can’t but+动词（不得不）, can’t help doing, none but等。
He doesn’t lend his book to nobody.他的书没有哪本不借。
He can’t make anything out of nothing.巧妇难为无米之炊。
Man can’t live without water.没有水人类无法生存。
（5）几乎否定
几乎否定又称半否定，表示整个句子的意思接近否定。常用的词有little, few, seldom, barely, hardly, rarely, scarcely等。
I have too little time to finish this work. 我的时间太少了，不能完成这项工作。
She is old and rarely goes out.她年纪大了，很少外出。
They had barely time to catch the plane.他们差点没来得及赶上飞机。
（6）否定转移
①宾语从句的否定转移
某些句子结构中，本应放在that从句中的否定词not往往被移至主句的谓语动词前，这种现象叫转移否定，这类动词believe, expect, suppose, think, imagine, fancy, reckon等候的宾语从句否定时否定主句谓语动词。主句主语是第一人称的一般现在时态。
We don't think there is anything of interest in your pictures.我们认为你的画没有什么有趣的地方。
I don't believe it's necessary to buy the bigger one. 我认为没有必要买容量大一点的。
②否定主语转移否定谓语
No sound was heard.没听到声音。
Neither of them had their tickets. 他们都没有票。
③否定谓语转为否定状语
He doesn’t study in the classroom.他不在教室里学习。
He was not playing all the time.他没有一直玩。
④否定介词转移否定谓语
On no condition should the circuit be over loaded.电路在任何情况下都不得超负荷。
At no time will he give in.他任何时候都不会低头。