四级写作常见错误及经典句型.doc

回顾历年四级作文名师改卷感悟及针对建议

　　1. 大家拿到作文题目之后，先要仔细阅读题目明确作文的类型。这一点是非常关键的因为四级相对很强调作文的结构。如果没有一个很清楚的结构，一定会失去一定的分数。四级作文一般有下面三种结构：说明文，议论文和应用文写作。说明文主要可以分为阐述主题类型的，利弊类型的，原因结果类型的，解决问题类型的以及谚语说明类型。议论文主要是就观点进行反驳类型的。应用文写作主要包括演讲词，求职求学信，邀请信，感谢信和投诉信等。所以大家必须在平时复习的过程明确各种类型的写作结构，这样在考试时候就可以在结构上不会出现任何问题，也不会因为写跑题而失分。  来源：
　　2. 开始写作文时一定要段落清楚，有明显的开头，主体和结论部分。也就是大家要学会分段落，不要象记流水帐一样，一段到底，这样就会给老师留下很坏的印象。同时在文章写作过程中，一定要学会使用一些句子之间以及引起和结束文章时候的连接词，这样的话可以使文章很自然，流畅。比如在写文章主体的时候可以用首先，其次，再次这样的连接词，或者一方面，另一方面，等这样的词。这些都是很容易引起老师的注意，可以得分的地方。 
　　3. 写文章时候尽量多用一些四级词汇，这样也可以提高老师的印象。但不是说你用的词很多，而写出的句子结构，语法错误太多。这样也会很糟糕的。因此大家一定要注意，如果自己词汇不怎么多的时候，你不要用自己不明确和不会拼写的词，还有一定要确保句子的正确性，尽量避免语法结构的错误。即使你使用的简单句，但是写的很清楚，没任何错误，也可以得到不错的分数。 
　　4. 注意文章的长度安排，短的作文一定是不可以的，也就是字数要达到要求。但是长的作文如果几乎每句话都有错误也不能得到好的分数。所以大家一定要注意，写的时候要长度适中，确保写出的句子错误很少，即使观点只是很一般，没什么新的地方。也能得到相对好的分数。 一起呵英语站 
　　5. 卷面一定要整洁，字一定要写的漂亮，这可以在很大程度上影响你们分数的升降。印象分数几乎全部是这个决定的 ，所以大家也要主要平时handwriting的练习。
四六级作文评分标准及错误总结

　　评分标准
　　2分……条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
　　5分……基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。
　　8分……基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。
　　11分……切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。
　　14分……切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。(注: 白卷, 作文与题目毫不相关, 或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。)
　　常见写作错误
　　一、主语错误
　　1. 主语缺失
　　1)In our country feels very free.
　　People feel free in our country.
　　2)In my hometown aren’t very busy.
　　People in my hometown are very busy.
　　2. 非名词主语
　　1)Rich doesn’t ensure a happy life.
　　Being rich doesn’t mean a happy life. / Wealth doesn’t ensure a happy life.
　　2)Keep two full-time jobs is simply impossible.
　　Keeping two full-time jobs is simply impossible.
　　3. 主谓错位
　　1)Reading books can acquire knowledge.
　　People can acquire knowledge from books.
　　2)Now people’s lives can’t leave TV.
　　Now people can’t do without TV.
　　二、谓语错误
　　1. 多重谓语
　　1)In our modern society, there are many examples around us show that many people are cheated.
　　In our modern society, many examples around us show that many people are cheated. / A large number of people have fallen victim to various tricks.
　　2)Poverty makes many people can’t study abroad.
　　Poverty makes many people unable to study abroad. / Poverty makes it impossible for many people to study abroad. / Poverty prevents many people from studying abroad. / Many people can’t study abroad because of poverty.
　　2. 非动词谓语
　　1)Some people firmly agree, but others against it.
　　Some people firmly agree, but others are against it.
　　2)It is said that the place worths touring.
　　It is said that the place is worth touring.
　　3. 主谓不一致
　　1)I have to visit the teacher who teach me College English.
　　I have to visit the teacher who teaches me College English.
　　2)I use a disk because it hold plenty of data.
　　I use a disk because it holds plenty of data..
　　4. 误用词组
　　1)They insist on post-graduate study is very important for them.
　　They insist that post-graduate study is very important for them.
　　2)I am afraid of that it’s going to rain.
　　I am afraid that it’s going to rain.
　　三、冠词错误
　　1)In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising.
　　In my opinion, the future of the bicycle is very promising.
　　2) They suggest that we should choose only the good books to read and never touch the bad ones.
　　They suggest that we should choose only good books to read and never touch bad ones.
　　四、代词错误
　　1. 偷梁换柱
　　1)An important thing for the student to remember is that when writing a paper, you should not plagiarize.
　　An important thing for the student to remember is that when writing a paper, he should not plagiarize.

　　2)If we cheat others, friends will never believe you and they will leave you alone.
　　If we cheat others, friends will never believe us and they will leave us along. / If you cheat others, friends will never believe you and they will leave you alone.
　　2. 指代不明
　　1)He gave a reason for not attending the meeting, which nobody believed.
　　He gave a reason, which nobody believed, for not attending the meeting. / He gave a reason for not attending the meeting, a reason which nobody believed.
　　2)Sometimes teachers have to inform the students of the heavy burden they have to bear.
　　Sometimes teachers have to inform the students of the heavy burden students have to bear.
五、形容词、副词错误
　　1)What is more, the change of the weather will make the place look differently.
　　What is more, the change of the weather will make the place look different.
　　2)Surprising enough, he faces the failure very bravely.
　　Surprisingly enough, he faces the failure very bravely.
　　六、分词误用
　　1) Comparing with other countries, China pays little attention to the energy problem.
　　Compared with other countries, China pays little attention to the energy problem.
　　2) Those spirits were just like an indispensable part of the whole picture when viewing through my camera.
　　Those spirits were just like an indispensable part of the whole picture when viewed through my camera.
　　七、修饰语误置
　　1) Spoken English is an important part for learning English people.
　　Spoken English is an important part for people learning English.
　　2)To keep the air clean, we must move the factories which give off poisonous gases to the countryside.
　　To keep the air clean, we must move to the countryside the factories which give off poisonous gases to the countryside.
　　八、垂悬修饰语
　　1) Having carried out economic reforms in our country, people’s living standard has been greatly improved.
　　Having carried out economic reforms in our country, people have greatly improved their living standard.
　　2)To tell my friend the good news, the letter was posted at once.
　　To tell my friend the good news, I posted the letter at once.
　　九、平行错误
　　1) While we reduce the number of vehicles, the speed of traffic can be increased. 
　　While we reduce the number of vehicles, we can increase the speed of traffic.
　　2) Before I selected the new course, my teacher warned me of the difficulty of the course and how long it lasted.
　　Before I selected the new course, my teacher warned me of the difficulty and length of the course. / Before I selected the new course, my teacher warned me how difficult the course was and how long it lasted.
　　十、搭配错误
　　1) In the past the price of meat was so expensive that most families could not afford it.
　　In the past the price of meat was so high that most families could not afford it.
　　2) Crowded traffic in some large cities is a big problem for city dwellers.
　　Heavy traffic in some large cities is a big problem for city dwellers.

　　十一、破句
　　1) Nowadays, if you want to find a job. Then you must pass the job interview.
　　Nowadays, if you want to find a job, you must pass the job interview.
　　2) First you should show good manners. Because the first impression you leave on others is important. 
　　First you should show good manners, because the first impression you leave on others is important.

· 　大学英语四级作文批改常见错误归纳
1. 最常见错误：从句连接词缺失，最主要的是THERE BE句型：
　　There is a saying goes ... [应为There is a saying which goes ...]
　　There are many people think that... [应为There are many people who think that...或者直接说Many people think that...]
　　It's the major thing affects people's friendship. [少了一个that]
　　When we have difficulty, someone helps you right away is the real friend. [少了一个who]
　　2. NO MATTER / WHETHER错误，这是英语专业学生最容易犯的另一类错误：

　　Friendship is important for no matter rich people or poor people. [宜改为Friendship is possible, whether for rich people or for poor people. "no matter"后面必须接一个小句（主语、谓语完整）]
　　3. C语类重复。所谓C语类是个句法用语，用于引导一个完整的小句，起标志作用，如that/whether等等：

　　People are not sure that whether... [that一词多余]
　　4. LACK / LACKING
　　似乎受汉语语感的影响，多数英语学生似乎认为lack是形容词，所以时常说is lack of...

　　5. 逻辑域错误。这个应该不难判断，但还是经常出错：
　　If people become friends, both of them won't care about money... [可改为neither of them care about money...]
　　其他：

　　语义重复
　　In my opinion, I agree with the view that... [agree一词本身就表示说话人的观点，可将In my opinion去掉，或把后面的一半改为the view that... is right]
　　share many common interests [common与share属同义反复，可改为have many common interests或share many interests]
　　论断过于绝对，缺乏足够思考
　　A person with good finance will not understand why his poor friend gets on a sardine-jam like bus and always choose to dine at some poor-condition restaurant at the roadsides... [相信富人也不至于笨到这个程度]
　　句义严重反复，缺乏变化
　　Some people believe that financial disparity affects friendship. Some believe that financial disparity doesn't affect friendship. For my part, I agree with the latter, because financial disparity doesn't affect friendship. [不必多说了]
　　连词错误
　　It is not difficult to imagine if those rich people have some poor friends with common interests. [if一词显然应该是that，不过更通顺的说法应该是It is not difficult to imagine rich people having some poor friends with similar interests.]
　　不会使用照应语
　　We won't ask people whether they have much money or not when making friends with other people. [people和other people显然应该是同指关系，后面的other people应改为them才对]
　　作文是对语言的综合运用，可以集中体现出学习者的基本功和思维能力；语感非常重要，不过要形成好的语感还需要长期的反复训练。过去指导英语专业大四学生毕业论文，每届都发现有不少已经过了TEM8的英语专业学生的语言能力有明显缺陷。写作能力必须建立在大量阅读、用心感受和无数次练习的基础上，对此曾对学生反复讲过多次，不过由于无法立竿见影，多数学生不能很好地坚持，很是遗憾。

英语四六级写作经典句型

　　1)主语从句
 　　It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.
 　　It is well-known that…
 　　It is self-evident/ conceivable / obvious / apparent that…
 　　It goes without saying that… It is universally acknowledged that…
 　　It is / thatwww.yeeyi.NET
　　2)宾(表)语从句
　　We cannot understand why he was so cruel to his roommates.
 　　The problem is not who will go, but who will stay.
　　3)定语从句(限定性和非限定性)
　　As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described…in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table…,
 　　There are many reasons why I want to study in your university.
 　　It is estimated that tens of billions of pounds is spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste.
　　4)状语从句(时间，原因，地点，条件，让步，转折等)
 　　When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster (怪物) which will devour him.
 　　Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of computers.
　　5)分词短语做定语或状语
　　Prof. Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire English better.
　　6)倒装句
　　Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem. 　　Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.
　　7)被动句
　　Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem. 　　He is said to have accomplished a lot of great deeds. 　　Many people believe that…(It is believed that… 　　
　　8)设问句
　　Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him?
　　9)比较
 　　1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
 　　2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
 　　3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...
 　　4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that... 　  　　 5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.
 　　6.Like anything else, it has its faults.
 　　7.A and B has several points in common.
 　　8.A bears some resemblances to B.
 　　9.However, the same is not applicable to B.
 　　10. A and B differ in several ways.
 　　11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.
 　　12. People used to think ..., but things are different now.
 　　13. The same is true of B.
 　　14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.
 　　15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...
　　10)原因壹壹英语(www.YeeYi.Net)
　　 1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
 　　A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).
 　　2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.
 　　3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...
 　　4. The factors that contribute to this situation include...
 　　5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that...
 　　6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are...
 　　7. Part of the explanations for it is that ...
 　　8. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...
 　　9. Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...
 　　10. Perhaps the primary factor is that ...
 　　11. But the fundamental cause is that ... 　
　　11)结果
　　1. It may give rise to a host of problems.
 　　2. The immediate result it produces is ...
 　　3. It will exercise a profound influence upon...
 　　4. Its consequence can be so great that...
　　12)批驳
　　1)It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.
 　　2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
 　　3) Some people say ..., but it does not hold water.
 　　4) Many of us have been under the illusion that...
 　　5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
 　　6) It makes no sense to argue for ...
 　　7) Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ...
 　　8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...
 　　9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...
　　13)举例
　　1) A good case in point is ...
 　　2) As an illustration, we may take ...
 　　3) Such examples might be given easily.
 　　4) ...is often cited as an example.
　　14)证明
　　1) No one can deny the fact that ...
 　　2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
 　　3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...
 　　4) Recent studies indicate that ...
 　　5) There is sufficient evidence to show that ...
 　　6) According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...
　　15)开篇
 　　1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...
 　　2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
 　　3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
 　　4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ...
 　　5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ...
 　　6) Never in our history has the idea that ... been so popular.
 　　7) Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ...
 　　8) According to a recent survey, ...
 　　9) With the rapid development of ..., ...
　　16)结尾
 　　1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...
 　　2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...
 　　3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...
 　　4) In conclusion, it is imperative that ...
 　　5) There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help.
 　　6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ...
 　　7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
 　　8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
 　　9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ...
 　　10) Taking all these into account, we ...
 　　11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...