文都：2008年12月英语四级全真预测试卷(三).doc

　　Part IWriting(30 minutes)
　　Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic To Restrain Spending. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
　　1. 现在许多大学生花钱大手大脚。
　　2. 有人认为社会整体生活水平提高了，大学生花钱多一些无可厚非。
　　3. 你的看法。
　　To Restrain Spending
　　Part IIReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)
　　Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the question on Answer Sheet 1.
　　For questions 1-7, mark
　　Y (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
　　N (for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
　　NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.
　　For questions 810, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
　　Protect Your Privacy When Jobhunting Online
　　Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person’s personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain.
　　The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent General Accounting Office report estimates that as many as 750,000 Americans are victims of identity theft every year. And that number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know they have been victimized.
　　Identity theft is “an absolute epidemic,” states Robert Ellis Smith, a respected author and advocate of privacy. “It’s certainly picked up in the last four or five years. It’s worldwide. It affects everybody, and there’s very little you can do to prevent it and, worst of all, you can’t detect it until it’s probably too late.”
　　Unlike your fingerprints, which are unique to you and cannot be given to someone else for their use, your personal data, especially your social security number, your bank account or credit card number, your telephone calling card number, and other valuable identifying data, can be used, if they fall into the wrong hands, to personally profit at your expense. In the United States and Canada, for example, many people have reported that unauthorized persons have taken funds out of their bank or financial accounts, or, in the worst cases, taken over their identities altogether, running up vast debts and committing crimes while using the victims’ name. In many cases, a victim’s losses may include not only outofpocket financial losses, but substantial additional financial costs associated with trying to restore his reputation in the community and correcting erroneous information for which the criminal is responsible.
　　According to the FBI, identity theft is the number one fraud committed on the internet. So how do job seekers protect themselves while continuing to circulate their resumes online? The key to a successful online job search is learning to manage the risks. Here are some tips for staying safe while conducting a job on the internet.
　　1.Check for a privacy policy.
　　If you are considering posting your resume online, make sure the job search site you are considering has a privacy policy, like CareerB. The policy should spell out how your information will be used, stored and whether or not it will be shared. You may want to think twice about posting your resume on a site that automatically shares your information with others. You could be opening yourself up to unwanted calls from solicitors(推销员)
　　When reviewing the site’s privacy policy, you’ll be able to delete your resume just as easily as you posted it. You won’t necessarily want your remains posted on a job board, the more exposure, both positive and notsopositive, it will receive.
　　2.Take advantage of site features.
　　Lawful job search sites offer levels of privacy protection. Before posting your resume, carefully consider your job search objectives and the level of risk you are willing to assume.
　　CareerB, for example, offers three levels of privacy from which job seekers can choose. The first is standard posting. This option gives job seekers who post their resumes the most visibility to the broadest employer audience possible.
　　The second is anonymous (匿名的) posting. This allows job seekers the same visibility as those in the standard posting category without any of their contact information being displayed. Job seekers who wish to remain anonymous but want to share some other information may choose which pieces of contact information to display.
　　The third is private posting. This option allows a job seeker to post resume without having it searched by employers. Private posting allows job seekers to quickly and easily apply for jobs that appear on CareerB without retyping their information.
　　3.Safeguard your identity.
　　Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay sage while using internet to search out jobs is to conceal their identities. Replace your name on your resume with a generic(泛指的) identifier, such as “Intranet Developer Candidate,” or “Experienced Marketing Representative.”
　　You should also consider eliminating the name and location of your current employer. Depending on your title, it may not be all that difficult to determine who you are once the name of your company is provided. Use a general description of the company such as “Major auto manufacturer,” or “international packaged goods supplier.”
　　If your job title is unique, consider using the generic equivalent instead of the exact title as signed by your employer.
　　4.Establish an email address for your search.
　　Another way to protect your privacy while seeking employment online is to open up an email account specifically for your online job search. This will safeguard your exiting email box in the event someone you don’t know gets hold of your email address and shares it with others.
　　Using an email address specifically for your job search also eliminates the possibility that you will receive unwelcome emails in your primary mailbox. When naming your new email address, be sure that it doesn’t contain references to your name or other information that will give away your identity. The best solution is an email address that is relevant to the job you are seeking such as salesmgr2004@.
　　5.Protect your references.
　　If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information of your references, take it out. There’s no sense in safeguarding your information while sharing private contact information of your references.
　　6.Keep confidential (机密的) information confidential.
　　Do not, under any circumstances, share your social security, driver’s license, and bank account numbers or other personal information, such as race or eye color. Honest employers do not need this information with an initial application. Don’t provide this even if they say they need it in order to conduct a back ground check. This is one of the oldest tricks in the bookdon’t fall for it.
　　1.Robert Ellis Smith believes identity theft is difficult to detect and one can hardly do anything to prevent it.
　　2.In many cases, identity theft not only causes the victims’ immediate financial losses but costs them a lot to restore their reputation.
　　3.Identity theft is a minor offence and its harm has been somewhat overestimated.
　　4.It is important that your resume not stay online longer than is necessary.
　　5.Employers require applicants to submit very personal information on background checks.
　　6.Applicants are advised to use generic names for themselves and their current employer when seeking employment online.
　　7.Of the three options offered by CareerB in suggestion 2, the third one is apparently most strongly recommended.
　　8.Using a special email address in the job search can help prevent you from receiving.
　　9.To protect your references, you should not post online their.
　　10.According to the passage, identity theft committed typical for.
　　Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
　　Section A
　　Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
　　Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
　　If our society ever needed a reading renaissance(复兴), it’s now. The National Endowment for the Arts released “Reading at Risk” last year, a study showing that adult reading 47 have dropped 10 percentage points in the past decade, with the steepest drop among those 18 to 24. “Only one half of young people read a book of any kind in 2002. We set the bar almost on the ground. If you read one short story in a teenager magazine, that would have 48,” laments a director of research and analysis. He 49 the loss of readers to the booming world of technology, which attracts wouldbe leisure readers to Email, IM chats, and video games and leaves them with no time to cope with a novel.
　　“These new forms of media undoubtedly have some benefits,” says Steven Johnson, author of Everything Bad Is Good for You. Video games 50 problemsolving skills; TV shows promote mental gymnastics by 51 viewers to follow complex story lines. But books offer experience that can’t be gained from these other sources, from 52 vocabulary to stretching the imagination. “If they’re not reading at all,” says Johnson, “that’s a huge problem.”
　　In fact, fewer kids are reading for pleasure. According to data 53 last week from the National Center for Educational Statistic’s longterm trend assessment, the number of 17yearolds who reported never or hardly ever reading for fun 54 from 9 percent in 1984 to 19 percent in 2004. At the same time, the 55 of 17yearolds who read daily dropped from 31 to 22.
　　This slow but steady retreat from books has not yet taken a toll on reading ability. Scores for the nation’s youth have 56 constant over the past two decades(with an encouraging upswing among 9yearolds). But given the strong apparent correlation between pleasure reading and reading skills, this means poorly for the future.
　　[A] percent[F] counted[K]forcing　　[B] remained[G] relieved[L]improve
　　[C] rose[H] present[M] Styles　　[D] rates[I] Believing[N]building
　　[E] percentage[J] released[O] attributes
　　Section B
　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
　　Passage One
　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
　　My father’s reaction to the bank building at 43rd Street and Fifth Avenue in New York city was immediate and definite: “You won’t catch me putting my money in there!” he declared, “Not in that glass box!”
　　Of course, my father is a gentleman of the old school, a member of the generation to whom a good deal of modern architecture is upsetting, but I am convinced that his negative response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money. In his generation money was thought of as a real commodity(实物) that could be carried, or stolen.
　　Consequently, to attract the custom of a sensible man, a bank had to have heavy walls, barred windows, and bronze doors, to affirm the fact, however untrue, that money would be safe inside. If a building’s design made it appear impenetrable, the institution was necessarily reliable, and the meaning of the heavy wall as an architecture symbol dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money.
　　But the attitude toward money has, of course, changed. Excepting pocket money, cash of any kind is now rarely used; money as a tangible commodity has largely been replaced by credit. A deficit(赤字) economy, accompanied by huge expansion, has led us to think of money as product of the creative imagination. The banker no longer offers us a safe: he offers us a service in which the most valuable element is the creativity for the invention of large numbers. It is in no way surprising, in view of this change in attitude, that we are witnessing the disappearance of the heavywalled bank.
　　Just as the older bank emphasized its strength, this bank by its architecture boasts of imaginative powers. From this point of view it is hard to say where architecture ends and human assertion(人们的说法) begins.
　　57.The main idea of this passage is that.
　　[A]money is not as valuable as it was in the past
　　[B]changes have taken place in both the appearance and the concept of banks
　　[C]the architectural style of the older bank is superior to that of the modern bank
　　[D]prejudice makes the older generation think that the modern bank is unreliable
　　58.How do the older generation and the younger one think about money?
　　[A]The former thinks more of money than the latter.
　　[B]The younger generation values money more than the older generation.
　　[C]Both generations rely on the imaginative power of bankers to make money.
　　[D]To the former money is a real commodity but to the latter the means of producing more money.
　　59.The word “tangible” (Line 2, Para. 4) refers to something .
　　[A]that is precious
　　[B]that is usable
　　[C]that can be touched
　　[D]that can be reproduced
　　60.According to this passage, a modern banker should be.
　　[A]ambitious and friendly
　　[B]reliable and powerful
　　[C]sensible and impenetrable
　　[D]imaginative and creative
　　61.It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s attitude towards the new trend in banking is.
　　[A]cautious
　　[B]regretful
　　[C]positive
　　[D]hostile
　　Passage Two
　　Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
　　President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today—that business institutions have more prestige(威望)in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions posses this great prestige?
　　One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.
　　Competition protects the freedom of the individu