四级视频课堂讲义.doc

恩波精品讲义——走进四级
四级视频课堂讲义
答题卡1 （Answer Sheet 1）
Part I Writing ( 30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic：It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象
2. 诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实
It Pays to Be Honest
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________…… ……
试题册
Part I Writing ( 30 minutes)
注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Part II Skimming and Scanning
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet.
For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the choices marked A), B), C) and D).
For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
How Do You See Diversity?
As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company. During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.
He had a perfect résumé and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice.
“It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s “different” behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding. He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting (避开) your eyes.
“I was just thrown off by the lack of eye contact; not realizing it was cultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out, but will not miss that opportunity again.”
Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our understanding of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions.
Hire Advantage
At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult, employers who can eliminate invalid biases (偏见) from the process have a distinct advantage. My company, Mindsets LLC, helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots. A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make.
“During my Mindsets coaching session, I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets. The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company. When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.”
Blinded by Gender
Dale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce. “Through one of the sessions, I discovered my personal bias,” he recalls. “I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person, and being open to differences.” In his case, the blindness was not about culture but rather gender.
“I had a management position open in my department; and the two finalists were a man and a woman. Had I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel. My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position, I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel.” Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce.
“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation, I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision.” Dale credits the workshop, “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness.”
Year of the Know-It-All
Doug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops. He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.
“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year. In my ignorance, I assumed he had his dates wrong, as the first of January had just passed. When I advised him of this, I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates.
“He patiently waited, then when I was done, he said he would like Chinese New Year off, not the Western New Year. He explained politely that in his culture the new year did not begin January first, and that Chinese New Year, which is tied to the lunar cycle, is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar. Needless to say, I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up. But I learned a great deal about assumptions, and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture.
“Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees, rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all,” Doug admits. “The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more ‘inclusive’ to differences.”
A Better Bottom Line
An open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally, it is profitable as well. These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improve sales. “Most of my customers speak English as a second language. One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone. It wasn’t until my boss received Mindsets’ training that she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service. As a result, our customer base has increased.”
Once we start to see people as individuals, and discard the stereotypes, we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone. Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differences and similarities. It is about building better communities and organizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our shared humanity.
When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past, from the media, peers, family, friends, etc., we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed (有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values. We need to train ourselves to think differently, shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us, creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone.
1. What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate?
A) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.
B) His résumé didn’t provide the necessary information.
C) He was slow in answering her questions.
D) He just wouldn’t look her in the eye.
2. Tiffany’s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from.
A) racial stereotypes B) cultural ignorance
C) invalid personal bias D) emphasis on physical appearance
3. What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalization according to the author?
A) Expanding domestic and international markets.
B) Constantly updating knowledge and equipment.
C) Increasing understanding of people of other cultures.
D) Hiring qualified technical and management personnel.
4. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC?
A) A hi-tech company. B) A real estate agency.
C) A personnel training company. D) A cultural exchange organization.
5. After one of the workshops, account executive Dale realized that.
A) he had hired the wrong person
B) he must get rid of his gender bias
C) he had not managed his workforce well
D) he could have done more for his company
6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC’s workshop?
A) It helped him make fair decisions.
B) It met participants’ diverse needs.
C) It tapped into the executives’ full potential.
D) It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted.
7. How did Doug, a supervisor, respond to a Chinese-American employee’s request for leave?
A) He readily approved it. B) He flatly turned it down.
C) He demanded an explanation. D) He told him to get the dates right.
8. Doug felt ________________________ when he realized that his assumption was wrong.
9. After attending Mindsets’ workshops, the participants came to know the importance of ______ __________________ to their business.
10. When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes, we can achieve diversity and benefit from the ___________________ between us.
Part III Listening Comprehension ( 35 minutes )
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
11. A) At home. C) At the health center.
B) At the riverside D) At his office
12. A) Having an interview C) Talking with his friend
B) Filling out a form D) Asking for information
13. A) She made a mistake by taking too few courses in the first term.
B) The courses she took were too difficult for her
C) She took too many courses during her first term
D) She found it difficult dealing with college courses
14. A) Worried and frightened C) Quite unhappy
B) Very relaxed D) Angry with the professor
15. A) He enjoys reading letters C) He is offering the woman a job
B) He has been job-hunting D) He is working for a company
16. A) She lost her way C) She lost her car
B) She lost her keys D) She lost her handbag.
17. A) More than an hour and a half C) More than two hours
B) Not more than half an hour D) Less than an hour and a half
18. A) She is sure who is going to win
B) Now it is a good time to start the game
C) The game has been going on for a long time
D) The same team always wins
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) Teacher and student. B) Classmates.
C) Ex-husband and wife. D) Colleagues.
20. A) A new Chinese restaurant. B) The woman’s new job.
C) The days they spent together in school. D) The man’s experience after graduation.
21. A) Chinese food is very delicious.
B) Cooking is a happy work for him now.
C) Cooking can make a lot of money.
D) His family didn’t like the food he cooked before.
22. A) Two years. B) Tree years.
C) Four years. D) Five years.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. A) They show great respect to their parents.
B) They always do what their parents ask them to do.
C) They are very close to their parents.
D) They often disregard their parents opinions.
24. A) Because her parents do not force her to do what she doesn’t want to do.
B) Because her parents love her very much.
C) Because her parents support her financially.
D) Because her parents allow her to live on her own.
25. A) He loves his family very much.
B) He gets along well with his parents.
C) His parents do not give him much freedom.
D) He does not have much in common with his parents.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some question. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) It had many problems
B) It was the most democratic country in the world
C) It was fair to women
D) It had some minor problems to solve
27. A) The women of some states
B) The women in the state of Wyoming only
C) The members of the National Women’s Association
D) The women in the state of Massachusetts only
28. A) At the very beginning of the 20th century
B) At the end of the 19th century
C) After Susan Anthony’s death
D) Just before Susan Anthony’s death
29. A) She worked on the draft of the American constitution
B) She was the chairman of the National Women’s Association
C) She was born in New York and died in Massachusetts
D) She was an activist in the women’s movement for equal right
Passage Two
Questions 30 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. A) People with problems C) Travels around the world
B) Beautiful America D) People in great cities
31. A) He spent three months writing “Travels with Charley “
B) He enjoyed his travels around the United States
C) He was fond of writing about his travels
D) He didn’t enjoy the trip as much as Charley
Passage Three
Questions32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. A) The long distance between his home town and New