雅思笔记(10.0学生版）.doc

张驰新
IDP testee R&D –Version

make one’s debut
10 taboos
Flow chart
（随笔分类）
雅思写作互动及欣赏区
新闻“报”料
雅友大联盟
Y147
Full…archive 显示所有文章
回家复习计划
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张驰新雅思资料最权威下载
小新课堂 笔记 version 9.0
雅思回家复习计划 ppt——置顶的最后一个贴
雅思论据大汇总 (2 句)
be scattered with
雅思必备200句（保6分）
It is acknowledged that （5 句）
Routine Rubric 常项题型
Seldom Rubric 偷袭题型
Insight Into IELTS
make one’s debut
Process=Flow chart
Compare—summarize 共性
Contrast—analyze 个性
sterilize deshape
rocket plummet
soar slump
surge subside
boom ebb
creep up creep down
accrue abate
leap dip
rally retrieve
dormant
整数单位
程度副词 每栏掌握两个
Task 1的3种基本句型

mildly
surge= rise moderately
soar=rise sharply
boom=rise gently
实义副词
绝对描述系统 verb（天龙八部）

相对描述系统 junk verb +adverb

A: rise sharply/maximally

B: rise comparatively gently

D: rise gently/minimally

C: rise comparatively sharply

B2: rise sharply
A2: rise comparatively sharply
more less 绝对性副词
perfect

10，100，1000，
accrue=rise gradually and gently
leap=rise smoothly and sharply
起落同幅 rise and fall evenly

60%= three-fifths// three out of five
= a/the majority of
= a large/striking/dominant/leading portion/part/share/proportion/percentage/margin of

>80% （93%）= a lion’s share
5%= a minority of, a marginal/micro/slim/tiny/small-scaled/meagre portion
37.8%= maximum/comparatively a majority of （<50%的最大值）
comparatively a minority of WRONG
7.3%
87%/76%/53%

饼图的三句万能句型
1） 数据+抄题+导入宾语 Band 5
2） 主语+“占据”（先特征，后数据） Band 6
3） 剩余数据 Band 7(Combo)
“占据”的讲法：
a) constitute
b) make up
c) be the factor(s)/instrument(s) of 致成物
the remaining a.
the rest a./n.
the remainder n.
the remnant n.

in the charge of – sb
due to//owing to//attributed/ascribed to//for//oriented to—sth

Pie Chart的审题过程：
1. 看文字信息
2. 标题审题 标1\2\3
2>1>3

2:极端数据及其周围（与之接近）数据
1:一般数据
3:落单数据

例4:
Food and drink, Other items covered comparatively a majority of the Average weekly expenditure, with 26% and 24% respectively.

Task 1的时态：
1） 现在时——无时间
2） 过去时——过去时间
3） 将来时——将来时间
l 从过去到将来——现在时

两种禁忌时态：
1） 现在完成时（描述阶段）
Since 1970, there has been a large increase.
2） 现在进行时

On the other hand, Recreation and education, Clothing accounted for a small portion of the expenditure, with 17% altogether.
l “累加”的写法：
totaling 17%//amounting to 17%//adding up to 17%//with a total of 17%//equaling 17%

When added up, they amount to ___

19% of the expenditure was shared by Housing and power. Furthermore, the remaining 14% was due to Transport and communication.

两个图写作顺序：
1） 先写一个，另一个再比
2） 直接联动

红书P78:
Coal occupied the maximal portion//was the biggest instrument of the sources of energy, with 47% while Nuclear accounted for a tiny share, with only 1%. Furthermore, 28% altogether of the energy was shared by Oil and Hydro. The remaining 24% was due to Natural Gas.

1） In 1980, the percentage of Coal increased/crept up by 4%//to 51%.
2） There was an increase/creeping-up of 4% in the percentage of Coal.
3） We can witness…
4） The year of 1980 witnessed/reflected…
5） A outnumber/ outpercentage B by…
A比B大3000.
A outnumbers B by 3000.

A: Coal in/of 1980
B: that in 1970=its counterpart对等物
eg. Coal in 1980 outpercentaged its counterpart by 4 percent.

Coal was the biggest/leading//predominant/outstanding/striking instrument among its counterparts.

while Nuclear rocketed by 10 times.
the percentage of Nuclear was 11 times//eleven-fold that of its counterpart
“倍数的讲法”参考红书P58-60
There was an increase of 10 times in Nuclear.
We can witness …
The year of 1980 witnessed…
Coal in 1980 outpercentaged its counterpart by 10 times

Oil almost remained stable.

There was a decrease of 4% in the percentage of Hydro. In addition, the year of 1980 witnessed a slump of 9% in Natural Gas. What is worth mentioning is Oil was almost morose during the decade.

Through the charts, we can easily draw the conclusion that the new source of energy, particularly Nuclear was given full play while the traditional ones, though still dominant, reached their bottleneck/ceiling to some extent.

l 两个图的写作原则：3+5
第一张图——3句万能句型
第二张图——涨/跌/平的比较，5个数据
2涨+2跌+（1平）

数据很多的时候：
第一张图分三种情况：
最大的——2号句型
最小的——1号句型
中间的——3号句型
破纸P2
Social…, ad, edu, sci cover comparatively a majority of their main fields of study, with …respectively, while 2.24%, 1.84% and 2.10% are shared by... The remaining percentages are in moderation, with 5.53% for , 7.4% and 9.35% respectively.
increase max:
min Social Science

l 三个以上图的写作原则
直接联动（曲线图写作模式）
line chart

连词、副词连接
顺接：furthermore, moreover, in addition, additionally, next, in the following, what is worth mentioning（值得一提的是）, what is interesting, what should not be neglected(不能忽略的是), last, on the other hand, meanwhile
转折：while, on the other hand, conversely, on the contrary, what is so different is

Line Chart
l 形态划分法——最简单的图
l 点位划分法——较复杂的图
l 水平划分法——极其复杂的图
l 比较划分法——两根曲线

Para 2:总分句
All trends(动态)/statistics(静态)/charts(多图) can be categorized/classified into ____ stages(时间)/groups(无时间)/types(多图) with (“general” trends or characteristics).

l general=junk words

2 groups with predominance of Humanities in 1990 and 1994 and predominance of Business in 1996, 1998 and 2000.
Applied subjects

with fluctuating from Jan to June, rising sharply from June to Aug, falling sharply from Aug to Oct and rising gently from Oct to Dec.

with fluctuating from Jan to Jun, rising from Jun to Aug, Oct to Dec, falling from Aug to Oct.

with fluctuating gently from Jan to Jun and fluctuating sharply from Jun to Dec.

点位划分法：
with fluctuating evenly and gently from Jan to Jun and fluctuating evenly and sharply from Jun to Dec.

l Specific Description:
用天龙八部和句式变换来描述

Version One:
It fluctuated within a small range from Jan to June. Then it soared, reaching a peak at 3000 in Aug and slumped, bottoming out at about 1250 in Oct. Finally, there was a boom/rally till the end of the year.

Version Two:
Harry’s annual sales of hamburgers were volatile slightly during the first half year, followed by leaping till its zenith at 3000 in Aug. We can witness a sudden slump to Oct, echoed by booming till Dec.

Creative Writing
“Band 9” Version
图表系统结合文字系统
图表：reach a peak in Aug
文字：The hamburger sold best in summer.
Few people would buy hamburgers in Autumn, esp, Oct.
Hamburger encountered a recession in Oct//a sales waterloo/catastrophe.

All trends can be categorized into 2 stages with rising and falling sharply (6-10, 16-20) and rising and falling evenly (11-15, 20-22).

相似度：
1） 大起大落 sharply
2） 小起小落 (comparatively) gently
3） 起落同幅 evenly

单线分类法
Comparative Classification:
1） popularity of
2） predominance/prevalence of
3） preference to

All statistics can be categorized into 2 stages with the popularity of listening to radio from about 6 am to 1 pm and the popularity of watching TV during the rest of the day.

predominance of radio audiences
单线//分线描写（天龙八部）

As to the radio audience, it soared from about 6 am to 8 am, reaching the peak at about 25% at 8 am, followed by ebbing till the end of a day. We can witness the nadir occurred at around 4 in the morning.
Back to the people watching TV, most of them watched TV from 5 pm to 12 am. The trend almost rose and fell evenly with sharp rise and fall. 8 in the evening was the peak hour for people to watch TV. Furthermore, after 3 am, less than 5% of people would listen to radio or watch TV.
What is worth mentioning is that 8 am and 8 pm are the peak hours for people to listen to radio and watch TV respectively.

单线描写

红书P71
All statistics can be categorized into 2 stages with the popularity of cinema from 1957 to 1960 and the popularity of TV from 1960 to 1974.

As to/As for/In terms of/In respect of/In aspect of/In regard to/Concerning the curve of cinema admissions, it dipped from 1957 to 1960, followed by subsiding in the following/next 6 years. We can witness a trend of ebbing till 1972. In the end, there was an abating to its bottom at about 90 in 1974.

P72
All statistics can be categorized into 3 stages with the equilibrium均势 of/in the birth and death rates in the first decade of the 20th century, the predominance of birth rate in the following two decades, and the predominance of death rate from 1930 to 1970(in the consecutive 40 years).

As to the birth rate, stabilization in the first ten years was followed by leaping to its zenith at 60 per thousand in 1920. We can witness a clear slump to almost one-third of the zenith in 1940. The next 20 years reflected an even rise and fall. Finally it abated to the trough in 1970.

Contrary to the birth rate, the death one continued to creep down after the overlapping period till 1930, when a rally was shown between 1930 and 1940. Fortunately, fewer people died in the rest years, with ebbing to the nadir in 1970. What is worth mentioning is that both birth and death rates reached the bottom level in 1970.

As to death rate, it abated from 1900 to 1930, followed by soaring to its peak at 5% in 1940. We can see an ebbing till 1970.

In the respect of birth rate, the first decade witnessed stabilization, followed by leaping to its peak/zenith at nearly 6% in 1920. It slumped to 2% in 1940 and rose and fell evenly in the next two decades. Finally it had the similar trend with its counterpart, death rate.

Sample Topic 13
All charts can be categorized into 2 types with absoluteness type for Full-time males and Part-time females and alternation type for Full-time females and Part-time males.

概括描写（不同趋势、句型导入）
The trend of 1973 fluctuated within a large range.
So did the trend of 1993

作业：
1） 红书P78 3+5
2） 破纸 P2 3+5
3） 破纸 P3 分线描写
4） 红书P72 分线描写
5） 复习“天龙八部”

TABLE
表格的描述顺序是以时间（趋势）作为主线，非时间作为辅线（一句话）

五种技术举例方法：
Ø 极端数字举例法
Ø 范围法
Ø 平均值举例法
Ø 类比法
Ø 反比法
basically soar except in 1995
crept down to 1995 and rallied till 1998
All trends can be categorized into 2 groups with fluctuating in Holiday, Visits to friends and relatives, Other reasons, TOTAL and rising in Business.

TABLE
23, 37, 41, 57, 63
47，53，42，46，58

Holiday: basically soar Extreme
Business: boom Range
Other reasons: rise and fall evenly Average
TOTAL: Similarity

13, 24, 27, 35, 43
47, 56, 42, 49, 57

4，7，11，16，23
45，56，60，76，86
Omnipotent 万能法①/②
Rare ③
Frequent ④/⑤

32，36，46，53，57
33，37，47，54，59

类比的四种句型：
This is the similar/identical case with…
This is true of …
So does…
This can be paralleled with …

反比的三种句型：
This is the opposite with…
This is converse/reverse with …
This is contrary to …

无序（无规律）数据用1/2，甚至不举（看字数需要）

表格题的风格：
Technical Table (随意选取栏目)
Strategic Table (Screening甄别 ；筛选)

红书P73
l 一定要写的项目：√
l 说明公司：

Despite the increasing net sales of ABC Company, the rate of increase is deteriorating. Furthermore, the Costs and expenses were not controlled properly, leading to the plain increase of Net income with a decline after 1998.

表格题审题顺序：
1） 确定写作顺序（横？纵？）10 sec
2） 表格审题编号——先趋势，后数据
² 在表格左边空白区域标上trend编号 30 sec
² 写出all trends那句话（总分句）2 min
² 在表格右边空白区域进行数据方法的编号 2-3 min
² 进行数据的描写 10 min

Food always played a major part//accounted for comparatively a majority in the average family expenditure in Britain.（纵向比较结果）
Sample Topic 6:
All trends can be categorized into 4 groups with falling in items such as Food, rising in items including Housing, fluctuating in Household goods and services, and stabilizing in Other items.

Transport and communications soared, reaching an apex at 16% in 1996 and hitting a trough at 9% in 1967. Household goods and services was volatile dramatically with the vertex in 1996 and the nadir in 1977. Furthermore, there was a subsiding in Other goods and services, ranging from 8% to 14%. Alcoholic drink plateaued at 7% from 1967 to 1977, followed by a sudden slump to 4% in 1996, this was almost paralleled with the trend of Fuel, light and power. (Food abated, averaging out at nearly 20%.) Similarly, the trend of Housing accrued from 1967 to 1996 with an average of 14% in 1977. This was almost the similar case with the trend of Recreation, entertainment and education, which was the opposite with that of Tobacco.

range(verb): to vary within specified limits:
在…范围内变动：在某一特定的范围内变化：

What is worth mentioning is that Other items, not making its debut until 1977, remained constant from 1977 to 1996.

Sample Topic 11:
趋势编号：
1，2，2，2
3，1，1，2

All trends can be categorized into 3 groups with rising in Agriculture of Britain, Computer Industry and Finance of China, fluctuating in Computer Industry, Finance, Manual Labour of Britain and Manual Labour of China, and falling in Agriculture of China.

Britain

A
CI
F
ML

3

2
1
China

A
CI
F
ML

2
1

3

In terms of the industries of Britain, the percentage of Manual Labourers fluctuated within a large range, reaching a peak at 61% in 1970 and bottoming out at 20% in 1990. This was the opposite with the trend of employees in Computer Industry. People engaged in Finance showed an undulation within a range of 10%. Agriculture witnessed a creeping-up of employment, averaging out at nearly 20%.

表格题比较原则：
有可比点的比，没有可比点的不要比
“可比点”表示差异性（相反）
“没有可比点”表示同质性(similarity)或不相关性(irrelevancy)

横向比较结果：
In Britain, Manual Labour was the largest industry drawing employees, while most people in China, were engaged in Agriculture.

纵向比较结果：
Agriculture witnessed a converse trend in aspect of employment for both countries. In China, Computer Industry and Finance were prone to be booming industries.

红书P74
All trends can be categorized into 3 groups with rising in income and the expenses of Food, Housing, Medical, falling in the expenses of Others and stabilizing of Entertainment and Savings.

Generally speaking, we can witness a soar in the trend of income from 1980 t0 1985. Focusing on the various expenses in 1980, Others and Housing accounted for the comparatively a majority of the expenses, with 35% and 25% respectively. 28% altogether was shared by Food and Medical. Furthermore, the remaining 12% was a tiny portion occupied by Entertainment and Savings. In the aspect of 1985,

表格题的类型：
Dynamic Table（有趋势）
Static Table（无趋势）

纯比较——用多种语法形式来变换

BAR CHART
柱状图的本质——其它三种题型用柱子来表示。

Sample Topic 2
本质：
1） 三张饼图
2） 四根曲线图
All trends can be categorized into 3 groups with fluctuating in bus, rising in car and falling in bike and foot.
3） 3X4 的表格题
This was the similar case with the trend of foot.

总结：
题型本质上分为两种——动态图和静态图
动态图最好用曲线图（All trends +天龙八部）的整体写作模式
静态图则是静态表格（纯比较）的写作模式

柱状图的要求：
1） 充分的比较（共性）和对比（差异），文字性的部分可以多一点，不必局限在每一种题型的要求上。
2） 语法要求较高：对于主语的要求和句式的多样性（60%的柱状图为静态图）
柱状图是静态图比例最高的题型
静态图的分类：
一个饼图
表格题（30%）
柱状图（60%）
l 是
l 多/差…
l 倍数
3） 对于隐藏特征的开发（适用于所有类型的图）

Task 1高分的关键：
变换多端的wording和句式、体系
清晰宏观的分类(ALL TRENDS)
有力得体的隐藏特征(HC)

隐藏特征：隐藏在数据背后的客观性事实。
隐藏——不明显，有别