英语专业八级改错分析PPT课件.ppt

改错1.一.改错题的注意事项 二.改错文章统计分析三.改错答案统计分析四.解题步骤五.常见错误类型六.复习建议2.一.注意事项:1.三不改:不要一改二:9-8-1,4-2，99-7不要改顺序:99-4不要改拼写2.三个要:左右都要看字迹要工整符号要标准 3.3.评分标准：1).如果文章中未划出删除和增添记号，即使答案正确，仍不得分2).如果只标出错处和错误类型，但不知如何改正，得0.5分4.二.改错文章统计分析1.内容:人文类学术书籍或期刊杂志（历史政治语言教育）,特别是语言类为主2.篇幅:最多283词,最少182词3.结构:总分结构1）总:文章主题一般在首句2）分:两条线索对立和顺承对立:00，02，06，07,08,09年顺承:03,04,05年一句话，两条线5.三.改错答案统计分析1.从错词词类上看，分布比较均匀，英语八大词类中均有涉及，具体来说：每年涉及至少5种词类的修改；动词每年都有，至少一个；形容词副词每年至少有一个；冠词代词每年至少有一个(01年除外)2.从修改方法上看，每年10道改错题呈6 6，7-7-1-1，2-12-1，2 2的分值分布，即，修改单词6-7个，增加单词1-2个，删除单词1-2个（2005年除外）6.四.解题步骤1.通读:主旨结构-首句，两线2.细读:修改-常见错误类型3.重读:复查-文意是否通畅修改方法和词类是否符合统计规律:修改方法:67-2121修改词类:5-冠代-形副-介连-动2003年试题2009年试题7.五.常见错误类型8.常见错误类型:从词类看-语法词 词类词类-虚词虚词 典型错误典型错误 冠词冠词1.基本用法基本用法:定冠词特指定冠词特指,不定冠词泛指不定冠词泛指(6-5);2.定冠词定冠词+形容词表示一类人或物形容词表示一类人或物 3.形容词最高级和冠词搭配形容词最高级和冠词搭配(0-1,6-10)3.固定搭配中的冠词固定搭配中的冠词 (7-9;5-5)代词代词1.指示代词指示代词this,that,these,those的混淆，的混淆，缺失，误用缺失，误用(8-6;5-3;3-8;9-8)2.关系代词的缺失或误用关系代词的缺失或误用(8-4;7-2;5-4,7;2-5)介词介词1.介词短语，以及和动词，形容词和名词介词短语，以及和动词，形容词和名词形成的固定搭配错误形成的固定搭配错误(9-6；8-1,9,10;7-6,7;6-3,5-3,4-4,3-3,10;2-10;1-1;0-3,5;99-4)连词连词5 误用（误用（因果，转折，让步因果，转折，让步，并列，选择连，并列，选择连词的误用）词的误用）9.常见错误类型:从词类看-语法词 词类词类-实词实词 常见错误常见错误 动词动词1.时态错误时态错误,主谓不一致主谓不一致(6-4,2-6)2.现在分词和过去分词的混淆现在分词和过去分词的混淆(6-1,51,1-7,0-4,99-4)3.动词短语中成分的缺失动词短语中成分的缺失（3-1,4-9,8-2）4.动词词义误用动词词义误用(6-7,8-5)形容词形容词1.比较级和原级的误用比较级和原级的误用(7-5,6-6,5-6,3-4)副词副词1.副词的冗余（副词的冗余（0-5，1-4，2-3）2.副词短语副词短语(1-5,2-10,9-8)名词名词1.近义，多义名词的误用近义，多义名词的误用 (3-1,4-9,8-2)10.近义近形词辨析2009-4:something and anything2008-2,3:move and movement,distinctive and distinct2006-6:grow old-grow older2004-9:interest and interest2003-1:Height-high2002-4:first-firstly2001-10:totalfull2000-6,10:single-only,a great deal-a number of11.十年考题没有改什么:虚拟语气没有改分词做状语没有改情态助动词没有改倒装没有改12.冠词13.专八改错冠词错误类型冠词冗余：2007年3 去掉the，language,冠词误用2005年5 去掉in the school中的the,冠词误用20032 去掉a steady decline,冠词误用冠词缺失：20079 加上a，to a large extent,介词短语20047 加the public,缺冠词199910 for后加a,冠词缺失 a healthier diet 固定短语搭配中的冠词：2007年9 加上a，to a large extent,介词短语2005年5 去掉in the school中的the,冠词误用14.基本用法 泛指泛指 特指特指 可数名词 a/an +可数名词单数举例：a book,an apple零冠词+可数名词复数举例:books,apples the+可数名词单数/复数举例:the book(s)the apple(s)不可数名词零冠词+不可数名词举例:water,sugar the+不可数名词 the water,the sugar15.定冠词+形容词表示一类人或事物（2004年7题）16.在一些搭配中用冠词和不用冠词的意义区别 不用冠词表示抽象意义不用冠词表示抽象意义 用冠词表示具体含义用冠词表示具体含义 go to school 去上学 go to the school 因事去学校 in school 在校念书 in the school 因事在学校 in class 在上课 in the class 在这个班级 go to college 上大学 go to the college 因事去大学 at desk 在读书；做作业 at the desk 在课桌边 上学学习类17.在一些搭配中用冠词和不用冠词的意义区别 不用冠词表示抽象意义不用冠词表示抽象意义 用冠词表示具体含义用冠词表示具体含义 at table 进餐 at the table 在餐桌旁 go to bed 睡觉 go to the bed 到床边 in bed 在睡觉 in the bed 卧在床上 in hospital 生病住院 in the hospital（因事）在医院里 come out of hospital 出院come out of the hospital（因事）从医院出来 go to prison 犯罪入狱 go to the prison（因事）在监狱 men of age 成年人 come of age 成年 men of an age 同龄人 keep house 管理家务 keep the house 守在家里 with child 怀孕 with the child 和这个小孩在一起 in red 穿着红色的衣裳 in the red 负债 生活家居类18.在一些搭配中用冠词和不用冠词的意义区别 不用冠词表示抽象意义不用冠词表示抽象意义 用冠词表示具体含义用冠词表示具体含义 in office 在职 in the office 在办公室 out of office 离职 out of the office 从办公室出来 come into office 就职 come into the office 来到办公室 behind time 晚点 behind the time 落伍 by day 白天 by the day 按日计算 in secret 秘密地 in the secret 参与阴谋 take place 发生 take the place 取代 out of question 没有问题 out of the question 完全不可能 go to sea 出航 go to the sea 去海边 be at sea 在海上航行；茫然 be at the sea 在海边 by sea 乘船 by the sea on end 连续地 in the end 最后 工作处所类19.在一些搭配中用定冠词和不定冠词的意义区别 用不定冠词用不定冠词 用定冠词用定冠词 after a fashion 马马虎虎 after the fashion of 仿照 at a time 一次 at the time 那时 in a/one way 有点，在某种程度上 in the way 挡路，妨碍20.定冠词和表身体部位的名词：宾格人称代词+介词+定冠词+身体部位He caught her by the hand.他用手抓出了她的手。They pulled her by the hair.他们扯着她的头发。21.不定冠词和“不可数名词”(99年10题):1.很多不可数名词与a/an连用，表示一种或一类：This seems to be an excellent oil.A cheese I like is Camembert.2.饮料类不可数名词与a,an 连用，表示一杯这种饮料Id like a beer,please.3.不可数名词意义改变，成为可数名词后和a/an连用a glass，an iron，22.4.可数名词抽象化后，和a/an连用，表示人的一种品质,搭配是 of+a/an+名词（fool,man,cowardice,scholar,poet-）He was enough of a man to tell the truth.他光明磊落讲了实话。He is more of a fool than his younger brother.他比他弟弟还蠢。23.固定搭配中的冠词：2007年9题:to a large extent2003年10题:to the same extent扩展:with a view/an eye to,keep an eye on,take an interest in,at a loss,in a word,on a level with,in a rowin the process of,on the brink of,with the exception of,at the mercy of,to the exclusion of,24.常见错误类型:从句子结构 句子结构句子结构 常见错误常见错误 定语结构定语结构1.在用分词做定语时，混淆现在用分词做定语时，混淆现在分词和过去分；在分词和过去分；2.在用从句做定语时，定语从在用从句做定语时，定语从句的先行词和关系代词使用句的先行词和关系代词使用不当，主谓不一致不当，主谓不一致 比较结构比较结构1.比较级比较级+than结构中结构中:形容词的形容词的级别，比较事物的前后一致级别，比较事物的前后一致表比较的动词表比较的动词,形容词形成的比形容词形成的比较结构中的固定搭配，前后比较结构中的固定搭配，前后比较事物的一致较事物的一致as-as 并列结构并列结构and前后动词形式的一致，连词前后动词形式的一致，连词的选择的选择25.定语结构1.前置定语-单个形容词，分词2.后置定语-分词短语，定语从句26.前置定语单个形容词:过去分词agreed,misled,excited,surprised,tired,frightened,satisfied,lost,convinced,disappointed,moved,exhausted,qualified,interested-,现在分词:agreeing,misleading,exciting,surprising,tiring,frightening,satisfying,convincing,disappointed,moving,exhausting,qualifying,interesting-27.All interesting parties are invited to attend the meeting.28.All interesting parties are invited to attend the meeting.All interested parties are invited to attend the meeting.interested:有利害关系的29.后置定语-定语从句30.定语从句2008年4题:At the time the United States split off from Britain,for example,there were proposals that independence should be linguistically acknowledged by the use of a different language from that of Britain.2007年2题:There is no material in any language today or in the earliest records of ancient languages show us language in a new and emerging state.2007年10题:Whereas language proper does not consist of signs but of these that have to be learnt and that are wholly conventional.2006年4题：the English speaker has in his disposal a vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his thoughts and feelings,in a variety of styles,to the other English speakers.31.2005年4题:The rise in tuition may reflect the fact economic uncertainty increases the demand for education.2005年7题The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students include soft majors,student evaluations of teachers,giving students a governance role,and eliminate required course.-2004年10题:Congressional committees also have the power to compel testimony from unwilling witnesses,and to cite for contemptof Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury these who give false testimony.2002年5题：It is not a voice we recognize at once,whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost always know.先行词的误用，关系代词/副词的缺失,误用，定语从句的主谓一致32.定语从句:先行项+关系词+定语从句:先行项+关系代词+定语从句先行项+介词+关系代词+定语从句先行项+关系副词+定语从句关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose;as,what,)关系副词(when,where,why,that)33.能做先行项的指示代词:单数形式只能是that,复数形式只能是those(不能是these):34.哪些情况下定语从句只能用that做关系代词:1.everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词做先行词：I do not buy anything that is too expensive.There is something that you dont know.2.人和物一起做先行词The farmer has a clever son and a large farm that make him have a sense of pride.3.先行词被序数词，形容词最高级或any,only,all,every,no,some,much,few,little等成分修饰时:He is the only man that can speak four foreign languages in our company.Tell us all things that you know.It is the largest map that I ever saw.35.哪些情况下定语从句只能做which关系代词:1.非限定性定语从句中，先行词表物:Beijing,which has been Chinas capital for 800 years,is rich culture.2.出现在介词后面，先行词表物：This is the question about which we have had so much discussion.The tool with which he is working is called a wrench.3.非限定性定语从句中指代前面一句话36.先行项+介词+关系代词+定语从句结构中介词的选择:1.看搭配A.所选介词和定语从句中的动词，形容词和名词构成固定搭配:He is the man on whom you can depend.He gave me some references with which I am not familiar.This is a key site over which our troops has lost control.B.所选介词和先行词构成固定搭配:The ease with which Mr.Green carried the heavy machine was unbelievable.Public demonstrations are an effective means by which the people can bring social inequalities to the attention of the government.When television was first introduced,the extent to which it would affect human society could not have been foreseen.The rate at which they are being destroyed has increased.37.看定语从句句意是否完整:如果完整，所选名词就应该和前面的先行词构成固定搭配如果不完整，所选名词就应该和定语从句中的名词，动词和形容词构成固定搭配38.2.看句意选介词:Egypt enjoys a long history -which it is known.Hang Zhou is a human paradise -which it is known.Our life is like a wheel with six spokes:family,financial,mental,social and spiritual.The physical spoke is our health,-which nothing makes sense.39.2.看句意选介词:Egypt enjoys a long history for which it is known.Hang Zhou is a human paradise as which it is known.Our life is like a wheel with six spokes:family,financial,mental,social and spiritual.The physical spoke is our health,-which nothing makes sense.40.2.看句意选介词:Egypt enjoys a long history for which it is known.Hang Zhou is a human paradise as which it is known.Our life is like a wheel with six spokes:family,financial,mental,social and spiritual.The physical spoke is our health,-which nothing makes sense.41.2.看句意选介词:Egypt enjoys a long history for which it is known.Hang Zhou is a human paradise as which it is known.Our life is like a wheel with six spokes:family,financial,mental,social and spiritual.The physical spoke is our health,without which nothing makes sense.42.The company,-which Max Harrison was until recently the chairman,has made loss of three million pounds this year.The company,of which Max Harrison was until recently the chairman,has made loss of three million pounds this year.定语从句:Max Harrison was until recently the chairman of the company(which).43.关系代词as:既可引导限定性定语从句也可引导非限定性定语从句:as引导非限定性定语从句引导非限定性定语从句 as引导限定性定语从句引导限定性定语从句 as 指代的是整句话 as指代一个先行词 as可放在位置灵活，可放在句首，句 中和句尾用于such-as,the same-as,as-as的固定搭配中的固定位置 例句:例句:As is often pointed out,knowledge is two-edged sword.He will repeat such points as are discussed in the book.There is,as has been mentioned,a growing body of research into swine flu.He tried to make as few mistakes as he could avoid.She was married again,as was expected.He is not the same playboy as we knew.44.The young man cheated his friend,as was disgraceful.The young man cheated his friend,which was disgraceful.45.as做关系代词指代一句话做关系代词指代一句话which做关系代词指代一句话做关系代词指代一句话as位置灵活，可放在句首，句中，句末 which只能放在句末 as是“就像-”，表示只能顺承 which本身没有含义，既可表顺承，也发对，排斥，否定前面的那句话46.关系副词常见关系副词:when,where,why,that how(?):when的先行词是表时间的名词，where的先行词是表地点的名词，why的先行词是表原因的名词reason先行词是表时间或地点的名词，不一定都用when和where引导：47.先行词是表时间或地点的名词，不一定都用when和where引导：I ll never forget the day-I spent on campus.Ill never forget the day-we first met on campus.This is the place-bred many famous scientists.This is the place-many famous scientists often get together.48.先行词是表时间或地点的名词，不一定都用when和where引导：I ll never forget the day which I spent on campus.Ill never forget the day when we first met on campus.This is the place-bred many famous scientists.This is the place-many famous scientists often get together.49.先行词是表时间或地点的名词，不一定都用when和where引导：I ll never forget the day which I spent on campus.Ill never forget the day when we first met on campus.This is the place-bred many famous scientists.This is the place-many famous scientists often get together.50.先行词是表时间或地点的名词，不一定都用when和where引导：I ll never forget the day which I spent on campus.Ill never forget the day when we first met on campus.This is the place where bred many famous scientists.This is the place where many famous scientists often get together.51.先行词是表时间或地点的名词，不一定都用when和where引导：I ll never forget the day I spent on campus.Ill never forget the day we first met on campus.This is the place bred many famous scientists.This is the place many famous scientists often get together.52.How不能做关系副词？2005年7题The ways how universities made themselves attractive to students include soft majors,student evaluations of teachers-.53.表方式的先行词way/manner在定语从句中方式状语:the way/manner(s)+that+定语从句the way/manner(s)+in which+定语从句the way/manner(s)+定语从句Thats the way in which she speaks.Thats the way that she speaks.Thats the way she speaks.Thats the way how speaks.(RandolphRandolph QuirkQuirk.A A Comprehensive Grammar of Comprehensive Grammar of the English Languagethe English Language.pp.1254)54.关系代词在定语从句中的误用:2007年 2005年4 fact 后面加that,缺关系代词200410 these-those,代词误用20025 which改成that，关系代词误用55.比较结构比较结构:为了避免重复，从句中常出现省略和替代，注意保持句子前后比较对象的一致，特别要注意代词是否使用正确；专八中的比较结构中比较的成分时所有格+名词中心词 56.08年6题:There were proposals that independence should be linguistically acknowledged by the use of a different language from those of Britain.05年3题:increasingly the outlook of universities in the United States is a indistinguishable from those of business.03年8题:their marriages remained intact to a greater extent than that of couples who married in earlier as well as later decades.99年8题:their blood cholesterol level are very low(about half of the average American adult.)所有格+名词+比较结构+所有格+代词,一定要是同类事物比较57.常用比较结构:用形容词/副词原级as-as-用比较级和最高级more-than-the more-,the more-more and more58.more-than-:在有than的比较结构中，主句中必须有比较级形式出现。On the whole,ambitious students are much likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition.In the long run,however,this hurry to shed full-time staff may be more harmful to industry as it is to the workforce.59.为了保持句子平衡，than后从句可能出现倒装和替代Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics have higher rates of intermarriage than did U.S.-born whites and blacks.In addition,far more Japanese works expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than is their counterparts in other countries surveyed.助动词:时态看主句，单复数看从句主语60.为了保持句子平衡，than后从句可能出现倒装和替代Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.In addition,far more Japanese works expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in other countries surveyed.助动词:时态看主句，单复数看从句主语61.as-as-(第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词)as+形容词/副词+asThis parcel is as heavy as that one.Eyes are as eloquent as lips.She runs as fast as her brother.She behaves as politely as her brother.62.as+形容词+名词+as as+形容词+不可数名词/复数可数名词She has written as many essays as her brother.I have not drunk as sweet coffee as this.She is as efficient a worker as her brother.She is a worker as efficient as her brother.I do not want as expensive a car as hers.I do not want a car as expensive as hers.as+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+as63.表示倍数的结构:倍数+比较级+thanBeijing is three times bigger than Chengdu 倍数+as+原级+asBeijing is three times as big as Chengdu.倍数+the+名词 倍数+that/those of 倍数+what引导的从句Beijing is three times the size of Chengdu.The production of2007 was two thirds that of 2008.Output is now six times what it was 10 years ago.64.练习Paper produced every year is three times the weight as the worlds production of cars.They have produced one million cars with a total value 20 times than what it was in 1990s.65.A is to B what C is to DAir is to us what water is to fish.The people is to the peoples army what water is to fish.Reading is to the mind what sight is to the body.Reading is the thing to mind which sight is to the body.变体:what/as C is to D,so is A to B/A is to BWhat air is to us,water is to fish.As air is to us,so is water to fish.66.表示倍数的结构:倍数+比较级+thanBeijing is three times bigger than Chengdu 倍数+as+原级+asBeijing is three times as big as Chengdu.倍数+the+名词 倍数+that/those of 倍数+what引导的从句Beijing is three