湖南省邵阳市洞口四中2022年英语高三第一学期期末达标检测模拟试题含解析.doc

2022-2023高三上英语期末模拟试卷
考生须知：
1．全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。
2．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。
3．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
1．I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
A．mightn’t B．mustn’t
C．needn’t D．couldn’t
2．（2018·海淀二模）This view is common _________ all sections of the community.
A．across B．above
C．around D．along
3．Zhouqu, Gansu was attacked by such a terrible mud-rock flow few residents had ever experienced before.
A．as B．which C．where D．that
4．Tom’s score on the test is the highest in the class. He _____.
A．should study last night
B．should have studied last night
C．must have studied last night
D．must study last night
5．The Oxford English Dictionary is necessary for learning English, so you'd better buy ___.
A．this B．that C．it D．one
6．—Did your father enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?
—Yes, he did. They each other for ages.
A．didn’t see B．wouldn’t see
C．haven’t seen D．hadn’t seen
7．The case shocked the public, a hot debate over human nature on the Intemet.
A．causes B．caused C．causing D．to cause
8．—Is there a hospital nearby? I hurt my ankle, and cannot move now.
—It’s about 3 blocks away. I _____ you there.
A．took B．take
C．will take D．have taken
9．My sister ______ the baby while I’m at yoga.
A．arranges B．minds C．assesses
10．Recently some hospitals in China have adopted ______ they call a robot-doctor, ______ will be used to operate on patients with more accuracy.
A．what; that B．that; which
C．what; which D．which; what
11．.---How did you French?
---- I lived in Paris for two years before I came to England, so I got lots of practice.
A．go through B．pick up C．set up D．turn up
12．According to the report, people in the ________ areas are rebuilding their homes and many roads ________ to the area have been repaired.
A．flooded; lead B．flooding; leading C．flooding; to lead D．flooded; leading
13．What surprised us most is that he doesn’t know ________ the differences between the two books lie.
A．that B．what C．which D．where
14．Mark has lived in China for many years, yet he still can't ________ himself to the Chinese customs.
A．observe B．adapt
C．lead D．devote
15．Only when _________hard __________ make your dream come true.
A．do you work; you can B．you work; you can
C．do you work; can you D．you work; can you
16．The guide was enthusiastic and knowledgeable and we spent a lovely evening wandering into places which we ________ straight past otherwise.
A．had walked B．were walking
C．would have walked D．must have walked
17．All of us have the desire to visit the three main temples in Athens, especially ______ that contains a gold and ivory statue of Athena.
A．the one B．one C．the ones D．those
18．Jane’s pale face suggested that she ______ ill and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical exam.
A．be; should have B．was; have
C．should be; had D．was; had
19．—________? You look really down.
—I’m tired of my job. There are endless problems to deal with.
A．Why bother B．So what
C．What’s up D．Why not
20．—It______________to plant trees and grass on the hillside.
—Yes. They help stop soil from being washed away.
A．makes sense B．makes money
C．makes a living D．makes a mistakes
第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
21．（6分）As a legally blind student,the first day of school holds special meaning for me.Along with excitement and nerves over new teachers and new classes,that day in each August also affirms my sense of belonging—a sense that lam claiming a right just as other students do when they.board the school bus or walk to campus.
Since it was passed over thirty-five years ago,the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) has required state and local schools receiving federal funding to provide students with disabilities with a free appropriate public education (FAPE).Currently,over 6 million students across the country with various types of disabilities benefit from the IDEA's protections.But parents and school districts have contested exactly what that actually requires.
The case arose,after the parents of Endrew F.,a student with autism,decided his school was not doing enough to educate their son.Each year from preschool to fourth grade,the school district renewed Endrew's individual education goals without making substantial（大量的）changes.This suggested the plan was failing to help make meaningful progress.
Eventually,Endrew's parents enrolled him in a private school,where he improved significantly through a new plan designed to address specific behaviors and goals.When his parents attempted to re-enroll Endrew in public school againthe district offered a version of its previous plan.The school district argued that was sufficient because it provided Endrew "some" educational benefit.
IDEA empowers（使有能力）students with disabilities to aim high with support from school administrators and input from parents.For me,the Act did just that.From preschool through twelfth grade,I received my right to accommodations such as enlarged papers,a seat in the front of the classroom,and support from vision and mobility specialists outside the classroom.At the same time,my parents,like Endrew's,demanded that my disability should not stop me from becoming independent.Each year,they met with school officials to insist on adjustments to my learning plan as necessary.
1、What's the purpose of Paragraph 1?
A．To introduce the theme of the passage.
B．To show the importance of the first school day for disabled students.
C．To show the difference between disabled students and healthy ones.
D．To reveal the author's sympathy towards disabled students.
2、What can we know from the passage?
A．Parents often doubt the benefit of IDEA．
B．The IDEA has many difficulties in practicing.
C．Endrew's education goals remain the same every year.

D．Disabled students can't make progress in public schools.
3、By taking the example of Endrew,the author means to_______.
A．discuss whether the IDEA applies to children with autism
B．argue Endrew is not suitable for studying in public schools
C．illustrate public schools should do more to help disabled students
D．show public schools lack experience in helping students make progress
4、What's the author's attitude towards IDEA according to the passage?
A．Disapproving. B．Approving.
C．Objective. D．Unconcerned.
22．（8分）It's thought that around 5 trillion pieces of plastic are currently floating in our oceans.
Both mammals and fish benefit from clean oceans. It is reported that more than 8 million tons of plastic end up in our oceans every year, and nearly half of the plastic we produce is single-use only.
This shoe brand, however, is riding the wave of change and is on a mission to help clean up our waters and rid the sea of plastic bottles that can take up to 400 years to break down. Vivobarefoot's newest footwear uses recycled plastic materials and has created an education program that spreads awareness about how harmful plastic is for sea life.
Every pair of shoes is made up of 17 plastic water bottles taken from the ocean and turned into a sustainable, comfortable pair of shoes, which are also healthy for your feet. And while not everyone can take part in ocean cleanups, choosing little ways we can give back to our planet goes a long way.
Vivobarefoot's new products include a variety of high-performance styles such as casual sneakers, running shoes, and hiking boots. The brand hopes that its latest initiative（首创精神）will help lessen the indifference to pollution and how harmful it is for all living beings.
In the future, Vivobarefoot hopes to increase their production of shoes created from sustainable materials, and thankfully, they are now one of many brands that aim to increase environmentalism and educate communities on how global warming affects everyone.
This year, they'll add more recyclable and traceable materials into more than half of their production line, and they have plenty of creative developments in the works as well.
The shoes also have a health benefit. Based on the concept that wider, minimally designed shoes enable our foot to function at maximum potential, wearers also experience better balance and sensory input.
1、How does the author make his point convincing?
A．By listing figures. B．By telling a story.
C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons.
2、What is Vivobarefoot doing to help with the marine creatures?
A．Donating money to buy food for them.
B．Keeping the oceans free from plastic bottles.
C．Producing more shoes from sustainable materials.
D．Raising public awareness of recycling and reuse.
3、What is probably Vivobarefoot's operation philosophy?
A．Customer-focused. B．Service-oriented
C．Money-saving. D．Environmentally-friendly.
4、Which of the following is True according to the text?
A．Vivobarefoot's new products haven't been released.
B．Vivobarefoot is the most popular shoe brand in the world.
C．Vivobarefoot cares about not only its business but also public services.
D．Vivobarefoot is the first company to find the new function of waste materials.
23．（8分）When we think about endangered species, we typically think of mammals such as whales, tigers or pandas. But the over 5, 500 of mammal species on Earth is a relatively poor number—and it pales in comparison with bacteria, of which there are at least a million different species.
Despite their vast numbers, little research has been done to understand the impact that modern human practices have on these tiny organisms（生物）, which have an important influence on many aspects of our lives.
There are also reasons for concern over the way humans are affecting bacterial species, and in many cases we are causing the same type of problems that affect larger organisms. Bacterial population structures are definitely changing, and bacterial species are being transported to new locations. Perhaps some bacteria are even on their way to extinction, although we don’t really have enough information to be certain yet.
Why should we care if bacteria are being spread to new places? Besides the obvious potential for spreading diseases to humans, animals and crops, there are also hidden dangers.
Microorganisms are invisible to the naked eye, so we tend to ignore them and don’t necessarily appreciate their role in how the planet operates. Bacteria are very important to biogeochemistry—the cycling of nutrition and other chemicals through ecosystems. For instance, before humans invented a way to make fertilizer industrially, every single nitrogen（氮）atom in our proteins and DNA had to be chemically caught by a bacterial cell before it could be taken in by plants and then enter the human food chain. The oxygen we breathe is largely made by microorganisms in the oceans rather than mainly by rainforests, as is opposite to common belief.
Our effects on bacteria have the potential to change these basic bacterial functions. It is vital to gain a better understanding of how humans are affecting microorganisms’ distribution, their abundance, and their life-keeping processes. Although bacteria are invisible, we overlook them at our own risk.
1、What can be learned about the bacteria according to the text?
A．Their population is becoming larger.
B．Some of them may become endangered species.
C．They only cause great threat to other creatures.
D．Much attention has been drawn to their researches.
2、What was the first step of the cycling of a nitrogen atom before entering our body?
A．Being caught by a bacterial cell. B．Entering the human food chain.
C．Being transported by humans. D．Being taken in by plants.
3、Where is the majority of oxygen produced according to the text?
A．In the human food chain. B．In the rainforest.
C．In the mountains. D．In the oceans.
4、Which part of the newspaper is the text probably taken from?
A．Science and technology. B．Health and medicine.
C．Agriculture and animals. D．Environment and energy.
24．（8分）By trying to tickle(挠痒痒) rats and recording how their nerve cells respond, Shimpei Ishiyama and his adviser are discovering a mystery that has puzzled thinkers since Aristotle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals.
It turns out that Aristotle was wrong. In their study published on Thursday, Ishiyama and his adviser Michael Brecht found that rats squeaked and jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies. These signs of joy changed according to their moods. And for the first time, they discovered a special group of nerve cells. These nerve cells made this feeling so powerful that it causes an individual being tickled to lose control.
To make sure that he had indeed found a place in the brain where tickling was processed, Ishiyama then stimulated(刺激) that area with electrical currents. The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds.
“It’s truly ground-breaking,” said Jeffrey Burgdorf, a neuroscientist at Northwestern University who reviewed the paper. “It takes the study of emotion to a new level.”
Burgdorf has played a central role in our understanding of animal tickling. He was part of a team that first noticed, in the late 1990s, that rats made special noises when they were experiencing social pleasure. Others had already noted that rats repeatedly made short and high sounds during meals. But the lab where Burgdorf worked noticed that they emitted similar sounds while playing. And so one day, the senior scientist in the lab said, “Let’s go and tickle some rats.” They quickly found that those cries of pleasure doubled.
“The authors have been very adventurous,” said Daniel O’Connor, a neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins University who studies touch. To him, that finding was very surprising.
“Why does the world literally feel different when you are stressed out?” he said. “This is the first step towards answering that question It gives us a way to approach it with experimental rigor(严谨).”
1、What contributed to humans’ being ticklish according to Aristotle?
A．Their special skin. B．Their social pleasure.
C．Their nervous system. D．Their willingness to touch.
2、Why did the researchers make use of electrical currents?
A．To discover the special group of nerve cells.
B．To experiment on different animals.
C．To follow the process of tickling.
D．To prove their finding.
3、Which of the following statements will Jeffrey Burgdorf agree with?
A．The research process is full of risks.
B．The finding of the study is surprising and unbelievable.
C．The new discovery is beneficial for the study of emotion.
D．The finding of the study actually contradicts modern science.
4、The underlined word “squeak” in Paragraph 2 may be explained by ______.
A．give a smile B．make a noise
C．burst into tears D．watch with