浙江新高考英语作文指津.doc

浙江新高考英语作文指津
专题一 读后续写
[选材特点]
1．所需阅读的短文词数在 350 以内；
2．多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主，故事情节有曲折、有起伏，但是，故事线索的逻辑性比较强。
[评分参考]
阅卷时主要考虑以下内容： 1．与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；
2．内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的覆盖情况；
3．应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性； 4．上下文的连贯性。注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；
2．应使用 5 个以上(即至少 6 个)短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后请用下划线(单下划直线即可)标出你所使用的关键词语。
[写作步骤]
1．精读文章，确定文章线索，如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等，这有利于“顺藤摸瓜”。
2．仔细审题，明确续写要求，如字数限制、使用几处下划线关键词语、续写段落的首句提示等，做到“心中有数”。
3．回扣原文，想象续写内容。快速回读短文，揣摩文章的思路，结合段首的提示语和划线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
4．拟写草稿，修改错词病句。结合提示语和文中划线的关键词拟写出草稿，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，上下文的衔接。
5．标出所使用的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语，最后誊写文字时，务必做到“字迹工整、清晰”。

[方法技巧]
1．在读懂原文的基础上，紧扣原文中心，以原文的结局为起点，写出故事情节的发展和变化。
2．对原文故事没有写出的情节展开合理的推想，打开思路。多角度地想象出几种情况或结局，并从中加以最优选择。
3．要注意前后照应，符合逻辑，防止自相矛盾。必须与上文紧密联系，使上下文融为一体。
4．原文的主要角色，续文中都要安排“戏”，但不要引进影响事件结局的新角色。
注意确保四个一致：
1．要与原文的主题或作者的本来意图保持一致。
2．要与原文的体裁、结构、写作手法保持一致。
3．要与原文的语言特点和叙事风格保持一致。
4．主要人物的思想行为、性格特点要与原文保持一致。

[写作要求]
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day.As he walked along Park Avenue near the First National Bank，he heard the sound of someone trying to start a car.He tried again and again but couldn't get the car moving.Arthur turned and looked inside at the face of a young man who looked worried.Arthur stopped and asked，“It looks like you've got a problem，”Arthur said.
“I'm afraid so.I'm in a big hurry and I can't start my car.”
“Is there something I can do to help？”Arthur asked.The young man looked at the two suitcases in the back seat and then said，“Thanks.If you're sure it wouldn't be too much trouble，you could help me get these suitcases into a taxi.”
“No trouble at all.I'd be glad to help.”
The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat.After placing it on the ground，he turned to get the other one.Just as Arthur picked up the first suitcase and started walking，he heard the long loud noise of an alarm．
It was from the bank．There had been a robbery(抢劫)!
Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before.Now the air was filled with the sound of the alarm and the shouts of people running from all directions.Cars stopped and the passengers joined the crowd in front of the bank.People asked each other ， “What happened？” But everyone had a different answer.
Arthur，still carrying the suitcase，turned to look at the bank and walked right into the young woman in front of him.
She looked at the suitcase and then at him.Arthur was surprised. “Why is she looking at me like that ？” He thought.“The suitcase ！ She thinks I'm the bank thief！”
Arthur looked around at the crowd of people.He became frightened，and without another thought，he started to run. 注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；
2．应使用 5 个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph 1：
As he was running，Arthur heard the young man shouting behind，“Stop，stop！”

Paragraph 2：
The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur

【经典范文】
【范文一】
As he was running，Arthur heard the young man shouting behind，“Stop，stop！” And also at the moment，Arthur suddenly realized that the young man might be the bank robber．So Arthur didn't stop，but continued to run until he saw a taxi.He stopped it，jumped in with the suitcase and said to the driver，“Go to the police station， please.The man shouting behind is the bank thief ！”The taxi raced away like the wind.
The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur told the police what had happened.Obviously，the police had already learned about the robbery．They opened the suitcase and there was a large sum of money inside ， as Arthur had expected.Then the police asked Arthur to describe the young man and the other suitcase.Later，with the information，the police caught the robber.The police and the bank both thanked Arthur a lot.(Words：153)
【范文二】
As he was running，Arthur heard the young man shouting behind，“Stop，stop！” Thinking of the way the young man had behaved，he realized the young man might be the bank robber．So Arthur ran faster and stopped a taxi.The moment he got into the taxi，he told the driver the man shouting behind was the bank thief and asked him to drive to the nearest police station.The driver followed what Arthur said and drove away.
The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur thanked the driver and directly went in.Just as Arthur was describing what had happened near the bank on Park Avenue and reported the young man to the police，he heard a voice outside，
“Help！Help！” To the surprise of Arthur，it was the young man.He had followed Arthur in another taxi.It turned out that the young man was innocent and inside the suitcases were just some clothes.Arthur felt embarrassed but the policemen thanked him anyway.(Words：158)
专题二 概要写作
写概要时，读者要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。 [选材特点]
1．所需阅读的短文词数在 350 以内；
2．所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。
[评分参考]
阅卷时主要考虑以下内容： 1．对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；
2．应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；
3．上下文的连贯性； 4．对各要点表达的独立性情况。
注意：理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分相应比较高。相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄
自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。
[写作步骤]
1．仔细阅读原文，掌握文章的主旨大意。在阅读过程中，要注意搜寻要点，如议论文中的论点、论据，记叙文中的发展、高潮、结局等。
2．列出文章的要点和各段落的主题句。可以用下划线标记，也可做笔记，将要点逐一列出。
3．分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述，并注意在结构上的顺序。
4．写出初稿。根据列出的要点和对原文的理解，用自己的语言组织内容，尝试写出概要。
5．修改、定稿。认真阅读初稿，对照原文，检查是否漏掉重要内容。检查并确定拼写、语法、标点正确无误。检查是否符合规定的词数要求。
[方法技巧]
在掌握一定的解题步骤后，为了顺利完成概要写作，学生在写作时还需要注
意以下方法技巧。
1．要点齐全。概要写作主要考查学生概括文章主旨大意和准确获取关键信息的能力，关键信息获取不准确往往导致所写概要要点不齐全。要点全面是评分的重要方面，因此学生要训练自己的语篇能力和阅读能力，既把握文本的整体和部分又把握它们之间的逻辑关系。
2．精练简洁。精练指的是概括的内容要高度浓缩。学生可以利用概括的方法对文本内容进行提炼，用删略的方法去换不重要或者不必要的细节。简洁指的是所使用的语言简练。学生可以用抽象的、概括性的语言代替具体形象的语言。
3．灵活转换。语言转换就是用不同的词或句式来表达与原有表达内容相同的意义，且重新表达后能做到简单易懂。灵活转换包括语言换说和句子重构。语言换说可以通过同义、近义和反义变换来替换需要被替换的词汇；句子重构可以改变原有句子中个别词和词组在句子中充当的语法成分或变换句式来实现。
注意确保四个一定：
1．一定要使用第三人称。
2．一定不可加入自己的观点。
3．一定不可对原文内容加以评论。
4．一定不要引入与原文内容无关的信息。

[写作要求]
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing.However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the King of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry Ⅳ，King of France，was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the King ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long­lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century.Scientifically speaking， cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea： Clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first­time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist (免疫学家)， encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter (后者) position is gaining some ground.
【经典范文】
People have mixed opinions about dirt on our skin.(要点 1)For a long time in history，people of some European countries believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.(要点 2)However，people began to change their attitudes towards dirt about 200 years ago.People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.(要点 3) Yet，some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.(要点 4)
【范文点拨】
(一)要点分析
1．文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句，亮明了总的观点：“However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.”换句话说：“Different people have different attitudes towards dirt.”再结合下文谈到的主题可知“Different people have different attitudes towards dirt on the skin.” 范文中的要点 1“People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin.”概括非常精练。
2．第二段主要谈到了在 16 世纪，人们认为“dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease”尤以英、法两国的贵族为代表。结合第三段第一句“Though the belief in the merit(好处) of dirt was long­lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century.”可知，直到 18 世纪之前，人们都认为 dirt
是很“友好的”，有助于预防疾病。范文中的要点 2“For a long time in history，
people of some European countries believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.”
很好地总结了这些要点。
3 ．第三段用 “Though” 引出人们对 dirt 观点的转变“...since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health.”再结合本段最后一部分 “Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea...” 可得出要点 3“However ， people began to change their attitudes towards dirt about 200 years ago.People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.”
4．文章最后一段第一句指出，现在人们对于 dirt 的态度还是有所不同，“On the contrary”引出专家的观点，一位免疫学家认为 dirt 有助于增强免疫系统。这一观点得到了一些支持。范文中的要点 4“Yet，some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.”表达很恰切。
(二)要点连接
文章概要，在写完了要点之后，下一步的工作就是要把这些要点用适当的连接词进行连接，使上下句之间具有连贯性。本篇文章整篇结构是总分结构，要点 2 和要点 3 在观点上截然相反，因此，两者之间需要表示转折的连接词，范文用了“However”恰到好处。要点 3 和要点 4 在观点上又存在不同，因此，范文用了连接词“Yet”。
专题三 应用文写作
类型1| 书信/电子邮件

英文书信通常由下列五个部分组成：
1．信头(Heading)。包括写信人地址和写信日期，通常写在信笺的右上角。在比较熟识的朋友之间的通信，写信人的地址常可省略。
2．称呼(Salutation)。指写信人对收信人的称呼，如 Dear Xiaojun，写在日期下一两行，顶格写，称呼后面可用逗号，也可用冒号，一般用 Dear...或 My dear... 开头。
3．正文(Body)。这是书信的主体部分，即写信人要表达的内容。正文一般在称呼下方隔两行处开始写，正文的首行左边一般留约 5 个字母宽的空白。
4．结束语(Complimentary Close)。它是书信结尾的恭维话，相当于中文书信最后的“祝好”、“致礼”之类的话语。如“Best wishes”等。
5．签名(Signature)。签名通常签在结束语下方的中间偏右的位置，在签名的上方可根据写信人和收信人的关系写 Sincerely yours/Yours sincerely(用于长辈或朋友之间)，或 Respectfully yours/Yours respectfully(用于对长辈或上级)，注意开
头字母要大写，末尾要用逗号。

假如你叫李华，你的一位朋友 John 刚从国外归来，邀请你参加本周日在他
家举办的朋友聚会，但你不能参加。请你根据以下要点给他写一封电子邮件：
1．表达想参加的意愿；
2．忙于准备高考；
3．由于感冒，身体不适； 4．表示歉意并另约时间。注意：
1．词数 80 左右；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．参考词汇：高考 the College Entrance Examination
[习作评阅]——自我修改三档作文
Dear John，
I am extremely sorry to tell you that I am unable to go to your party this Sunday.
It is very kind ①for you to invite me to your house and I look forward to ②go to your party and ③ share your experiences abroad. To my regret，I will ④absent from your party because ⑤ of the College Entrance
Examination is just around the corner，and I am now really busy ⑥prepare for it.What's worse，I ⑦ caught a bad cold lately and I am really not myself.
Anyway，we ⑧ have many more chances to get
1.避免搭配错误 ①把 for 改为 of 2.杜绝语法错误
②go 改为 going
③share 改为 sharing
④添加 be 动词
⑤删除介词 of
⑥把 prepare 改为 preparing
⑦改为现在完成时 have
caught
⑧改为一般将来时 will have 3.要点一定不要遗漏补上⑨处要点：Shall we
together.⑨ (让我们把时间定在考试之
后行吗？)I am truly sorry and hope you will accept my apology.
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours， Li Hua
make it after the exam？
[自我提升]——向极优作文迈进
Dear John，
I am extremely sorry to tell you that I am unable to go to your party this Sunday. It is very kind of you to invite me to your
house and I ① look forward to

going to your party and sharing your ② experiences abroad.

③ to my regret，I will be absent

from your party ④ because the College Entrance Exam ination is just around the corner，⑤and I am now really busy preparing for it.⑥ ，I have caught a bad cold lately and I am really not myself.
Anyway，we will have many more chances to get together.Shall we make it after the exam? I am truly sorry and hope you will accept my
⑦ apology.

I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours， Li Hua
1.高级词汇在⑥处加入适当过渡词 What's worse
2.高级句型把④改为 with 复合结构：with the
College Entrance Examination just around the corner
把⑤改为介词＋关系代词引导
的定语从句：for which I am now really busy preparing
3.一定的修辞意识在下面标号后写出相应的修饰词
①really
②happy
③Much
⑦sincere
类型2| 建议信

1．写作目的：建议信的写作目的是提出建议或忠告，观点要合情合理，注意礼貌当先。
2．写作方法
(1)首段：
a．简介自己，不要啰嗦； b．说明目的，注意语气。
(2)主体：
a．提出具体建议；
b．首先肯定优点，再写需改进内容，否则变成投诉信； c．经常进行交流，注意对方感受，时时提升你和我，否则容易跑题写成议
论文，因为内容与议论文相似。
(3)尾段：总结建议，注意礼貌，盼望回复。

假如你叫李华，你的英国朋友 Andrew 下个月要来你校学习两个月。他来信请你对他上学期间的交通方式提出建议。现在，请你用英语回一封信，按以下各点答复：
1．建议骑自行车上学；
2．自行车是学生常用的交通工具；
3．骑自行车的一些好处； 4．骑自行车需注意的问题。注意：词数 80 左右。 [习作评阅]——自我修改三档作文
Dear Andrew，
As for the question about the transportation to and

from school，I'd like to recommend your riding ① bicycle.Here are some reasons.
② (骑自行车上、下学在学生中是很常见的。)As is well­known，buying or repairing a bicycle doesn't cost a lot.And parking a bicycle is easy in our school.Bicycle­riding is also a way to do ③exercises and protect the environment.What you should do ④careful is just to keep an appropriate speed while riding and lock it after you're off it.⑤By this way， you'll feel it simple and ⑥relax to ride a bicycle while you're here.
Hopefully，these tips could be helpful.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
1.避免词汇搭配错误
④处 careful 改为 carefully
⑤处 By 改为 In 2.杜绝语法错误
①处添加冠词 a
③处 exercises 改为 exercise
⑥处 relax 改为 relaxing
3.要点一定不要遗漏
补上②处要点：Riding a bike to
and from school is very common among the students.
[自我提升]——向极优作文迈进
Dear Andrew，
As for the question about the transportation to and from school，I'd like to recommend your riding a bicycle.Here are some reasons. Firstly，①riding a bike to and from school is very common among the students，for buying or repairing a bicycle doesn't cost a lot.Next，parking a bicycle is easy and ② (便利的)in

our school.③ (事实上)，bicycle­riding is also a ④

(实用的)way to do exercise and protect the environment.What you should do carefully is just to keep an appropriate speed while riding and lock it after you're off it.In this way，you'll feel it simple and relaxing to ride a bicycle while you're here.
Hopefully，these tips could be helpful.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
1.高级词汇
②convenient
③Actually/As a matter of fact ④practical
2.高级句型
用 it is common practice to do... 改写句①加黑
部分：it is
common
practice for the students to ride a bike to and from school
类型3| 申请信

1．申请信的写作要求
(1)应符合英语信件的格式，表达方式符合英语习惯；
(2)申请人的语气要自信而不傲慢，礼貌而不卑微，即不卑不亢，恰如其分；
(3)应写得简明流畅，言简意赅。 2．申请信写法：
开头：说明写信目的(申请原因)，信息来源，对所申请工作或学校的认识，
自己的打算。
主体：着重介绍自己的背景(教育情况，工作经历，兴趣爱好，特长等)。求职信先介绍工作经验，要突出个人能力及工作业绩；求学信要重点介绍自己受教育程度。总之，要努力使自己的介绍引起对方的兴趣。
结尾：表达自己的愿望，如希望得到面试机会等，语气要自信而坚定。

假如你是我市一名高三学生李华，你打算报考一所外语学院。你在网上看到上海外国语学院的招生信息(admission information)，并对此非常感兴趣。根据招
生要求，你需要用英语撰写一份个人申请报告，内容应包括：
1．记述自己的个性特长及取得的成果； 2．说明进入大学后的努力方向及设想等。
词数：80 左右。 [习作评阅]——自我修改三档作文
Dear Sir or Madam，
I read about the admission information while I ① am surfing the net the other day.I'm interested in it.

For one thing，I can get on well with all my classmates.For another，I do well in ② my most subjects，especially in English.I like reading English poems and ③ enjoying English movies.Speeches，④deliver by famous people are also my favorite.I once won the first prize in an English speech contest held in our city ⑤ was honored the Best Speaker for my performances. English