河南专升本英语：语法复习专题四-冠_词.doc

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冠 词
一、a与one的对比
1. 尽管a和one这两个在意义上有些相似，但它们几乎不能互换使用。
2. 在连续记数时，习惯上，用one而不用a。
3. 在名词前使用one往往表示数量上的对比。
4. 用在某些固定词组中。
e.g. all of a sudden（突然），as a matter of fact（事实上），in a hurry，in a word，do sb. a favour，pay a visit to，a hand of（少量的），a length of（一根、一段），a variety of（种种），a depth of（深度为），an article of（一件），a total of（总共），an average of（平均），one by one，one after another，one day
二、不定冠词的基本用法
1. 具有泛指的概念，表示“一类”或“其中的一个”。
2. 初次提到某人或某物。
3. 速度、比率、价格等，其意义相等于one或every。
4. 用在某些物质名词前，该物质名词便具体化了。
a coffee, a heavy rain
5. 用在某些抽象名词前，该抽象名词前便具体化了。
He has a knowledge of chemistry. The get-together was a great success.
6. 用在专有名词前，表示类似的一个或某一个。
He is a Kong Fansen. A Mrs Smith wishes to speak to you.
7. 表示“同一个”的意思。
The two boys are of an age.
These umbrellas are of a (=the same) colour and size.
8. 不定冠词的特殊位置：how/so/as/too+形容词+不定冠词+名词
so kind a man = such a kind man too difficult a book
三、定冠词的主要用法
1. 表示特指和第二次提到的人或物。
2. 表示世界上独一无二的事物。
3. 用在序数词、形容词最高级前面。
4. 用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前。
5. 用在形容词或过去分词前表示一类人。
6. 用在表示国家和民族的形容词前表示泛指该国的人民。
7. 用在姓氏的复数前，表示该夫妇俩或全家人。
8. 乐器、通讯设备前一定要加定冠词。
9. 用于某些缩略词之前。 the PRC
10. 用在表示发明物的单数可数名词之前。
11. 固定搭配。 in the morning on the other hand
四、不用冠词的几种情况
1. 季节、节日、星期、三餐等之前，一般不加冠词。
the Spring Festival （除外）
2. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时，一般不加冠词。
3. 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加。
4. 球类、棋类、学科等名称前，一般不加冠词。
5. 称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前，不加冠词。
6. 在与by连用交通工具名称前不加冠词。]
7. 在turn，go（变成、成为）变成后面的名词做短语时，名词前不加冠词。但become后面的名词前一定要加冠词。
8. 在一个以“普通名词+as”所引导的让步状语从句中，该普通名词前不加冠词。
9. 泛指复数名词前不用冠词。
10. 固定搭配。
in debt，in good (bad) health，in good condition，in great demand，in great need of，in time of danger，in office（就职），in honour of，in trouble (difficulty)，in favour of，with anger，in general，in size，in character（在性格上），in sight，in (out of) order，on business，on holiday， on leave，on watch，on fire，heart and soul，knife and fork，at sea，husband and wife，brother and sister，from morning till night，on horseback
五、特殊情况
1. 部分词组中有冠词和没有冠词其含义不同。一般说来，名词前
无冠词，则表示抽象意义；名词前有冠词，则表示具体意义。
out of problem（不成问题），out of the problem（不可能），take place，take the place of，in hospital，in the hospital，at table，at the table，in front of，in the front of，three of us，the three of us，on earth，on the earth，of age（成年），of an age（同岁数），lose colour（脸色苍白），lose the colour（褪色），
2. 有些诉组中用定冠词the还是不定冠词a ，意义不同。
a number of the number of
3. 注意当单数可数名词被so、as、how、too等词修饰时，冠词的位置要放在形容词后面。比较such。
4. 注意习惯用法。在某些词组、成语中，名词前不用冠词。
六、表示类别的三种情况
1. 定冠词+单数可数名词（用特指的那一类事物代表一类事物）。
2. 不定冠词+单数可数名词（用“任意一个”“某一个”所具有的特性、特征表示一类事物）。
3. 可数名词复数或不可数名词，指“类别”。（考虑到同一类中的各个情况）。
专题练习
冠词
1. Jumping out of ________ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ________ exciting experience.
A./; the　　 B./; an　 C.an; an　　 D.the; the
2. There’s ________ dictionary on ________ desk by your side.
A.a; the B.a; a C.the; a D.the; the
3. An accident happened at ________ crossroads a few meters away from ________ bank.
A.a; a B./; a C./; the D.the; /
4.The warmth of ________ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ________ wool used.
A.the; the B.the; / C./; the D./; /
5.Mr.Li will give us ________ talk.________ talk will begin at 8:00.
A.a; The B.the; A C./; /　 D.a; A
6.The sun gives us ________ heat and ________ light.
A.the; the B.a; a C.a; the D./; /
7.—What do you need in dinner?
—I need ________.
A.a knife and a fork B.a knife and fork
C.the knife and fork D.the knife and the fork
8.________ Mrs.Smith is waiting for you in your office.
A.The B.A C.One D./
9.She’s on ________ People’s Daily.
A.the B.an C.a D./
10._____ Einsteins could not pay for _____ advanced education that young Albert needed.
A.The; the B.A; a C.An; the D.The; an
11.She is ________ newcomer to ________ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.
A.the; the B.the; a C.a; / D.a; the
12.—Where is Jack?
—I think he is still in ________ bed，but he might be in ________ bathroom.
A./; / B.the; the C.the; / D./; the
13.I don’t like talking on ________ telephone; I prefer writing ________ letters.
A.a; the B.a; / C.the; the D.the; /
14.Many people are still in ________ habit of writing silly things in ________ public places.
A.the; the B./; / C.the; / D./; the
15.—If you don’t like the red coat，take the blue one.
—OK，but do you have ________ size in blue? This one is a bit tight for me.
A.a big B.a bigger C.the big D.the bigger
16.I heard somebody playing ________ piano in ________ next room.
A.a; a B.the; the C.a; the D.the; an
17.________ Pacific Ocean is ________ largest of all.
A.the; a B./; the C.the; the D.a; /
18.Great changes have taken place in ________ 1990’s.
A./ B.a C.the D.an
19.Wouldn’t it be ____ wonderful world if all nations lived in _____ peace with one another?
A.a; / B.the; / C.a; the D.the; the
20.Alexander Graham Bell invented ________ telephone in 1876.
A./ B.a C.the D.one
21.In 1864，Lincoln was elected _____ President of ____ United States for the second time.
A.the; the B.a; a C./; the D./; /
22.John is ________ university student.
A./ B.any C.a D.an
23.The table is made of ________.
A.a wood B.some wood C.the wood D.wood
24.We are going to learn ________ next week.
A.Twelfth Lesson B.The Twelfth Lesson
C.Twelve Lesson D.The Twelve Lesson
25.—I’d like ________ information about the management of your hotel，please.
—Well，you could have ________ word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A.some; a B.an; some C.some; some　 D.an; a
26.Paper money was in _______ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ____ thirteenth century.
A.the; / B.the; the C./; the D./; /
27.Most animals have little connection with ________ animals of ________ different kind unless they kill them for food.
A.the; a B./; a C.the; the D./; the
28.Alice is fond of playing _____ piano while Henry is interested in listening to _____ music.
A./; the B./; / C.the; / D.the; the
29.Oh，John.________ you gave us!
A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surprise
C.What a pleasant surprise D.What pleasant surprise
30.________ terrible weather we’ve been having these days!
A.How a B.What a C.How D.What
31.Many people agree that _____ knowledge of English is a must in ____ international trade today.
A.a; / B.the; an C.the; the D./; the
32.Beyond ________ stars，the astronaut saw nothing but ________ space.
A.the; / B./; the C./; / D.the; the
33.—Have you seen ________ pen? I left it here this morning.
—Is it ________ black one? I think I saw it some where.
A.a; the B.the; the C.a; a D.the; a
34.After watching ________ TV，she played ________ violin for an hour.
A./; / B.the; the C.the; / D./; the
35.—Are you sure to help me find ________ bed for my new house?
—Sure，but not now. I’m heading for ________ bed and a good sleep.
A.a; / B.a; a C.the; a D.the; /
36.Charlie Chaplin was considered one of the greatest actors in ___ history of ___ cinema.
A./; / B.a; the C.the; the D.the; a
37.—What about ________ book?
—It’s too difficult ________ book.
A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.the; a
38.Towards ________ evening ________ cold rain began to fall.
A.an; the B.the; a C.the; / D./; a
39.She always plays ________ football after ________ school.
A.a; the B.the; the C./; a D./; /
40._____ wheel is thought to be _____ invention of _____ first importance in human history.
A.A; the; the B.The; an; the C.A; an; the D.A; an; /
41.I felt someone patted me on ________ shoulder.
A.a B.the C.my D./
42.—So you are running ________ restaurant?
—Yes，but I don’t want to make it ________ restaurant only for rich people.
A.the; / B.the; the C.a; the D.a; a
43.Xi’an was ________ starting point of ________ world famous“Silk Road”.
A./;/ B.a; a C.the; / D.the; the
44.It is ten o’clock in the morning but he is still ________.
A.in the bed B.at the bed C.in bed D.on bed
45More than half of ________ water used for drinking，washing and irrigating crops comes from under ________ ground.
A.the; / B./; the C./; / D.the; the
46.At noon we reached ________ small village ________ east of ________ Summer Palace.
A.the; the; the B.a; /; the C.a; the; the D.a; /; /
47.The child had only ________ slight temperature，but the doctor regarded ________ illness as serious enough for ________ hospital treatment.
A./; /; the B.a; /; / C.a; the; / D./; the; the
48.I had ________ lunch at a friend’s house yesterday.________ food was good.
A.the; / B./; / C.the; the D./; The
49.—What is Jack going to do with all his money?
—He says he has always dreamed of taking ________ trip around ________ world.
A.a; the B.the; the C.a; / D.a; a
50.Qingdao is ________ most beautiful city in summer.
A.the B./ C.a D.one
51.Just now you said you always got to work on _______ 8 o’clock train. But would _______ later train get you to work on time?
A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.the; a
52.The building was completed in ______ September of 1956 not in ______ October,1955.
A./; the B.the; the C./;/ D.the; /
53.I would like to have _______ room，_______ window of which opens to _______ south.
A.a; the; a B.a; the; the C.a; /; / D.a; the; /
54.There is _______ house in the picture.There is _______ old woman near _______ house.
A.an; a; the B.a; an; the C.the; a; an D.a; the; an
55.________ Europe and ________ America are separated by ________ Atlantic Ocean.
A./; /; the B.the; the; the C./; /; / D.the; the; /
56.There is ________“h” in the word“honest”.
A.a B.the C./ D.an
57.________ terrible life people in the small island lived at that time!
A.What B.How C.What a D.How a
58.Father often says to me,“Be _____ honest boy today and _____ useful man tomorrow.”
A.a; a B.an; an C.a; an D.an; a
59.Things of ______ kind come together; people of _____ kind fall into _____ same group.
A.the; the; the B.a; a; the C.the; the; a D.a; the; the
60.________ Suez Canal brought ________ east and ________ west closer.
A.The; the; the B./; the; the C.The; /; / D./; /; /
1~5 CAABA 6~10 DBBAA 11~15 CDDCB 16~20 BCCAC
21~25 CCDBA 26~30 CBCCD 31~35 AACDA 36~40 CDDDB
41~45 BDDCD 46~50 BCDAC 51~55 DDBBA 56~60 DCDBA
【解析】
1.全句意为“在一万英尺的高空从飞机上跳下来真是一种激动人心的经历”。
2.全句意为“你旁边的桌上有一本词典”。
3.两个空都是表示泛指。
4.第一空用定冠词表示类别；第二空后的名词wool是不可数名词，故前面用零冠词。
7.a knife and fork是“一副刀叉”的意思。
10.姓的复数前加定冠词可表示“某某一家人或某某夫妇”；第二空是特指小Albert需要的高等教育。
12.第一空泛指“一个美妙的世界”，第二空的in peace是固定短语。
16.in the habit of意为“有……的习惯”,in public places意为“在公共场合”。
17.泛指“一件尺码更大的”。
25．information是不可数名词，have a word with意为“和……说句话”。
31.a knowledge of意为“知道/懂得一点……”，international trade泛指“国际贸易”,前面不用冠词。
35.find a bed意为“找到一张床”,第二空后的bed为抽象名词，意为“就寝、睡觉”，故不用冠词。
37.根据上下文的语气，第一空显然是表示特指(双方都知道指的是那一本书)；第二空则是说“这是一本很难的书”，因为与too连用，故将形容词提前。
41.接触到某人的某个部位，英语中习惯上在部位名词前用定冠词，不用人称代词。
42.两空都是表示特指。
46.第一空表示泛指，第三空表示特指，第二空是一个名词结构作状语，故其前面不用冠词。
50.各人观点不同，谁也无法断定青岛就是夏天最美的地方，故在most beautiful前用不定冠词，这时的a most相当于very的含义。
57.live a…life是“过着……的生活”的意思。
59.此句为一谚语，“物以类聚，人以群分”。