MATLAB7基本函数.doc

MATLAB图像处理工具箱函数
MATLAB图像处理工具箱函数
表1 通用函数
函数
功能
语法
colorbar
显示颜色条
colorbar
colorbar(...,'peer',axes_handle)
colorbar(axes_handle)
colorbar('location')
colorbar(...,'PropertyName',propertyvalue)
cbar_axes = colorbar(...)
getimage
从坐标轴取得图像数据
A = getimage(h)
[x,y,A] = getimage(h)
[...,A,flag] = getimage(h)
[...] = getimage
image
创建并显示图像对象
image(C)
image(x,y,C)
image(...,'PropertyName',PropertyValue,...)
image('PropertyName',PropertyValue,...) Formal syntax - PN/PV only
handle = image(...)
imagesc
按图像显示数据矩阵
imagesc(C)
imagesc(x,y,C)
imagesc(...,clims)
h = imagesc(...)
imshow
显示图像
imshow(I,n)
imshow(I,[low high])
imshow(BW)
imshow(X,map)
imshow(RGB)
imshow(…,display_option)
imshow(x,y,A,…)
imshow filename
h = imshow(…)
imview
利用图像浏览器显示图像
imview(I)
imview(RGB)
imview(X,map)
imview(I,range)
imview(filename)
imview(...,'InitialMagnification',initial_mag)
h = imview(...)
imview close all
montage
在矩形框中同时显示多帧图像
montage(I)
montage(BW)
montage(X,map)
montage(RGB)
h = montage(...)
immovie
创建多帧索引色图像的电影动画
mov = immovie(X,map)
mov = immovie(RGB)
subimage
在一个图形中显示多个图像，结合函数subplot使用
subimage(X,map)
subimage(I)
subimage(BW)
subimage(RGB)
subimage(x,y,...)
h = subimage(...)
truesize
调整图像显示尺寸
truesize(fig,[mrows mcols])
truesize(fig)
wrap
将图像显示到纹理映射表面
warp(X,map)
warp(I,n)
warp(BW)
warp(RGB)
warp(z,...)
warp(x,y,z,...)
h = warp(...)
zoom
缩放图像或图形
zoom on
zoom off
zoom out
zoom reset
zoom
zoom xon
zoom yon

zoom(factor)
zoom(fig, option)
表2 图像文件I/O函数
函数
功能
语法
imfinfo
返回图像文件信息
info = imfinfo(filename,fmt)
info = imfinfo(filename)
imread
从图像文件中读取图像
A = imread(filename,fmt)
[X,map] = imread(filename,fmt)
[...] = imread(filename)
[...] = imread(URL,...)
[...] = imread(...,idx)
(CUR, GIF ICO, and TIFF only)
[...] = imread(..., 'PixelRegion', { ROWS, COLS }) (TIFF only)
[...] = imread(...,'frames',idx) (GIF only)
[...] = imread(...,ref) (HDF only)
[...] = imread(...,'BackgroundColor',BG)
(PNG only)
[A,map,alpha] = imread(...)
(ICO, CUR, and PNG only)
imwrite
把图像写入图像文件中
imwrite(A,filename,fmt)
imwrite(X,map,filename,fmt)
imwrite(...,filename)
imwrite(...,Param1,Val1,Param2,Val2...)
表3 空间变换函数
函数
功能
语法
findbounds
为空间变换寻找输出边界
outbounds = findbounds(TFORM,inbounds)
fliptform
切换空间变换结构的输入和输出角色
TFLIP = fliptform(T)
imcrop
剪切图像
I2 = imcrop(I)
X2 = imcrop(X,map)
RGB2 = imcrop(RGB)
I2 = imcrop(I,rect)
X2 = imcrop(X,map,rect)
RGB2 = imcrop(RGB,rect)
[...] = imcrop(x,y,...)
[A,rect] = imcrop(...)
[x,y,A,rect] = imcrop(...)
imresize
图像缩放
B = imresize(A,m)
B = imresize(A,m,method)
B = imresize(A,[mrows ncols],method)

B = imresize(...,method,n)
B = imresize(...,method,h)
imrotate
图像旋转
B = imrotate(A,angle)
B = imrotate(A,angle,method)
B = imrotate(A,angle,method,bbox)
interp2
2-D数据插值
ZI = interp2(X,Y,Z,XI,YI)
ZI = interp2(Z,XI,YI)
ZI = interp2(Z,ntimes)
ZI = interp2(X,Y,Z,XI,YI,method)
imtransform
对图像进行2-D空间变换
B = imtransform(A,TFORM)
B = imtransform(A,TFORM,INTERP)
[B,XDATA,YDATA] = imtransform(...)
[B,XDATA,YDATA] = imtransform(..., param1, val1, param2, val2,...)
makeresampler
生成重采样结构
R = makeresampler(interpolant,padmethod)
maketform
生成几何变换结构
T = maketform(transformtype,...)
tformarray
多维数组的空间变换
B = tformarray(A, T, R, TDIMS_A, TDIMS_B, TSIZE_B, TMAP_B,F)
tformfwd
正向空间变换
[X,Y] = tformfwd(T,U,V)
[X1,X2,X3,...] = tformfwd(T,U1,U2,U3,...)
X = tformfwd(T,U)
[X1,X2,X3,...] = tformfwd(T,U)
X = tformfwd(T,U1,U2,U3,...)
tforminv
逆向空间变换
U = tforminv(X,T)
表4 像素和统计处理函数
函数
功能
语法
corr2
计算两个矩阵的2-D相关系数
r = corr2(A,B)
imcontour
创建图像的轮廓图
imcontour(I)
imcontour(I,n)
imcontour(I,v)
imcontour(x,y,...)
imcontour(...,LineSpec)
[C,h] = imcontour(...)
imhist
显示图像的直方图
imhist(I,n)
imhist(X,map)
[counts,x] = imhist(...)
impixel
确定像素颜色值
P = impixel(I)
P = impixel(X,map)
P = impixel(RGB)
P = impixel(I,c,r)
P = impixel(X,map,c,r)
P = impixel(RGB,c,r)
[c,r,P] = impixel(...)
P = impixel(x,y,I,xi,yi)
P = impixel(x,y,X,map,xi,yi)
P = impixel(x,y,RGB,xi,yi)
[xi,yi,P] = impixel(x,y,...)
improfile
沿线段计算剖面图的像素值
c = improfile
c = improfile(n)
c = improfile(I,xi,yi)
c = improfile(I,xi,yi,n)
[cx,cy,c] = improfile(...)
[cx,cy,c,xi,yi] = improfile(...)
[...] = improfile(x,y,I,xi,yi)
[...] = improfile(x,y,I,xi,yi,n)
[...] = improfile(...,method)
mean2
求矩阵元素平均值
B = mean2(A)
pixval
显示图像像素信息
pixval on
pixval off
pixval
pixval(fig,option)
pixval(ax,option)
pixval(H,option)
regionprops
得到图像区域属性
STATS = regionprops(L,properties)
std2
计算矩阵元素的标准偏移
b = std2(A)
表5 图像分析函数
函数
功能
语法
edge
识别灰度图像中的边界
BW = edge(I,'sobel')
BW = edge(I,'sobel',thresh)
BW = edge(I,'sobel',thresh,direction)
[BW,thresh] = edge(I,'sobel',...)
BW = edge(I,'prewitt')
BW = edge(I,'prewitt',thresh)
BW = edge(I,'prewitt',thresh,direction)
[BW,thresh] = edge(I,'prewitt',...)
BW = edge(I,'roberts')
BW = edge(I,'roberts',thresh)
[BW,thresh] = edge(I,'roberts',...)
BW = edge(I,'log')
BW = edge(I,'log',thresh)
BW = edge(I,'log',thresh,sigma)
[BW,threshold] = edgeI,'log',...)
qtdecomp
执行四叉树分解
S = qtdecomp(I)
S = qtdecomp(I,threshold)
S = qtdecomp(I,threshold,mindim)
S = qtdecomp(I,threshold,[mindim maxdim])
S = qtdecomp(I,fun)
S = qtdecomp(I,fun,P1,P2,...)
qtgetblk
获取四叉树分解中的数组块值
[vals,r,c] = qtgetblk(I,S,dim)
[vals,idx] = qtgetblk(I,S,dim)
qtsetblk
设置四叉树分解中的数组块值
J = qtsetblk(I,S,dim,vals)
表6 图像增强函数
函数
功能
语法
adapthisteq
执行对比度受限的直方图均衡
J = adapthisteq(I)
J = adapthisteq(I,param1,val1,param2,val2...)
decorrstretch
对多通道图像应用解卷积延拓
S = decorrstretch(I)
S = decorrstretch(I,TOL)
histeq
用直方图均等化增强对比度
J = histeq(I,hgram)
J = histeq(In)
[J,T] = histeq(I,...)
newmap = histeq(X,map,hgram)
newmap = histeq(X,map)
[newmap,T] = histeq(X,...)
imadjust
调整图像灰度值或颜色映射表
J = imadjust(I)
J = imadjust(I,[low_in; high_in],[low_out; high_out])
J = imadjust(...,gamma)
newmap = imadjust(map, [low_in high_in], [low_out high_out], gamma)

RGB2 = imadjust(RGB1,...)
imnoise
向图像中加入噪声
J = imnoise(I,type)
J = imnoise(I,type,parameters)
medfilt2
进行二维中值滤波
B = medfilt2(A,[m n])
B = medfilt2(A)
B = medfilt2(A,'indexed',...)
ordfilt2
进行二维统计顺序滤波
B = ordfilt2(A,order,domain)
B = ordfilt2(A,order,domain,S)
B = ordfilt2(...,padopt)

stretchlim
得到图像对比度延拓的灰度上下限
LOW_HIGH = stretchlim(I,TOL)
LOW_HIGH = stretchlim(RGB,TOL)
wiener2
进行二维适应性去噪滤波
J = wiener2(I,[m n],noise)
[J,noise] = wiener2(I,[m n])
表7 线性滤波函数
函数
功能
语法
conv2
二维卷积
C = conv2(A,B)
C = conv2(hcol,hrow,A)
C = conv2(...,'shape')
convmtx2
二维矩阵卷积
T = convmtx2(H,m,n)
T = convmtx2(H,[m n])
convn
n维卷积
C = convn(A,B)
C = convn(A,B,'shape')
filter2
二维线性滤波
Y = filter2(h,X)
Y = filter2(h,X,shape)
fspecial
创建预定义滤波器
h = fspecial(type)
h = fspecial(type,parameters)
imfilter
多维图像滤波
B = imfilter(A,H)
B = imfilter(A,H,option1,option2,...)
表8 线性二维滤波器设计函数
函数
功能
语法
freqspace
确定二维频率响应的频率空间
[f1,f2] = freqspace(n)
[f1,f2] = freqspace([m n])
[x1,y1] = freqspace(...,'meshgrid')
f = freqspace(N)
f = freqspace(N,'whole')
freqz2
计算二维频率响应
[H,f1,f2] = freqz2(h,n1,n2)
[H,f1,f2] = freqz2(h,[n2 n1])
[H,f1,f2] = freqz2(h)
[H,f1,f2] = freqz2(h,f1,f2)
[...] = freqz2(h,...,[dx dy])
[...] = freqz2(h,...,dx)
freqz2(...)
fsamp2
用频率采样法设计二维FIR滤波器
h = fsamp2(Hd)
h = fsamp2(f1,f2,Hd,[m n])
ftrans2
通过频率转换法设计二维FIR滤波器
h = ftrans2(b,t)
h = ftrans2(b)
fwind1
用一维窗口方法设计二维FIR滤波器
h = fwind1(Hd,win)
h = fwind1(Hd,win1,win2)
h = fwind1(f1,f2,Hd,...)
fwind2
用二维窗口方法设计二维FIR滤波器
h = fwind2(Hd,win)
h = fwind2(f1,f2,Hd,win)
表9 图像变换函数
函数
功能
语法
dct2
进行二维离散余弦变换
B = dct2(A)
B = dct2(A,m,n)
B = dct2(A,[m n])
dctmtx
计算离散余弦变换矩阵
D = dctmtx(n)
fft2
进行二维快速傅立叶变换
Y = fft2(X)
Y = fft2(X,m,n)
fftn
进行n维快速傅立叶变换
Y = fftn(X)
Y = fftn(Xsiz)
fftshift
转换快速傅立叶变换的输出象限
Y = fftshift(X)
Y = fftshift(X,dim)
idct2
计算二维逆离散余弦变换
B = idct2(A)
B = idct2(A,m,n)
B = idct2(A,[m n])
ifft2
计算二维逆快速傅立叶变换
Y = ifft2(X)
Y = ifft2(X,m,n)
y = ifft2(..., 'nonsymmetric')
y = ifft2(..., 'nonsymmetric')
ifftn
计算n维逆快速傅立叶变换
Y = ifftn(X)
Y = ifftn(X,siz)
y = ifftn(..., 'nonsymmetric')
y = ifftn(..., 'nonsymmetric')
iradon
逆Radon变换
I = iradon(R,theta)
I = iradon(R, theta, interp, filter, frequency_scaling, output_size)
[I,H] = iradon(...)
phantom
产生一个头部幻影图像
P = phantom(def,n)
P = phantom(E,n)
[P,E] = phantom(...)
radon
计算Radon变换
R=radon(I,theta)
[R,xp]=radon(…)
fanbeam
计算扇形投影变换
F = fanbeam(I,D)
F = fanbeam(...,param1,val1,param1,val2,...)
[F,sensor_positions,fan_rotation_angles] = fanbeam(...)
表10 边沿和块处理函数
函数
功能
语法
bestblk
确定进行块操作的块大小
siz = bestblk([m n],k)
[mb,nb] = bestblk([m n],k)
blkproc
实现图像的非重叠（distinct）块操作
B = blkproc(A,[m n],fun)
B = blkproc(A,[m n],fun,P1,P2,...)
B=blkproc(A,[m n],[mborder nborder], fun, ...)
B = blkproc(A,'indexed',...)
col2im
将矩阵的列重新组织到块中
A = col2im(B,[m n],[mm nn], block_type)
A = col2im(B,[m n],[mm nn])
colfilt
利用列相关函数进行边沿操作
B = colfilt(A,[m n],block_type,fun)
B = colfilt(A,[m n],block_type,fun,P1,P2,...)
B = colfilt(A, [m n], [mblock nblock], block_type, fun,...)
B = colfilt(A,'indexed',...)
im2col
重调图像块为列
B = im2col(A,[m n],block_type)
B = im2col(A,[m n])
B = im2col(A,'indexed',...)
nlfilter
通用滑动邻域操作
B = nlfilter(A,[m n],fun)
B = nlfilter(A,[m n],fun,P1,P2,...)
B = nlfilter(A,'indexed',...)
表11 图像形态学操作函数
函数
功能
语法
applylut
在二值图像中利用查找表进行邻域操作
A = applylut(BW,LUT)
bwarea
计算二值图像的对象面积
total = bwarea(BW)
bweuler
计算二值图像的欧拉数
eul = bweuler(BW,n)
bwhitmiss
执行二值图像的击中和击不中操作
BW2 = bwhitmiss(BW1,SE1,SE2)
BW2 = bwhitmiss(BW1,INTERVAL)
bwlabel
标注二值图像中已连接的部分
L = bwlabel(BW,n)
[L,num] = bwlabel(BW,n)
bwmorph
二值图像的通用形态学操作
BW2 = bwmorph(BW,operation)
BW2 = bwmorph(BW,operation,n)
bwperim
计算二值图像中对象的周长
BW2 = bwperim(BW1)
BW2 = bwperim(BW1,CONN)
bwselect
在二值图像中选择对象
BW2 = bwselect(BW,c,r,n)
BW2 = bwselect(BW,n)
[BW2,idx] = bwselect(...)
BW2 = bwselect(x,y,BW,xi,yi,n)
[x,y,BW2,idx,xi,yi] = bwselect(...)
makelut
创建用于applylut函数的查找表
lut = makelut(fun,n)
lut = makelut(fun,n,P1,P2,...)
bwdist
距离变换
D = bwdist(BW)
[D,L] = bwdist(BW)
[D,L] = bwdist(BW,METHOD)
imbothat
执行形态学的闭包运算
IM2 = imbothat(IM,SE)
IM2 = imbothat(IM,NHOOD)
imclose
图像的闭运算
IM2 = imclose(IM,SE)
IM2 = imclose(IM,NHOOD)
imopen
图像的开运算
IM2 = imopen(IM,SE)
IM2 = imopen(IM,NHOOD)
imdilate
图像的膨胀
IM2 = imdilate(IM,SE)
IM2 = imdilate(IM,NHOOD)
IM2 = imdilate(IM,SE,PACKOPT)
IM2 = imdilate(...,PADOPT)
imerode
图像的腐蚀
IM2 = imerode(IM,SE)
IM2 = imerode(IM,NHOOD)
IM2 = imerode(IM,SE,PACKOPT,M)
IM2 = imerode(...,PADOPT)
imfill
填充图像区域
BW2 = imfill(BW,locations)
BW2 = imfill(BW,'holes')
I2 = imfill(I)
BW2 = imfill(BW)
[BW2 locations] = imfill(BW)
BW2 = imfill(BW,locations,CONN)
BW2 = imfill(BW,CONN,'holes')
I2 = imfill(I,CONN)
imtophat
用开运算后的图像减去原图像
IM2 = imtophat(IM,SE)
IM2 = imtophat(IM,NHOOD)
strel
创建形态学结构元素
SE = strel(shape,parameters)
表12 区域处理函数
函数
功能
语法
roicolor
选择感兴趣的颜色区
BW = roicolor(A,low,high)
BW = roicolor(A,v)
roifill
在图像的任意区域中进行平滑插补
J = roifill(I,c,r)
J = roifill(I)
J = roifill(I,BW)
[J,BW] = roifill(...)
J = roifill(x,y,I,xi,yi)
[x,y,J,BW,xi,yi] = roifill(...)
roifilt2
滤波特定区域
J = roifilt2(h,I,BW)
J = roifilt2(I,BW,fun)
J = roifilt2(I,BW,fun,P1,P2,...)
roipoly
选择一个感兴趣的多边形区域
BW = roipoly(I,c,r)
BW = roipoly(I)
BW = roipoly(x,y,I,xi,yi)
[BW,xi,yi] = roipoly()
[x,y,BW,xi,yi] = roipoly(...)
表13 图像代数操作
函数
功能
语法
imadd
加运算
Z = imadd(X,Y)
imsubtract
减运算
Z = imsubtract(X,Y)
immultiply
乘运算
Z = immultiply(X,Y)
imdivide
除运算
Z = imdivide(X,Y)
表14 颜色空间转换函数
函数
功能
语法
hsv2rgb
转换HSV的值为RGB颜色空间
M = hsv2rgb(H)
ntsc2rgb
转换NTSC的值为RGB颜色空间
rgbmap = ntsc2rgb(yiqmap)
RGB = ntsc2rgb(YIQ)
rgb2hsv
转换RGB的值为HSV颜色空间
cmap = rgb2hsv(M)
rgb2ntsc
转换RGB的值为NTSC颜色空间
yiqmap = rgb2ntsc(rgbmap)
YIQ = rgb2ntsc(RGB)
rgb2ycbcr
转换RGB的值为YCbCr颜色空间
ycbcrmap = rgb2ycbcr(rgbmap)
YCBCR = rgb2ycbcr(RGB)
ycbcr2rgb
转换YCbCr的值为RGB颜色空间
rgbmap = ycbcr2rgb(ycbcrmap)
RGB = ycbcr2rgb(YCBCR)
表15 图像类型和类型转换函数
函数
功能
语法
dither
通过抖动增加外观颜色分辨率，转换图像
X = dither(RGB,map)
BW = dither(I)
gray2ind
转换灰度图像为索引色图像
[X,map] = gray2ind(I,n)
[X,map] = gray2ind(BW,n)
grayslice
从灰度图像为索引色图像
X = grayslice(I,n)
X = grayslice(I,v)
im2bw
转换图像为二值图像
BW = im2bw(I,level)
BW = im2bw(X,map,level)
BW = im2bw(RGB,level)
im2double
转换图像矩阵为双精度类型
I2 = im2double(I)
RGB2 = im2double(RGB)
I = im2double(BW)
X2 = im2double(X,'indexed')
double
转换数据为双精度类型
double(X)
uint8
转换数据为8位无符号整型
I = uint8(X)
im2uint8
转换图像阵列为8位为无符号整型
I2 = im2uint8(I)
RGB2 = im2uint8(RGB)
I = im2uint8(BW)
X2 = im2uint8(X,'indexed')
im2uint16
转换图像阵列为16位为无符号整型
I2 = im2uint16(I)
RGB2 = im2uint16(RGB)
I = im2uint16(BW)
X2 = im2uint16(X,'indexed')
uint16
转换数据为16位无符号整型
I = uint16(X)
ind2gray
转换索引色图像为灰度图像
I = ind2gray(X,map)
ind2rgb
转换索引色图像为RGB图像
RGB = ind2rgb(X,map)
isbw
判断是否为二值图像
flag = isbw(A)
isgray
判断是否为灰度图像
flag = isgray(A)
isind
判断是否为索引色图像
flag = isind(A)
isrgb
判断是否为RGB图像
flag = isrgb(A)
mat2gray
转换矩阵为灰度图像
I = mat2gray(A,[amin amax])
I = mat2gray(A)
rgb2gray
转换RGB图像或颜色映射表为灰度图像
I = rgb2gray(RGB)
newmap = rgb2gray(map)
rgb2ind
转换RGB图像为索引色图像
[X,map] = rgb2ind(RGB,tol)
[X,map] = rgb2ind(RGB,n)
X = rgb2ind(RGB,map)
[...] = rgb2ind(...,dither_option)
表16 图像复原函数
函数
功能
语法
deconvwnr
用维纳滤波复原图像
J = deconvwnr(I,PSF)
J = deconvwnr(I,PSF,NSR)
J = deconvwnr(I,PSF,NCORR,ICORR)
deconvreg
用最小约束二乘滤波复原图像
J = deconvreg(I,PSF)
J = deconvreg(I,PSF,NOISEPOWER)
J = deconvreg(I, PSF, NOISEPOWER, LRANGE )
J = deconvreg(I, PSF, NOISEPOWER, LRANGE, REGOP)
[J, LAGRA] = deconvreg(I,PSF,...)
deconvlucy
用Richardson-Lucy滤波复原图像
J = deconvlucy(I,PSF)
J = deconvlucy(I,PSF,NUMIT)
J = deconvlucy(I,PSF,NUMIT,DAMPAR)
J = deconvlucy(I, PSF, NUMIT, DAMPAR, WEIGHT)
J = deconvlucy(I, PSF, NUMIT, DAMPAR, WEIGHT, READOUT)
J = deconvlucy(I, PSF, NUMIT, DAMPAR, WEIGHT, READOUT, SUBSMPL)
deconvblind
用盲卷积滤波复原图像
[J,PSF] = deconvblind(I,INITPSF)
[J,PSF] = deconvblind(I,INITPSF,NUMIT)
[J,PSF] = deconvblind(I, INITPSF, NUMIT, DAMPAR)
[J,PSF] = deconvblind(I, INITPSF, NUMIT, DAMPAR, WEIGHT)
[J,PSF] = deconvblind(I, INITPSF, NUMIT, DAMPAR, WEIGHT, READOUT )
[J,PSF] = deconvblind(..., FUN, P1, P2, ..., PN)

第 14 页 共 14 页