新目标英语八年级上册知识点和练习整理.doc

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Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?
一、重点单词：
anyone, anywhere, wonderful, few, most, something, nothing, everyone, myself, yourself, hen, pig, seem, bored, someone, diary, activity, decide, try, bird, bicycle, building, trader, wonder, difference, top, wait, umbrella, wet, below, enough, hungry, as, duck, hill
二、重点短语：
Quite a few, of course, feel like, because of, go on vacation, visit museum, go to summer camp, go to the beach, anywhere interesting, go out with sb., study for tests, stay at home, go shopping, seem to be, decide to do sth., ride bicycles, enough money, the top of the hill
三、重点句型：
1. ---Where did you go on vacation?
---I went to New York City.
2. Did you go out with anyone?
3. ---How was the food?
---Everything tasted really good!
4. Still no one seemed to be bored.
5. And because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below.
四、功能：
1. talk about past events
五、语法：
1. 不定代词
2. 一般过去时
六、重要考点：
1. 复合不定代词的用法：
1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。
somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，no one，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代词。
somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定代词。
2）当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于其后。如： something special
3）不定代词、不定副词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：
Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗？
4）something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。
2. 提建议的句子：
①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping?
③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping?
④Let’s + do sth. 如： Let’s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?
3. 辨析： get to/reach/arrive 都是“到达“的意思
get to+地点=reach+地点= arrive at+地点（小）=arrive in+地点（大）
注意：若他们后面要加地点副词here, there, home等，则不需要加介词。
4. nothing...but...意为“除......之外； 只有”，如：
I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看电视什么也没干。
5. feel like 意为：“感受到；摸起来”，后跟宾语从句或名词。如：
I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。
构成短语 feel like doing sth.意为“想做某事”。如：I feel like eating.我想吃东西。
6. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…;乐意做…
enjoy oneself 过得愉快 =have fun/have a good time.
7. I wonder what life was like here in the past.
wonder
(n): 奇迹；令人惊讶的事情 如：No wonder! 难怪！
(v) 惊讶 如：wonder at sth. ; wonder to do sth.
感到疑惑；想知道 如：I wonder where they are going.
8. few与little 的区别：

肯定
否定
quite a few buildings
许多
可数
a few
few
not a little hungry
quite a few/not a few
不可数
a little
little
quite a little/ not a little
9. Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍然没有人感到烦闷。
1） seem意为“好像；似乎；看来”，是个连系动词，构成的短语有：
seem to do sth. 好像做某事 如： They seem to wait for you..
seem（to be）+adj. 似乎...... 如： He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday.
It seems that + 从句 似乎...... 如： It seems that he was ill yesterday.
其他表示状态的系动词有：feel(觉得）; keep（保持）;stay（保持）;look（看来像...）；smell（闻起来）；sound（听起来……）；taste（尝起来……）；...
2） bored (adj)，意为“感到厌倦的、无聊的”,其主语是某人；
boring(adj)，意为“令人厌倦的、无聊的”其主语是某物。 如：
I got bored with the boring work. 我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。
相类似的词语还有： interested/ tired/ excited/ amazed/surprised
interesting/ tiring/ exciting/ amazing/surprising
10. decide（v）决定 decide to do sth. ---- decide not to do sth.
decision(n) decide on doing sth. 决定做某事
11. Because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below.
1） because of + 短语 I had to move because of my job.
because +　句子 如：I do it because I like it.
2）below意为“在...下面;低于”，其反义词为 above，意为“在.....上面；高于”
12.　 　 形容词/副词＋enough 如：wet/quietly enough　
enough enough ＋名词　如：enough umbrellas
(形/副)＋enough+ (名) to do sth. 　足够…去做…　
如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。
She is not old enough to go to school. 她年龄不够，不能去上学。
同义句： She is too young to go to school. (too… to… :太… 而不能…)
如此…以至于
13. such+名短+ that 从句：She is such a popular girl that...
so+形/副+that 从句：She is so popular that everyone likes her.
14. 反身代词：myself/yourself/itself/herself/himself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves
如：The child (herself) usually wears the clothes (herself).
15．What a difference a day makes! 一天的差异多大啊！
make a difference in…：对…有影响
感叹句的结构
1. What (a/an) + adj.+ n+主+谓！
2. How+ adj./adj.+主+谓!

七、单元练习：
1. She _________Beijing last night.
A.arrvied in B.got C.reaches D.arrived
2.__________ ready now, let’s begin.
A.Everything is B.Something are C.Nothing are D.Anything is
3.I ______ life was like here in the past.
A.wonder that B.know when C.wonder what D.decide why
4._____________weather it was!
A.What nice B.How a nice C.How nice D.What a nice
5. Another two hours _______not enough.
A.is B.are C.will are D.were
6. I’m free now, I have _________ （无事）to do .
7. Is __________（某人）going with you ?
8. I can finish it by __________ (我). X Kb 1.C om
9 Children, please help _____________to the fish（随便吃）.
10. It ____________（似乎）that it is going to rain.
11. The _____________（无聊的）book makes me ___________（无聊的）
12. He decided ___________(try) it.
13. I tried my best ____________(work) it out.
14. He is __________ __________(等候) a bus.
15. I need ______ _________(一把雨伞)_________ ________(因为) the heavy rain.
16. I have _________ ___________(足够的时间).
17. I am not _________ __________(足够的老).
18. Did you go ___________ ___________(有趣的某个地方)？
19. I _________ a gift _______my mother yesterday (给…买).
20. When it’s hot,I feel like ___________游泳) in the pool.
21. He teaches ___________(I) English.
22. Why not __________(try) to go by boat?
23. I kept _____________(写) this story.

Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
一、重点单词：
Housework, hardly, ever, once, twice, full, Internet, program, swing, maybe, least, junk, coffee, percent, online, health, television, although, through, mind, body, such, together, die, writer, dentist, less, none, magazine, however, than, almost, point, result
二、重点短语：
How often, hardly ever, at least, swing dance, junk food, how many, such as, less than, fifteen percent, go online, be good for, more than, watch TV, use the Internet, a lot of good habits, go to the dentist
三、重点句型：
1. ---What did you usually do on weekend?
---I always exercise.
2. They often help with housework.
3. ---How often does he watch TV?
---He hardly ever watches TV.
4. Forty-five percent exercise four to six times a week.
5. She says it’s good for my health.
6. Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.
四、功能：
1. talk about how often you do things
五、语法：
1. 频度副词的用法
六、重要考点：
1. ----How often do you usually go shopping? —Sometimes/Twice a week. 有时候/一周两次.　
1) go shopping 意为“去购物”。go+ v- ing : 表示进行某项活动。如：
go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking
2)频率副词：always=all the time, usually, often, sometimes=at times , hardly ever, never
(1).sometimes: 有时候；sometime：某时；some times：许多次/倍; some time: 一段时间
hard
(2). hardly(adv): 几乎不 硬的困难的；勤奋的 a hard writer
努力地； 猛烈地 study/rain hard
3）how often表示“多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。其回答通常有：
频率副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never
how often 次数＋时间段: 如：once or twice a week
every ＋时间段: every day (每天) 区别：everyday（每天的；日常的）
注意：表示“一次或两次”时，一般用once和twice表示。如：once a month(一个月一次)
而表示“三次或以上”时，则用“数词＋times”结构。如：five times a year (一年五次)
4） 由how构成的疑问词组的用法
“多少”
（1） how many+ 可数名词复数 如：how many programs
how much+不可数名词。 如：how much coffee
但how much=what’s the price of..? 还有“多少钱”的意思 如：How much are those pants?
(2)how many times: “多少次”. 其答语表示次数。如：once ,twice，three times等
(3) how old...? 询问年龄 如：How old are you? I am five.
“how long…?”
(4) 多久(时间) 常用 for two days，for three hours等回答。
多长（某物的长度） 如：---How long is the river? --- 10 kms.
(5)how soon 用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是in two hours，in three days等。
如：How soon will he come back？ In an hour。
3. “空闲的”：Are you free tonight? 4. at least 至少 at most 最多
be free “自由的”： a free country freedom(n) 5. stay up 熬夜（to do sth.）
“免费的”： work for free.
full
6. “满的；饱的” …be full of… : The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。
“忙的”=busy He had a full life
7．She says it’s good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益。
（1）be good for：“对……有好处”。 如：Doing exercise is good for our health.
（2）be good at （doing sth.）：擅长于……” 如：He is good at playing football.
（3）be good with: “与……相处好” 如： The teacher is good with his students.
8．go online = use the Internet ：上网
9. more than=over “超过”
10. keep healthy = stay healthy = keep in good health: 保持健康
11. ask sb. to do : 叫…做某事 Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.
ask sb. not to do sth.: 叫…不要做某事 Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.
ask sb. about sth. : 问某人某事 We asked our students about their free time activities.
ask sb. for sth. : 向某人要求… 如：ask teacher for help
12. help sb. with sth. 如：They help me with this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。
help sb.（to）do. 如：They help you (to) solve this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。
13. (n) 惊讶: to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊讶地
surprise be surprised at sth. 对… 感到意外
(v) 使惊奇、意外： be surprised to do sth. 惊讶做某事
be surprised that + 从句
如：I was surprised at the news = I was surprised to hear the news.
14. although(conj):“尽管；虽然”，表示转折关系，同义词有though, 不能与but同时使用。
如： Although they’re neighbors, they don’t play together.
　 = They’re neighbors, but they don’t play together. 尽管他们是邻居，但是他们不在一起玩。
15. maybe (adv): 也许，大概，放于句首或句中
may + be：也许是，大概是，放于句中
如：Maybe he is at home.= He maybe is at home.= He may be at home.
16. It’s good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows.
by: He learns English by singing English songs.
通过… 方式 He went home by bus.= He went home on the bus= He took the bus home.
through 通过… 方式+ 名词： The best way to relax is through exercise
（从…里面）穿过： Climb through the window.
注意： 横过（从一边到另一边） walk across the street.
例如
17. such as =like + 名短： 如： such as winning the game.
for example + 句子： 如：It’s healthy for the mind and the body.
18. Old habits die hard. 恶习难改.
die(v):死亡；消失 death(n): 死亡；
dead(adj): 死的； dying(adj): 垂死的；临终的；（植）枯萎的 dying wish----遗言
19. You can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.
spend
度过（时间） 如：spend the weekend with family
花费（时间、钱） 如：He spent 20 yuan (in) buying the magazine.
同义句：He spent 20 yuan on the magazine.
He paid 20 yuan for the magazine.
It took him 20 yuan to buy the magazine.
The magazine cost him 20 yuan.

七、单元练习：
1.___________do you go to Shanghai?
A.How many times B. How often C,How long D.How soon
2. __________this book carefully and you can get a lot.
A. Reading B.Read C.Readed D.To read
3.There is ____________salt in the fridge, I will buy some.
A.little B.few C.a few. D.a little
4. I am going to study ________.
A.hardly B.hard C.hardly ever D.harding
5. _________do you watch TV? ----Twice a week
A.How many B.How long C.How far D.How often
6. He ___________ten years old.
A.may B.maybe C.may be D.might
7. ___________they were hard-working,_______they didn’t get good grades.
A. Although, / B.Though, but C.though, / D.Although, but
8. He is ________a clever girl __________she can work out this math problem.
A.so, that B.such, that C.too, to D.enough, to
9.The ___________dog was ___________on the floor, at last it __________.
A.dying, die, died Bdied, die, dying C.dying, dying, died D.death, dying, die
10. _____________ of the students ____here.
A.None,is B.No one,are C.Nothing,are D.None,are
11.___________of my parents _____teachers. http://w ww.xk
A.All,are B.Both,is C.Both, are DNone,are
12. I will have ________________holiday.
A.three weeks B.three-weeks C.three week’s D.three-week
13. ---Next week I am ________ __________(相当满) for me.
----Really? ____________?
A. How about; B. How come; C.How often D.How many
14. My mother _________me
A. hopes, to drink B.wants, drink C.except, to drink D.wants, to drink
15. Fifteen percent of the information _______true and twenty percent of the medicine _____fake.
16.It’s good to relax by _____________(使用) the Internet.
17. He went Shanghai, _____________(但是), I stayed at home.
18. Keeping ___________is good for our __________(健康).
19. I have ____________(曾经) been to Wuhan, I went there ___________(两次).
20. What do you usually do ____________ ____________(在周末)？

Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister
一、重点单词：
Outgoing, better, loudly, quietly, hard-working, competition, fantastic, which, clearly, win, talented, truly, care, serious, mirror, kid, necessary, both, though, grade, should, saying, reach, hand, touch, heart, fact, break, arm, laugh, share, loud, similar, primary, information
二、重点短语：
Which one, care about, primary school, as long as, the same as, bring out, in fact, make sb. laugh, be similar to, have fun, get better grades, share everything
三、重点句型：
1. ---Is Tom smarter than Sam?
---No, he isn’t.
2. Are you as friendly as your sister?
3. For me, a good friend likes to do the same things as me.
4. I think a good friend makes me laugh.
四、功能：
1. talk about personal traits
2. compare people
五、语法：
1. 形容词和副词的比较级及相关句型
2. both和as…as…的用法
六、重要考点：
同级比较
1． …as+adj./adv.(原级)+as …: “如同…一样…”
否定：… not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as …: “不如……一样……”
2. 形容词和副词的比较级
（1）大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级: good – better - best
（2）比较级：表示两者(人或物)之间的比较。
（3）加more/most ~的情况：①.部分双音节和多音节词；②.-ed/ing结尾的词；③adj+ly→adv.
（4）双写的词：一个大热天，一个胖子和一个瘦子穿着红衣服，汗湿了，很伤心。
big hot fat thin red wet sad
（5）主语必须与对比成分保持一致：Her hair is longer than yours.(→your hair)
（6）比较级＋and＋比较级：越来越…… e.g. They talked more and more loudly.
（7）the比较级…, the＋比较级…；越…就越…The more exercise you do, the stronger you’ll be.
（9）“Which / Who is + 比较级， A or B？” e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one?（10）the+比较级+of the（ two ） : 两者中较…的一个；如：
Of the twins, she was th