新东方四级写作范文“四步走”分析模式.doc

 四级写作范文“四步走”分析模式

2008-08-22　来源：新东方　作者：韩可俊

    新四级（CET-4）考试作文部分题序位置位置发生改变，从以前考试的最后一部分提到了第一部分。它影响着考生的临场心理，其重要性自然不言而喻。考生如何利用考场下的300分钟、3000分钟甚至30000分钟，合理充分地准备四级写作，从而能够轻松自如地应对考场上的30分钟呢？

    在复习准备四级写作时，我们应该按照“谋篇、段落、句子、措辞”（如图一）“四步走”的宏观复习方式来准备。我们应该将以往的范文作为框架，从谋篇布局着手，加以润色字词句的修饰，将其变成自己的四级高分作文。

    学习范文或掌握优秀作文是打破提高自己传统写作语言的第一步。下面我们通过2005年12月四级范文，分析学习如何提纯范文中的“谋篇、段落、句子、措辞”并加以利用，使其变成自己的语言。

    Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourist？
    1. 名校校园正成为旅游新热点
    2. 校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同
    3. 我认为…

    Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?
    Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school     students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
    So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
    In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.

    首先，提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。

    第一段：提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that  … ….

    第二段：正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … …  will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….

    第三段：摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….

    其次，提纯范文“段落写作”。

    段落写作分为统一性，连贯性和完整性三方面。

    统一性（unity）：段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛，也不可太具体，做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明，另一方面从坏的方面说明。

    连贯性（coherence）：关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰，层层展开。

    完整性（completeness）：以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头，这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的?文“句子写作”。

    1. It has been shown that … …
    类似句型：It is known to us that … …
    It is said that … …
    It is reported that … …
    It is controversial that … …

    2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单，注意练习并接句的使用，会使句子显的更加饱满。

    3. enable v. 使…能够
    I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.

    4. in that = because
    表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as，如：
    The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
    此句以我们常用的人称开头，句式简单，我们可以通过把since提前改变句式，如：
    Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后，提纯范文“措辞”。

    1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。

    2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
    形容“多”的表达方法：millions and millions
    a multitude of
    a great deal of
    a large amount of
    plenty of
    many a

    3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论，辩论”的意思，而是“认为”。
    I argue that … …
    I maintain that … …
    I claim that … …
    I insist that … …          = I think that … …
    I hold that … …
    I assert that … …
    I assume that … …

    4. negative adj. 否定的，相反的
    hold negative view = hold opposite opinions

    5. phenomenon n. 现象
    social phenomenon 社会现象
    natural phenomenon 自然现象

    6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
    （选词策略：使用最近所学的单词，如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever）

    在分析并掌握范文之后，我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文，以供参考：

    1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
    2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
    3. 我的看法

    Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
    However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening?     Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional     song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about     this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring     Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
    In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.

    寄语：分析范文或优秀作文是我们学好写作的第一步。不要小看任何的优秀小短文，那其中一定有需要你掌握的内容。

    To see a world in a grain of sand,
    And a heaven in a wild flower,
    Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
    And eternity in an hour.
    一沙一世界，
    一花一天堂，
    手中即无限，
    永恒亦短暂。