高中英语常见词缀词性转换合成词.docx

后缀
 变名词
(1)-ence，-ance结尾名词：
存在exist-existence
发生occur-occurrence
查阅/参考refer-reference
更喜欢/偏好prefer-preference
不同differ-difference
接受accept-acceptance
出现/外表appear-appearance
履行perform-performance
抵制resist-resistance
指导guide-guidance
进入enter-entrance
保险insure-insurance
帮助assist-assistance
忍受endure-endurance/tolerate-tolerance
(2)-tion，-sion结尾的名词：
生产produce-production
介绍introduce-introduction
消费consume-consumption
减少reduce-reduction
认为/假设assume-assumption/suppose-supposition
毁灭destroy-destruction
描写describe-description
打断interrupt-interruption
采纳/收养adopt-adoption
防止prevent-prevention
接收/接待处receive-reception
解决solve-solution
进化evolve-evolution
建议suggest-suggestion
编辑/版本edit-edition
展览exhibit-exhibition
打算/意图intend-intention
认出recognize-recognition
解释/定义define-definition
保护protect-protection
方向/指导direct-direction
指令instruct-instruction
建设construct-construction
注射inject-injection
感染infect-infection
驳斥reject-rejection
反对object-objection/oppose-opposition
连接connect-connection
收集collect-collection
纠正correct-correction
视察inspect-inspection
挨饿starve-starvation
组织organize-organization
文明civilize-civilization
认知realize-realization
考试examine-examination
决定determine-determination
形成form-formation
通知inform-information
想象imagine-imagination
运输transport-transportation
邀请invite-invitation
期待expect-expectation
诱惑tempt-temptation
改编/适应adapt-adaptation
移民immigrate-immigration
模仿imitate-imitation
准备prepare-preparation
探索explore-exploration
考虑consider-consideration
宣布declare-declaration
装饰decorate-decoration
激发/灵感inspire-inspiration
放松/休闲relax-relaxation
交流communicate-communication
占用/职业occupy-occupation
满足satisfy-satisfaction
申请、应用apply-application
暗示imply-implication
推荐recommend-recommendation
口译、理解interpret-interpretation
结合combine-combination
操作、手术operate-operation
犹豫hesitate-hesitation
教育educate-education
定位locate-location
指出indicate-indication
参加participate-participation
计算calculate-calculation
欣赏、感激appreciate-appreciation
联想、协会associate-association
分离separate-separation
冬眠hibernate-hibernation
赔偿compensate-compensation
调查investigate-investigation
庆祝celebrate-celebration
祝贺congratulate-congratulation
翻译translate-translation
积累accumulate-accumulation
加速accelerate-acceleration
捐赠donate-donation
解放liberate-liberation
动力motivate-motivation
革新innovate-innovation
集中concentrate-concentration
游行、示威demonstrate-demonstration
贡献contribute-contribution
分发distribute-distribution
促进promote-promotion
致力devote-devotion/dedicate-dedication
沮丧frustrate-frustration/depress-depression
印象impress-impression
表达express-expression
拥有、财产possess-possession
讨论discuss-discussion
扩大expandexpansion
延伸extend-extension
承认admit-admission
允许permit-permission
排放emit-emission
爆炸explode-explosion
结论conclude-conclusion
决定decide-decision
划分divide-division
迷惑confuse-confusion
(3)–ment结尾的名词：
广告advertise-advertisement
同意agree-agreement
惊奇amaze-amazement
吃惊astonish-astonishment
通告announce-announcement
安排arrange-arrangement
评估assess-assessment
发展develop-development
失望disappoint-disappointment
雇佣、就业employ-employment
鼓舞encourage-encouragement
款待、娱乐entertain-entertainment
装备equip-equipment
统治、政府govern-government
改进improve-improvement
投资invest-investment
卷入involve-involvement
管理manage-management
惩罚punish-punishment
要求require-requirement
退休retire-retirement
定居settle-settlement
陈述state-statement
对待、招待、治疗treat-treatment
以…….为基础base-basement
人行道pave-pavement
完成
achieve-achievement
accomplish-accomplishment
(4)–ness结尾的名词：
adj.-n.
意识aware-awareness/conscious-consciousness
苦bitter-bitterness
盲目blind-blindness
冷静calm-calmness
聪明clever-cleverness
疯狂crazy-craziness
渴望eager-eagerness
公平fair-fairness
愚蠢foolish-foolishness
适合fit-fitness
幸福、愉快happy-happiness
疾病ill-illness
友好kind-kindness
懒惰lazy-laziness
孤独lonely-loneliness
宁静quiet-quietness
悲伤sad-sadness
严重性serious-seriousness
甜美sweet-sweetness
稳定steady-steadiness
厚度thick-thickness
累tired-tiredness
弱点weak-weakness
冷cold-coldness
紧张nervous-nervousness
思乡homesick-homesickness
粗心careless-carelessness
自私selfish-selfishness
无私selfless-selflessness/unselfish-unselfishness
无助helpless-helplessness
无望hopeless-hopelessness
(5)–age结尾的名词：
婚姻marry-marriage
短缺short-shortage
储存store-storage
包裹pack-package
车厢carry-carriage
通道pass-passage
(6)–th结尾的名词：
温暖warm-warmth
真理true-truth
死亡dead-death
成长grow-growth
(7)–ure结尾的名词：
快乐please-pleasure
离开depart-departure
暴露expose-exposure
压力press-pressure
失败fail-failure
混合mix-mixture
签名sign-signature
(8)–ce结尾的名词：
adj.-n.
缺席absent-absence
出席present-presence
信心confident-confidence
方便convenient-convenience
不同different-difference
勤奋diligent-diligence
远的、距离distant-distance
明显的、证据evident-evidence
优秀excellent-excellence
重要important-importance
独立independent-independence
天真innocent-innocence
智力intelligent-intelligence
公正just-justice
耐心patient-patience
浪漫romantic-romance
沉默silent-silence
暴力violent-violence
v.-n.
冒犯offend-offence
防御defend-defense/defence
建议advise-advice
设施devise-device
(9)–dom结尾的名词：
自由free-freedom
王国king-kingdom
智慧wise-wisdom
(10)–hood结尾的名词
孩童时代childhood
男孩时代boyhood
邻里neighborhood
(11)–ship结尾的名词：
所有权ownership
锦标赛championship
友谊friendship
手艺craftsmanship
奖学金scholarship
领导力leadership
艰难hardship
关系relationship
(12)–ing结尾的名词：
农业farming
变暖warming
园艺gardening
学业schooling
绘画painting
意思meaning
绘画drawing
训练training
录音tape-recording
衣物clothing
感觉feeling
十字路口crossing
工资earnings
问候greeting
储蓄savings
发生的事happenings
发现findings
财产belongings
痛苦sufferings
贡品offerings
环境surroundings
保龄球bowling
举重weight-lifting
射击shooting
摔跤wrestling

 变形容词
 (1)–y结尾的形容词：
n.-adj.
阳光灿烂的sun-sunny
多雨的rain-rainy
被雪覆盖的snow-snowy
有风的wind-windy
有暴风雪的storm-stormy
寒冷的chill-chilly
多雾的fog-foggy
有霜的frost-frosty
冰冷的ice-icy
阴沉的gloom-gloomy
布满星辰的star-starry
泥泞的mud-muddy
布满灰尘的dust-dusty
脏的dirt-dirty
健康的health-healthy
富有的wealth-wealthy
霸道的boss-bossy
臭的smellsmelly
美味的taste-tasty
咸的salt-salty
皮包骨的skin-skinny
贪婪的greed-greedy
迅速的speed-speedy
棘手的、狡猾的trick-tricky
v.-adj.
爱挑剔的choose-choosy/pick-picky
黏的stick-sticky
悦耳易记的catch-catchy
害怕的scare-scary
滑溜的slip-slippery
(2)-al，-ial结尾的形容词
全球的globe-global
文化的culture-cultural
农业的agriculture-agricultural
情景的situation-situational
有条件的condition-conditional
环境的environment-environmental
化学的chemistry-chemical
医学的medicine-medical
原始的origin-original
政治的politics-political
实际的practice-practical
理论的theory-theoretical
音乐的music-musical
感情的emotion-emotional
国家的nation-national
自然的nature-natural
个人的person-personal
偶尔的occasion-occasional
精神上的mind-mental
身体上的physics-physical
偶然的accident-accidental
教育的education-educational
技术上的technique-technical
心理上的psychology-psychological
沿海的coast-coastal
种族的race-racial
面部的face-facial
工业的industry-industrial
金融的finance-financial
商业的commerce-commercial
官方的office-official
有益的benefit-beneficial
典型的type-typical
有影响的influence-influential
(3)-ful，-less结尾的形容词
感激的thank-thankful=grateful
充足的plenty-plentiful
美丽的beauty-beautiful
成功的success-successful
可怕的awe-awful
忠实的faith-faithful
和平的peace-peaceful
高兴的joy-joyful/cheer-cheerful=enjoyable

非常干净的spot-spotless
无休止的end-endless
无家可归的home-homeless
无工作的job-jobless=unemployed
身无分文的penny-penniless
无私的self-selfless=unselfish
无目标的aim-aimless
无线的wire-wireless
无限的limit-limitless
珍贵的/无价的price-priceless=invaluable
毫无价值的value-valueless/worth-worthless
无语的speech-speechless
上气不接下气的breath-breathless
小心的，粗心的care-careful，careless
多彩的，无色的color-colorful，colorless
有用的，无用的use-useful，useless
成果丰硕的，无成效的fruit-fruitful，fruitless
强大的，无能力的power-powerful，powerless
有意义的，无意义的 meaning-meaningful
meaningless=pointless=senseless
痛苦的，不痛的pain-painful，painless
后悔的，无悔的 regret-regretful，regretless
有害的，无害的harm-harmful，harmless
闲适宁静的，躁动不安的 rest-restful，restless
优雅的，粗鲁的grace-graceful，graceless
抱有希望的，无望的 hope-hopeful，hopeless
有帮助的/愿意帮忙的，无助的 help-helpful，helpless
考虑周到的/不周到的 thought-thoughtful，thoughtless
(4)-(i)ous结尾的形容词
n.-adj.
许多的number-numerous
多山的mountain-mountainous
冒险的adventure-adventurous
紧张的nerve-nervous
有毒的poison-poisonous
危险的danger-dangerous
灾难的disaster-disastrous
小心的caution-cautious
营养的nutrition-nutritious
宗教的religion-religious
宽敞的space-spacious
有抱负的ambition-ambitious
神秘的mystery-mysterious
(5)-able，-(s)ible结尾的形容词
(不)可预见的predict-(un)predictable
(不)可避免的avoidun)avoidable
(不)可忘的forget-(un)forgettable
(不)想要的desire-(un)desirable
(不)舒服的comfort-(un)comfortable
有(不)利的favor-(un)favorable
(不)合适的suit-(un)suitable
(不)可忍受的bear-(un)bearable
(不)可忍受的endure-(un)endurable
(不)可信的believe-(un)believable
(不)可信的credit-(in)credible
(不)可接近的access-(in)accessible
看不)见的view-(in)visible
(不)可治愈的cure-(in)curable
支付得起的afford-affordable
适应力强的adapt-adaptable
可更新的renew-renewable
便携的port-portable
多变的change-changeable
可吃的eat-eatable
可依靠的rely-reliable
可行的work-workable
有价值的value-valuable
合理的reason-reasonable
高兴的enjoy-enjoyable
流行的fashion-fashionable
(6)-tive结尾的形容词：
v.-adj
多产的produce-productive
迷人的attract-attractive
有创造力的create-creative
保护的protect-protective
预防性的prevent-preventive
健谈的talk—talkative
可共替代的alter-alternative
相关的relate-relative
有教育意义的instruct-instructive
有竞争力的compete-competitive
n.-adj
有效的effect-effective
贵的expense-expensive

(7)-tic，-fic结尾的形容词
系统的system-systematic
科学的science-scientific
戏剧般的drama-dramatic
浪漫的romance-romantic
有同情心的sympathy-sympathetic
精力充沛的energy-energetic
(8)-en结尾的形容词：
羊毛的wool-woolen
金色的gold-golden
木制的wood-wooden
(9)以-some结尾的形容词
英俊的hand—handsome
令人惊叹的awe-awesome
令人烦恼的trouble-troublesome
烦人的tire-tiresome
(10)-ly结尾的形容词：
致命的dead-deadly
活跃的live-lively
友好的friend-friendly
兄弟般的brother-brotherly
有次序的order-orderly
昂贵的cost-costly
每月的month-monthly
每天的day-daily

变动词
(1)-fy结尾的动词：
净化pure-purify
简化simple-simplify
美化beautiful-beautify
使合理化just-justify
使恐惧terrible-terrify
使震惊horrible-horrify
合格化quality-qualify
分类class—classify
认出identity-identify
adj.-v.
认识到real-realize
使现代化modern-modernize
使工业化industrial-industrialize
使普及popular-popularize
集权central-centralize
使全球化global-globalize
使理想化ideal-idealize
使稳定stable-stabilize
使正常化normal-normalize
社会化social-socialize
使专门化special-specialize
n.-v.
使物质化material-materialize
总结summary-summarize
记忆memory-memorize

(2)-en结尾的动词：
变暗dark-darken
加快quick-quicken
削尖sharp-sharpen
削弱weak-weaken
松开loose-loosen
变紧tight-tighten
软化soft-soften
使更明亮bright-brighten
恶化bad-worsen
减少little-lessen
减轻/变亮light-lighten
变黑black-blacken
加宽broad-broaden
缩短short-shorten
Adj.-n….-v.
加深deep-depth-deepen
加长long-length-lengthen
加宽wide-width-widen
加高high-height-heighten
加强strong-strength-strengthen
(3)—e结尾的动词(注意发音变化)：
n.-v.
洗澡bath-bathe
呼吸breath-breathe
给……穿衣cloth-clothe
前缀

超过over-
无意中听到overhear
超过overtake

睡过头oversleep
推翻overthrow/overturn
人口过剩overpopulation
克服overcome
忽略/俯视overlook

重新re-
康复/找回recover
脱(衣服等)/移开remove
续借/更换/续签renew
回收利用recycle
替代replace
使恢复精力refresh
改革reform
复习review

前的pre-
前提precondition
预告predict
战前的prewar
幼儿园preschool
预演preview

前的ex-
前妻ex-wife
前总统ex-president

后的post-
战后的post-war
研究生postgraduate

多的multi-
多媒体multimedia
多元文化的multicultural
多项选择的multiple-choice

远的tele-
电话telephone
电视television
电报telegram
电信telecommunications
望远镜telescope

相互的inter-
面试interview
国际的international
互联网internet
相互作用interact

微小的micro-
麦克风microphone
微波microwave
微软microsoft
显微镜microscope

自动的auto-
汽车automobile
自传autobiography
亲笔签名autograph
自动地automatically

副的vice-
副总统vice-president
副总理vice-premier

生态的eco-
生态学ecology
生态系统ecosystem
生态友好的eco-friendly

潜/次一级sub-
潜意识subconscious
亚热带的subtropical
地铁subway
潜水艇submarine
郊区的suburban
副标题subtitle

半semi-
办熟练semi-skilled
半决赛semi-final

三tri-
三轮车tricycle
三角形triangle

横跨trans-
转移transfer
转变transform
传播transmit
移植transplant 
否定的前缀或后缀

in-，im-/il-，ir-
不活跃的inactive
不贵的inexpensive
缺乏经验的inexperienced
随便的informal
不完整的incomplete
不方便的inconvenient
独立的independent
间接的indirect
不重要的insignificant
无能力的incapable/incompetent
不合适的improper/inappropriate
不精确的inaccurate/incorrect/inexact
不充足的inadequate/insufficient
不成熟的immature
不耐烦的impatient
不完美的imperfect
不可能的impossible
不礼貌的impolite
不合逻辑的illogical
不合法的illegal
不规则的irregular
不负责的irresponsible

un-
不寻常的unusual
不安的uneasy
不公平的unfair/unjust
不知道的unaware/unconscious
不确定的Uncertain
不受欢迎的unpopular
不普通的uncommon
不愉快的unpleasant
不重要的unimportant
不必要的unnecessary
不成功的unsuccessful
没被注意unnoticed
不整洁的untidy
不合理的unreasonable
未完成的unfinished/undone
脱衣undress
打开unfold
卸车unload
开……的锁unlock
解冻unfreeze
出土/挖掘unearth
拧开uncover
解开undo/unpack
揭露uncover

dis-
消失disappear
不鼓励discourage
揭露disclose
发现discover
不同意disagree
不同意disapprove
不服从disobey
不诚实的dishonest
不满意的dissatisfied
可耻的disgraceful
弱点disadvantage
絮乱disorder

mis-
误导(v.)mislead
误导的(adj.)misleading
误解(v.)misunderstand
滥用misuse
误解(n.)misunderstanding
拼错misspell
不信任mistrust

anti-
防空的anti-aircraft
防冻剂antifreeze
抗日战争Anti-JapaneseWar
反社会的antisocial

de-
降级degrade
减少decrease
贬值devalue
解冻defrost
毁林deforestation

ill-
虐待ill-treat
信息不足的ill-informed
不礼貌的ill-mannered
不合时宜的ill-timed
不合适的ill-fitting
没教养的ill-bred
考虑欠周的ill-considered
不健康的illhealth

non-
非营利的non-profit
直达的non-stop
不吸烟者non-smoker
防滑的non-slip
废话nonsense
非暴力non-violence
不可再生资源non-renewableresources

-free
无忧无虑的carefree
无利息的interest-free
免税的duty-free

-proof
防水的waterproof
防震的shockproof
合成

合成形容词
(1)adj.+present participle
漂亮的good-looking
闻着芳香的sweet-smelling
随和的easy-going
长相一般的ordinary-looking

(2)adv.+present participle
永久的ever-lasting
职位高的high-ranking
畅销货best-selling goods=bestseller

(3)adv.+past participle
著名的well-known
新婚的 newly-married
本地制造的locally-produced
坚信的firmly-believed
密切相关的closely-related
广泛接受的 widely-accepted
穿着随意的informally-dressed
容易形成的easily-formed
牢固的 strongly-built
高度发达的highly-developed
人口稠密的 densely-populated
正式发行的officially-released
正式承认的officially-recognized

(4)n.+present participle
省时的time-saving
耗能的energy-consuming
爱好和平的peace-loving
制片的film-making
伤心的heart-breaking
令人惊叹的breathtaking
说英语的English-speaking
解决问题的problem-solving
令人垂涎的 mouth-watering
赢利的profit-making

(5)n.+past participle
国营的state-owned
由衷的 heartfelt
人造的 man-made
覆盖雪的snow-covered
粗糙的 weather-beaten
国产的home-made
一贫如洗的 poverty-stricken
好奇心驱使的curiosity-driven
个体经营的self-employed
政府支持的 government-backed

(6)n.+adj.
环保的environment-friendly=environmentally friendly
节能的energy-efficient
有成本效益的cost-effective

(7)adj.+n.+-ed
心不在焉的absent-minded
心地善良的kind-hearted
目光短浅的short-sighted
近视的near-sighted
左撇子的left-handed
头发花白的white-haired
长尾巴的long-tailed
和蔼可亲的good-natured
脾气坏的bad-tempered
思想开明的open-minded
狭隘的narrow-minded
头脑简单的simple-minded
有空调的air-conditioned

(8)n.+-ed
详细的detail—detailed
有经验的experience—experienced
有天赋的gift—gifted/talent—talented
有技能的skill—skilled

合成名词
缺点drawback
框架framework
人类 mankind
发源地birthplace
壁炉 fireplace
木柴 firewoo