全新版大学英语第四册综合教程练习答案及课文译文1.doc

Appendix IKey to Exercises (Units 1-8)Unit 1Part I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:The song you are about to hear is based on a true story. It tells the tale of the sinking of a ship called The Edmund Fitzgerald that was caught in a storm on Lake Superior back in November 1975, with the loss of all on board.Lake Superior is an enormous lake and the wind can at times make it dangerous to shipping, whipping up huge waves. November is a particularly dangerous month for such storms. This had long ago been noticed by a local native American tribe, the Chippewa, who used to speak of how death threatened from the lake when storm clouds gathered in November. According to legend, the big lake, which they called Gitche Gumee, was without mercy in that month, never giving up those it had marked for death.It is this legend that starts the song before it moves on to talk of The Edmund Fitzgerald. The Edmund Fitzgerald, like many other ships that sail the lake, was built to carry iron ore. Filled with ore these ships lie low in the water and can find themselves in difficulties in rough weather. So, with a full load on board we can imagine the anxiety that must have begun to creep into the hearts of the sailors on board The Edmund Fitzgerald as they felt the cold wind beginning to rise and heard the sound of it singing as it blew through the wires. For, despite the fact that the captain and crew were all experienced, well-seasoned as the song says, they all knew the dangers of November storms. Before long their worse fears started to come true and the storm had risen to a hurricane. The despair of the crew is captured in the words of the cook. First he comes on deck to tell the sailors it is too rough to cook, they will have to wait for their supper. The next we hear from him he is saying- $6 -Appendix Igoodbye to his shipmates. Water is pouring into the ship. The captain sends out a distress signal, but that is the last that is heard from the ship. It is swallowed up by the lake, leaving nothing behind but the mourning families of the twenty-nine sailors and the sound of the church bell ringing in their memory.Now lets listen to the song:The Wreck of the Edmund FitzgeraldGordon LightfootThe legend lives on from the Chippewa on downOr the big lake they call Gitche GumeeTke lake, it is said, rfever gives up her deadWhen the skies or November turn gloomyWitk a load of iron ore twenty-six thousand tons moreThan the Edmund Fitzgerald weighed emptyThat good ship and true was a hone to be chewedWhen the gales of November came earlyTke skip was tke pride of tke American side Coming back from some mill in Wisconsin As tke kig freigkters go, it was kigger tkan most Witk a crew and good captain well seasoned Concluding some terms witk a couple of steel firms Wken tkey left fully loaded for Cleveland And later tkat nigkt wken tke skips kell rang Could it ke tke nortk wind tkeyd been feelingTke wind in tke wires made a tattle-tale soundAnd a wave broke over tke railingAnd every man knew, as tke captain did tooTwas tke witck of Novemker come stealingTke dawn came late and the breakfast had to waitWken the Gales of November came slashingWhen afternoon came it was freezing rainIn the face of a hurricane west windAppendix 1- 6? -When suppertime came, the old cook came on deck sayingFellas1, its too rough to reed ya2At seven PM a main hatchway caved in, he saidFellas, its heen good to know yaThe captain wired in he had water coming inAnd the good ship and crew was in perilAnd later that night when his lights went out of sightCame the wreck of the Edmund FitzgeraldDoes any one know where the love of God goes When the waves turn the minutes to hours The searchers all say theyd have made Whitefish Bay If theyd put fifteen more miles hehind her They might have split up or they might have capsized They may have broke deep and took water And all that remains is the faces and the names Of the wives and the sons and the daughters JLake Huron rolls, Superior singsIn the rooms of her icewater mansionOld Michigan steams like a young mans dreamsThe islands and hays are for sportsmenAnd farther helow Lake OntarioTakes in what Lake Erie can send herAnd the iron boats go as the mariners all knowWith the Gales of November rememberedIn a musty old hall in Detroit they prayed In the Maritime Sailors Cathedral The church hell chimed til it rang twenty-nine timesFor each man on the Edmund Fitzgerald.!1 fella: (slang) fellow2 ya: (slang) you- 66 -Appendix 1Trie legend lives on irom the Chippewa on down Or the nig lake they call Gitche Gumee Superior, they said, never gives up her dead When the gales or November come earlyPart II Text Alexf Organization: -PartsParagraphs Main IdeasPart OneParas 1-2Introduction Both Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.Part TwoParas 3-11Napoleons military campaign against RussiaPart ThreeParas 12-20Hitlers military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart FourPara 21ConclusionThe elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.2.SectionsParagraphsMain IdeasSection OneParas 12-13Hitlers blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalins scorched earth policySection TwoParas 14-18the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and StalingradSection ThreeParas 19-20the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the warVocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 3) stroke 5) minus 7) declarations2) heroic 4) limp6) regions 8) siegeAppendix I- $99) raw10) retreat11) have taken their toll12) In the case of13) campaign14) at the cost of15) has been brought to a halt2.1) is faced with2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) picking up6) falling apart7) cut back8) take over3.1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2) The border dispute between the two countries resulted in thousands of casualties.3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.4) Obviously the reporters question caught the foreign minister off guard.5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obso-lete.4.1) At that time, the enemy forces were much superior to ours, so we had to give up theoccupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by con-stant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.II. More Synonyms in Context1)During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of themost dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium and in theno-mans-land between the trenches.2)Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all mywords.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.- 90 -Appendix IIII. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeksand nobody knew anything about it.3) Its said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4) Dont sit too close to the fire to keep warmyou could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.Structure1.1) To his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by30 percent.2) To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before it collapsed.3) To our disappointment, our womens team lost out to the North Koreans.4) We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you during the coming Christ-mas.2.1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile.2) By 1948, the Peoples Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of the Yangtze River.3) Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France, but came to live in the UnitedStates at the age of four. 4)The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through the United States forabout 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze2.stand in the way4.catching. off his guard6.declaration8.drag on10.die from(A)1. invasion3. Conquest5. launching7. campaign9. reckon with 11. bringing.to a haltAppendix I- 91 -(B)1. In2.since3. the4.and5. it6.that/who7. of/about8.across9. to10.lost11. to12.with13. buried14.in15. than16.between17. from18.to19. downII. TranslationThe offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The divi-sion commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Part III TextB.-2. d 4. aComprehension Check1. d 3. b- 92 -Appendix ITranslation(#JE Appendix III)Language Practice1. boast2.obstacles3. was concerned4.call .off5. paid off6.was pinned down7. are contesting8.prior to9. holdout10.objective11. responsible for12.in case13. favorable14.due to15. on the eve of16.cancel17. complications18.stiff19. withstand20.absentPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksWriting StrategyTick which of the following is more convincing:It was reported that General Eisenhower, though indecisive sometimes, had nohesitation in ordering the assault on Normandy.Eisenhowers chief of staff, Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith, later wrote:. He sat there . tense, weighing every consideration. Finally he looked up, and the tension was gone from his face. He said briskly, well, well go.Model PaperCan Man Triumph over Nature?When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of mans success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms ofAppendix I- 98 -disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come.However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it.(154 words)Unit 2Part I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:What will the world be like in five hundred years time? A thousand years time? Or more? Some people are optimistic, looking forward to a better world. Others are pessimistic, and fear that things can only get worse. The writer of the song you are about to listen to takes the pessimistic view. Looking further and further into the future things seem to him to get worse and worse. By 3535, he foresees all our thoughts and feelings will be shaped by drugs. Looking further still into the future he foretells that our bodies will waste away as machines do everything for us. Family life as we know it will fade away as children are bred artificially, chosen, in the words of the song, from the bottom of a long black tube. Given that man seems to pay so little attention to taking care of the planet and avoiding using up all its resources, he ends by wondering whether man will still be around in the future. Its enough, as he says, to make even God shake his head.Here is the song:In the Year 2525Zager & EvansIn the year 2525 If man is still alive If woman can survive They may find- 9 -Appendix IIn the year 3535Aint gonna need* to tell the truth, tell no lies Everything you think, do, or say Is in the pill you took todayIn the year 4545Aint gonna need your teeth, wont need your eyesYou wont rind a thing to doNobodys gonna look at youIn the year 5555Your arms are hanging limp at your sidesYour legs not nothing to doSome machine is doing that for youIn the year 6565Aint gonna need no husband, wont need no wife-:Youll pick your son, pick your daughter .tooFrom the bottom of a long black tube.In the year, 7510. If Gods a-comin he ought to make it by then;Maybe hell look around himself and sayGuess its time for the Judgment Day1.In the year 8510Gods gonna shake his mighty head.Hell either say Im pleased where man has been Or tear it down and start againIn the year 9595Im kinda wondering if mans gonna be alive Hes taken everything this old earth can give And he aint put back nothing1 the Judgment Day: the end of the world, the time of Gods final judgment of all peopleAppendix I- 95Now its been 10,000 years Man has cried a billion tears For what he never knew Now mans reign is through But through the eternal night The twinkling of starlight So very far away Maybe its only yesterdayPart II Text AlText OrganizationPartsParagraphsMain IdeasP