非谓语动词：动词ing形式.ppt

学学习习重点：重点：1.非非谓语动词谓语动词的种的种类类;时态时态和和语态语态2.用法用法3.考点考点1.1.我看我看见见那个男孩在吃苹果那个男孩在吃苹果.I saw the boy eating an apple.2.在在树树下坐着的那女孩是我姐姐下坐着的那女孩是我姐姐.The girl sitting under the tree is my sister.3.学习对现代生活很重要Learning is important to modern life动词ing 形式表示:1.主动;进行 2.泛指,没有特别时间意义或习惯性长期性动作构成:V-ing 形式由形式由“doing”构成，构成，其否定形式其否定形式:“not doing”,V-ing 是可以是可以带宾语带宾语或状或状语语构成构成 V-ing 短短语语，没有人称和数的，没有人称和数的变变化，但有化，但有时态时态和和语态语态的的变变化。化。2.语态语态时态时态主主动语态动语态被被动语态动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式(not)doing(not)being done(not)having done(not)having been done动词动词-ing 形式的分形式的分一般式一般式和和完成式完成式:1.一般式一般式:表示表示这这个个的的动动作作正在正在进进行行或与或与谓语谓语表示的表示的动动作作同同时发时发生生.2.完成式完成式:强强调这调这个个的的动动作作在在谓语谓语动词动词所表示的所表示的动动作作之前之前完成完成.如:他们有说有笑地走出教室They went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.由于已经在这个城市住了三年,她对它非常了解.Having lived in this city for three years,she knows it very well.3.观察句子，找特点.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。Swimming is her favorite sport.我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。I remembered sending him an e-mail last week.他们住在一所朝南的房子里。They lived in a house facing south.我看见那个男孩在吃苹果 I saw the boy eating an apple.5.她的工作是保持 房间干净 Her job is keeping the room clean.6.由于已经在这个城市住了三年,她对它非常了解.Having lived in this city for three years,she knows it very well.主主语语定定语语宾语宾语表表语语状状语语宾语补宾语补 足足语语不定式不定式 v-ing 形式形式3125644.A动词动词-ing形式作主形式作主语语1动词-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。百闻不如一见。Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.2为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。争论这事是浪费时间。Itsawasteoftimearguingaboutit.必背必背动词动词-ing形式作主形式作主语语的几个常用句型。的几个常用句型。Itsnogoodtalkingtohim.和他谈话是没有用的。Itisuselesstelephoninghim.Heisnotwillingtocome.给他打电话没用。他不愿意来。Itsworthmakinganeffort.努力一下是值得的。Thereisnosayingwhenitwillstopraining.无法断定这场雨什么时候会停。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。5.B动词动词-ing形式作表形式作表语语1表示主表示主语语的内容的内容Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。2表示主表示主语语具有的特征具有的特征(动词动词ing相当一个形容相当一个形容词词）Theproblemisquitepuzzling.这个问题很令困惑。1.Herworkis_(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis_(go)toTsinghuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitis_(bite)nails（指甲）.6.C动词动词-ing形式作形式作宾语宾语动词动词-ing形式既可作形式既可作及物及物动词动词的的宾语宾语，也可作，也可作介介词词的的宾语宾语。1能用动词-ing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类，一类是只能用动词-ing形式作宾语，另一类是既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语。只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词(这类动词只能用-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语。)Fancymeetingyouhere!想不到在这儿见到你了！Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.建议用另一种方法做这件事。7.既可用既可用动词动词-ing形式作形式作宾语宾语，也可用不定式作，也可用不定式作宾语宾语这类动词虽然既能用-ing形式作宾语，也能用不定式作宾语，但用法并不相同，主要有以下几种情况：有些动词，如attempt,continue,hate,intend,like,love,prefer等，后面接动词-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。Theypreferspending/tospendtheirsummervacationinDalian.他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。Iintendtobuy/buyinganEnglish-Chinesedictionary.我想买一本英汉词典。提示提示应尽量避免接连出现两上动词-ing形式。IamstartingtolearnRussian.我开始学俄语。避免说：IamstartinglearningRussian.我开始学俄语。8.只能接只能接动词动词-ing形式作形式作宾语宾语的的动词动词：建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿；放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成；注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁；允许习惯不介意，价值开始想动名。9.1.He was in low spirits and even consider _(go)away.2.Practise _(put)your hand to the ground.3.I cant help _(have)the trip to Britain.4.Dont tell me you always escape _(fine)because you have a fast sports car.5.Leave off _(bite)your nails!6.He didnt feel like _(work),so he suggested _(spend)the day in the garden.7.You certainly mustnt miss _(see)the wonderful film.going putting havingbeing finedbiting working spending seeing 10.8.The doctor advised _(stay)longer in hospital.9.We appreciate your _(want)_(help)us in our difficulties.10.Michael has delayed _(write)to her till today.11.The law forbids _(sell)liquor to children.12.They all suggested _(give)more chances.13.Can you imagine _(leave)standing outside for a whole night.14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _(flood).ss8.The doctor advised _(stay)longer in hospital.9.We appreciate your _(want)_(help)us in our difficulties.10.Michael has delayed _(write)to her till today.11.The law forbids _(sell)liquor to children.12.They all suggested _(give)more chances.13.Can you imagine _(leave)standing outside for a whole night.14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _(flood).s8.The doctor advised _(stay)longer in hospital.9.We appreciate your _(want)_(help)us in our difficulties.10.Michael has delayed _(write)to her till today.11.The law forbids _(sell)liquor to children.12.They all suggested _(give)more chances.13.Can you imagine _(leave)standing outside for a whole night.14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _(flood).s8.The doctor advised _(stay)longer in hospital.9.We appreciate your _(want)_(help)us in our difficulties.10.Michael has delayed _(write)to her till today.11.The law forbids _(sell)liquor to children.12.They all suggested _(give)more chances.13.Can you imagine _(leave)standing outside for a whole night.14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _(flood).s9.We appreciate your _(want)_(help)us in our difficulties.8.The doctor advised _(stay)longer in hospital.10.Michael has delayed _(write)to her till today.11.The law forbids _(sell)liquor to children.12.They all suggested _(give)more chances.13.Can you imagine _(leave)standing outside for a whole night.14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _(flood).to helpstayingwantingwritingsellinggivingleaving being flooded11.必背必背只接只接动词动词-ing形式而不接不定式作形式而不接不定式作宾语宾语的的动词动词有：有：admit承认appreciate感激avoid避免putoff推迟keep保持consider考虑delay耽搁dislike嫌恶resist抵制mention提及enjoy喜欢escape避免excuse原谅practice练习mind介意fancy想不到feellike意欲finish完成risk冒险include包括forgive原谅giveup放弃suggest建议miss逃过imagine设想cannothelp情不自禁12.D动词动词-ing形式作形式作宾语补宾语补足足语语1.感官感官动词动词(see,hear,notice,watch,feel,smell,lookat,listento,observe)/find等等词词+sb+doingsthWeheardthechildrenshoutingupstairs.我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。Ifeltmyheartbeatingviolently.我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。2.感官感官动词动词(see,hear,notice,watch,feel,smell,lookat,listento,observe)+sb+dosth(用用动词动词原原形形时时，表示，表示动动作的全作的全过过程程.)Hesawagirlgettingonthebus.他看见一个女孩在上公共汽车。Hesawagirlgetonthebusanddriveoff.他看见一个女孩上公共汽车后开走了。13.3have,get,leave,keep,set,catch(等表示等表示“致致使使”的的动词动词)+sb/sth+doingsth(作作宾补宾补）Theyshouldnotleaveuswonderingwhattheywilldonext.他们不应该不让我们知道他们下一步要做什么。Iwonthaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.我们让火整夜燃烧着。点点拨拨；如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用动词-ing形式。Isawhimentertheroomsitdownandlightacigarette.我看见他走进房间，坐了下来，点燃了一根香烟。14.E动词动词-ing形式作定形式作定语语1 单单个的个的动词动词-ing形式可以作前置定形式可以作前置定语语，一般具有两种含，一般具有两种含义义。说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。areadingroom=aroomwhichisusedforreadingrunningshoes=shoesforrunningaworkingmethod=amethodofworking表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。developingcountries=countriesthataredeveloping发展中国家anordinary-lookinghouse=ahousethatlooksordinary看起来很普通的房子apuzzlingproblem=aproblemthatpuzzlessomebody困扰人的问题阅览室跑鞋工作方法15.2作定作定语语的的动词动词-ing形式如是一个短形式如是一个短语语，则应则应放在被修放在被修饰词饰词的后面。的后面。Theylivedinahousefacingsouth.他们住在一所朝南的房子里。3某些情况下，某些情况下，动词动词-ing形式不能用来作定形式不能用来作定语语，必，必须须用用定定语语从句。从句。作定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。【误】Theprofessorcominghereyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.【正】Theprofessorwhocamehereyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。16.动词-ing形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。【误】Thetemplehavingbeendestroyedbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.正】Thetemplewhichhasbeendestroyedbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。17.F动词动词-ing形式作状形式作状语语动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。1表示表示时间时间，相当于一个，相当于一个时间时间状状语语从句。从句。Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.我我们们已已经经作好了充分准作好了充分准备备，现现在可以在可以应应考了。考了。(=Afterwehavemadefullpreparations.)2表示原因，相当于一个原因状表示原因，相当于一个原因状语语从句。从句。Beingill,hedidntgotoschoolyesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(=Sincehewasill.)18.3 表示表示结结果，相当于一个并列果，相当于一个并列谓语谓语。His father died,leaving him a lot of money.=and left him a lot of money.他父他父亲亲死了，留死了，留给给他他许许多多钱钱.4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状表示条件，相当于一个条件状语语从句。从句。Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.=If you work hard at your lessons.如果你努力学如果你努力学习习，就一定能成功。，就一定能成功。5 表示表示让让步，相当于一个步，相当于一个让让步状步状语语从句。从句。Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.=Although they knew all this.尽管知道了一切情况，他尽管知道了一切情况，他们还们还是要我是要我赔偿损赔偿损失。失。19.e.g._a reply,he decided to write a sixth letter.A.Not receiving B.Not to receive C.Not having received D.Having not receivede.g.Having finished my homework,I went to watchTV.解析没收信的没收信的动动作作发发生在决定写信生在决定写信这这一一动动作之前作之前所以所以应该应该用用having done;having done;此此题题又是表否定含又是表否定含义义，分，分词词的否定式的否定式为为not doing/not having not doing/not having done;done;故故选选 c c6表示行表示行为为方式、伴随情况或方式、伴随情况或补补充充说说明，相当于一个并列明，相当于一个并列结结构。构。Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.=.andstaredattheskyforalongtime他躺在草地上，他躺在草地上，长时间长时间地望着天空。地望着天空。20.-ing 形式形式-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作定语和状语的用法 European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.（NMET1998）A.making B.makes C.made D.to make解析He rushed to the train station,only _ the train had gone.A.finding B.found C.finds D.to findD21.解析Making it the popular sport in the world为现为现在分在分词词短短语语作作结结果状果状语语，这这类类分分词词短短语语常放在句子的后面常放在句子的后面,v-ing表表示示顺顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：意料。如：His parents died,leaving him an orphan.He rushed to the post office only to find it was closed22.动动词词-ing形形式式的的逻逻辑辑主主语语A作主作主语语的的动词动词-ing形式形式动词-ing形式作主语时，其逻辑主语对于谈话双方是不言而喻的。Readingaloudisveryhelpful.朗读是很有好处的。(Readingaloud的逻辑主语是泛指任何人，因而无需表达出来)点点拨拨:如果作主语的动词-ing形式需要自己的逻辑主语时，一般用物主代词或名词所有格(即名词后加s)Hisfathersfallingillworriedhimgreatly.他父亲生病使他很着急。(hisfather是fallingill的逻辑主语)23.B作表作表语语的的动词动词-ing形式形式动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。Whatworriesmemostisherstayingtoolateeverynight.(stayingtoolateeverynight的逻辑主语是her)C作定作定语语的的动词动词-ing形式形式动词-ing形式作定语时，其逻辑主语就是它修饰的名词。aninterestingbook一本有意思的书=abookthatinterestsitsreadersarunningstream一条奔流的小溪=astreamthatisrunning24.如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，就要用-ing形式的被动式。正在北京召开的会议非常重要。Themeeting_(hold)inBeijingnowisofgreatimportance(themeeting和“举行”之间的关系是被动的，同时此动作正在进行，所以用beingheld)being held25.1._(see)from the mountain,we can see the river running through the city.2.I am looking forward to _(see)you again.3.The boy was lucky enough to escape _(punish)4.I apologize to you for _(tell)you the truth immediately.5.Its no use _(try)to make me believe you.6.The girl _(sit)under that tree is my sister.7._(lose)her new bicycle made Mary so upset.8._(receive)a reply,he decided to write again.9.I smell something _(burn)tin the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?(2007 全国卷）10.Toms _(attend)the meeting made everyone there very happy.11.The teacher asked me _(hand)in my homework.12.We dont allow _(smoke),so you must go to the smoking room.13.We dont allow you _(smoke)here.14.Nobody are allowed _(smoke)here.Seeingseeingbeing punishednot tellingtryingsitingLosingNot having receivedburningattendingto handsmokingto smoketo smoke26.1.Since I dont know her address,I cant get in touch with her.1.Since I dont know her address,I cant get in touch with her.2.We have come here in order that we can improve our English.2.We have come here in order that we can improve our English.3.They came into the room and they were singing and dancing.3.They came into the room and they were singing and dancing.4.When she heard the news,she couldnt help laughing.4.When she heard the news,she couldnt help laughing.5.After he closed the windows,he went home.5.After he closed the windows,he went home.6.When we had finished the work,we went out to play.6.When we had finished the work,we went out to play.7.If the weather permits,well go out on an outing.7.If the weather permits,well go out on an outing.8.That Sam came to school late made his teacher quite angry.8.That Sam came to school late made his teacher quite angry.Task:change the following sentences into simple ones.Not knowing her address,Not knowing her address,To improve our English,we have come here.To improve our English,we have come here.They came into the room,singing and dancing.They came into the room,singing and dancing.Hearing the news,she Hearing the news,she Having closed the windows,Having closed the windows,Having finished the work,weHaving finished the work,weWeather permittingWeather permitting,Sams coming to school late Sams coming to school late made his teacher quite angrymade his teacher quite angry27.28.