第八讲听力试题的命题规律和解题技3.doc

第八讲 听力试题的命题规律和解题技巧

(3)解题技巧
　　一篇文章，一个主题，内容上完整统一，所有的细节都是围绕主题展开，为主题服务。听力理解所要求的是对文章的整体把握，细节也应该是用于说明主题的主要细节。也就是说，每篇短文的几个题是相互关联的，相互说明的。选择细节理解题时应注意：
① 注意抓主要细节；
② 注意信息的直接辨认，从听力文章中找到信息句；
③ 注意各题之间的关联，保证相互说明，不能相互矛盾。

3．复合式听写

试题分布

复合式听写共有短文一篇，设10个小题。1-7题要求用原词填写，8-10只是补全信息，不必用原词。

题眼设计

1)1- 7题设计规律
① 所填单词以实词为主。97，98两年的复合式听写中只有一个是介词，其他13个全是名词、形容词或副词。

② 7个单词以评价性词汇为主，也就是说可以从上下文找到说明的信息。如97年6月的复合式听写：
In police work, you can never predict the next crime or problem. No working day is identical to any other, so there is no （1）"______" day for a police officer.
既然没有一天是相同的，也就没有哪一天是"典型的"。根据这种因果说明可以判断所填单词为typical。而没有一天完全相同，也正说明了警察的工作富于变化，由此也可以判断下面的第5个空填variety( I think I can (describe) police word in one word:（5） _______.)。

③ 表示信息复现的词汇为题眼
　　有些词语即使听不清楚同样可以填出。如98年1月的复合式听写。
　　文章的第一段介绍了Michael如何5岁上高中，10岁上大学，11岁攻读硕士学位。第二段开始一个转折，介绍他的这种"成功"也来之不易。 所填单词为上义词复现，对上文的总结，自然应该是success。(But Michael's _____ hasn't always come easy.

④ 表示信息同现的词汇为题眼
　　复合式听写所天词汇一部分是同现词汇，如97年考题：
One day, for example, I was working undercover; that is, I was on the job, but I was wearing （6）____ clothes, not my police （7）______.
通常情况下警察所穿的应该是"制服"，即uniform，这样，uniform, wear就构成的同现关系。根据（6）（7）的对照同现关系，可以判断（6）所表示的应该是"便装"，这也正式对上文working undercover的解释。

⑤ 对文章叙述逻辑的考查
　　叙述逻辑即上下文的因果、转折、递进、解释等关系。如果同学们能看出这些关系，则不用听就可以将所缺单词填上。如98年考题。
But Michael's (success) hasn't always come easy. (5)______ his intelligence, he still lacks important life (6)_______. In one class, he had to struggle to understand (7)______ novels, because, he says, "I'm 11. I've never been in love before."
　　由上下文个逻辑关系可以判断（5）应该填Despite，即虽然他很聪慧，但却缺乏很重要的生活……。后面在课上所发生的事情是说明他缺乏（……）的一个例证。例证本身不仅说明了（6）应该填experiences，同时也说明（7）应该填love。

2）8-10题设计规律

　　8-10基本上是三句话，从句子内容来看，大体有两种情况。
① 用于说明主题的细节
　　这部分听写一般是段落的主题已经给出，要求同学们补全支撑细节。如98年考题：
Another challenge was his size. (8) _____________________________.
紧接着的一句显然是用来说明Another challenge was his size.的，原句是high school physical education was difficult, because all of the equipment was too big for the then five-year-old student.

　　97年的8-10题也是如此，所描述的是用来说明警察工作危险的细节。请看原文
Sometimes, it's dangerous. One day, for example, I was working undercover,….. I was trying to catch some robbers who were stealing money from people as they walked down the street. Suddenly, (8) ____. Another policeman arrived, and together, we arrested three of the men; but the other four ran away. Another day, I helped a woman who was going to have a baby. (9) ______. I put her in my police car to get her there faster. I thought she was going to have the baby right there in my car. But fortunately, (10) ____________.

② 概括性的结论或主题
　　95年以来，复合式听写只考过两次，其中98年的第十句为结论句（Michael is smart, but he is like every other kid. ）是最全文的一个概括。主题句还没有考过，但主题与结论做为文章的重点之笔应该是听力理解的重点，也应该是复合式听力所应包含的东西。

解题技巧:
　　根据上面所谈的复合式听写的特点，我建议在做复合式听写时最好做到一下几点：
① 注意话题知识的运用。
文章的话题规定了用词范围，根据话题判断单词有注意明确词汇。
② 利用词汇的同现和复现关系。
③ 根据上下文推测词汇的运用。
④ 在做8-10题时在不能将原句完全记下的情况下,将关键词记下来,然后根 据关系词，结合文章叙述的逻辑，重新编写句子。

三、四六级英语听力的解题技巧

1．对话
　　根据对话听力的设题特点，我认为在解答对话听力理解题时同学们应注意以下几点：
1）提前阅读选项，判断问题所属，从而集中精力于有关信息。
2）注意根据信息词汇判断地点和说话人的身份职业等。
　　当同学们看到四个地点和职业名词时，大脑中就应该马上出现与这些地点或职业相关的一系列词语，在听的过程中注意提到了什么信息词语，这样就可轻松地判断谈话发生的地点，说话人的职业或身份，以及谈话双方的关系。
　　为此，同学们有必要了解与各种职业和地点行业有关的信息词汇，如：
饭店:menu, order, waitress, waiter, take order, go Dutch, It's my treat等；
旅馆:check in/out, make a reservation, register, reception desk等；
医院:physician,doctor,nurse,operation-room, emergency room, visiting
hours, prescribe, pill等；
银行：open an account, withdraw, deposit, saving, cash a check等；
飞机/机场：flight, safety-belt, boarding card, captain, airhostess, airline, take off, land, crash等。
　　有关信息词汇同学们可以参看四六级英语《听力分册》，这里就不再一一列举。

3）注意加减运算，听到的不是答案

　　在涉及时间、距离、金钱等数量概念的听力中，一般都要求同学们进行加减方面的运算，很少是听到什么就是什么。有时，计算可能会麻烦些，同学们可以先将听到的时间等记下，等有时间再计算。在计算题中应特别注意以下数字的读音差别：
13---30 14-40 15 --- 50 16 --- 60 17 -70 18 -80 19 -90
　　选项中会有这种数字读音差别的考查。如：
W: when does the next train leave?
M: You have just missed one by 5 minutes. Trains leave every 50
minutes, so you'll have to wait for a while.
Q: How long does the woman have to wait for the next train?
A. 45 minutes. B. 50 minutes. C. 10 minutes. D. 5 minutes.
　　如果把50minutes 听成了15 minutes，就会误选选项C。

4）注意记笔记，将人物、地点、时间等对号入座

　　听力测试中的另外一种现象就是，四个选项中的人物、地点、时间或事件等在对话中可能都有提及。在这种情况下，同学们所需要的不是寻找信息词，而是注意将四个选项与对话中提及的信息对号入座。如：
① W: Do you enjoy life in Washington?
M: Yes, indeed. I'm planning to move to New York or Boston.
Anyway, I've never regretted my earlier decision.
Q: Where does the man live now?
A. In New York. B. In Boston C. In Newport D. In Washington
　　四个地点对话中提到了三个，具体是哪一个，同学们在听的时候应注意分辨。
②M:Please buy two packs of cigarettes for me while you are at the store.
W:I am not going to any store. I'm going to see Aunt Mary. But I
will get them for you at the gas station.
Q:Where will the woman stop on her way?
A. At a cigarette store. B. At a bus station.
C. At a gas station. D. At Aunt Mary's

③M:I'd like to make two reservations on Flight 651 for June 8th.
W:I'm sorry, we're booked up on the 8th. But we still have a few
seats available on June 9th.
Q:When does the man want to leave?
A. On the 6th of June. B. On the 8th of June. C. On the 9th of June. D. On the 19th of June
　　如果地点不含职业性的对比，一般就很可能属于这里所介绍的类型，那么同学们所做的就是分别。

5)从语法入手、从短语含义入手，判断隐含之意

　　在四六级听力中常考查到的语法是建议和虚拟语气。要求同学们判断建议是什么，虚拟中含义是什么。就建议而言，同学们只需注意建议的各种表达方式，就可解答这类听力题；至于虚拟语气，我想同学们可以记住这样一条规律：
　　与所听到的相反的就是答案。

6) 概括与具体，具体与抽象相对，概括的、抽象的是解

　　这类题主要是话题的选择，也包括一些对整个事件的评价等。如：
① W:We all talk about how liberated we are, but in fact woman are
still not treated equally.
M:I don't think so. You've got the vote, you've got your careers
I think you've got everything important.
Q:What are they talking about?
A.The woman's job as a librarian. B.Woman's rights in society.
C.An important election. D. Career planning.
　　谈论的话题应是一个抽象的概括性的东西，所以答案是B。

②M:This has been the worst flood for the past 20 years. It has
caused much damage and destruction.
W:Look at the price of fruits and vegetables.No wonder they are
expensive.
Q:What are they talking about?
A. The effects of the flood.
B. The heroic fight against flood.
C. The cause of the flood.
D. Floods of the past twenty years.
　　能够概括对话中物价上涨的应该是A。