romanticism-浪漫主义.ppt

RomanticismContentsvGeneralintroductionvHistoricalandsocialbackgroundvRomanticisminmusicvRomanticisminvisualartsvRomanticisminliteraturevRomanticismandsciencevCharacteristicsofromanticismvDistinctionsbetweenromanticismandNeoclassicismGeneralintroductionRomanticismisamovementthatmarkedapartialreactioninliterature,philosophy,art,religion,andpoliticsfromneoclassicismoftheprecedingperiod.Forromantics,thefeeling,institutionsandemotionsweremoreimportantthanreasonandcommonsense.Itstartedaroundtheyearof1780andendaroundtheyearof1830.ThemovementoriginatedinGermanyandquicklyspreadtoEngland,France,andothercountries.ItreachedtoAmericaaroundtheyearof1820.Romanticismvaluestheparticularinsight,Itrejectsanysenseofrationallimitstowhatthehumanimaginationmightknow.Asamovement,romanticisminvolvedarevoltagainstconventionandauthorityandasearchforfreedominpersonal,political,andartisticlife.Itstressedindividualism,affirmedthevalueofthecommonpeople.HistoricalandsocialbackgroundvTheFrenchRevolutionandIndustrialRevolutionplayedahugeroleininfluencingRomanticism.vAstheFrenchRevolutionchangedthelivesofvirtuallyeveryoneinthenationandevencontinentbecauseofitsdrasticandimmediateshiftinsocialreformation,itgreatlyinfluencedmanywritersatthetime.vInsteadofsearchingforrulesgoverningnatureandhumanbeings,theromanticssearchedforadirectcommunicationwithnatureandtreatedhumansasuniqueindividualsnotsubjecttooldrules.TheFrenchRevolutionvTheIndustrialRevolutionbroughtgreatchangestothesociety.Thenewtechnologiesandneweconomicideasoccurredatthattime.AlloftheseexertgreatinfluenceonRomanticism.TheIndustrialRevolutionTheSpinningJenny1760sSteam Engine:James Watt:1777,Steam Engine:James Watt:1777,First used in coal industryFirst used in coal industryTextile mills-late 1800sTextile mills-late 1800sRomanticisminMusic MusicalRomanticismwasmarkedbyemphasis on originality and individuality,emotional expression,and freedom andexperimentationofform.LudwigvanBeethoven and Franz Schubert bridged theClassical and Romantic periods,for whiletheirformalmusicaltechniqueswerebasically Classical,their musics intenselypersonalfeelingandtheiruseofprogrammaticelementsprovidedanimportant model for 19th-century Romanticcomposers.vSymphony（交响乐）Hero英雄Destiny命运vPiano Sonata（钢琴奏鸣曲）Pathetique悲怆Moonlight月光Storm暴风雨andenthusiasm.热情vLudwigvanBeethoven（贝多芬）vEllensdritterGesang（圣母颂）vDieschneMllerin,D.795（美丽的磨坊女）v第四交响曲“悲剧”，第五交响曲，第八交响曲“未完成”，第九交响曲伟大”，vFranzPeterSchubert（弗朗茨舒伯特）RomanticisminvisualartsAsalientfeaturedefiningRomanticpainterswastheirheightenedawarenessofthebeautiesofthenaturalworld.Artistsidentifiedtheirpersonalfeelingswithnatureschangingaspects.Theartistwasseenastheinterpreterofhiddenmysteriesofnature,towhichendimaginativeinsightmustcombinewithabsolutefidelityandsincerity.Interestintransitoryphenomenaledpainterstodevotethemselvestoanaccuratestudyoflightandatmosphereandtheireffectsonthelandscape.Andduringthisperiod,theindividualismwasstressedandhadastronginfluenceonthevisualarts.WanderingAbovetheSeaofFogCasparDavidFriedrich,1818SirFrankDicksee(1853-1928)SnowstormTurnerAuroraBorealis FredericChurch(1865)AnAvalancheintheAlpsPhilipJamesdeLoutherbourg,1803RomanticisminliteraturevThisperiodisalsoagreatfloweringtimeforliterature.Romanticliteratureischaracterizedbyrelianceontheimaginationandsubjectivityofapproach,freedomofthoughtandexpression,andanidealizationofnature.Thisliteratureemphasizedanewflexibilityofformadaptedtovaryingcontent,encouragedthedevelopmentofcomplexandfast-movingplots,andallowedmixedgenres(tragicomedyandtheminglingofthegrotesqueandthesublime)andfreerstyle.vTheLakePoetsWilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)vWilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)wasoneofthemostaccomplishedandinfluentialofEnglandsromanticpoets,whosetheoriesandstylecreatedanewtraditioninpoetry.HisLyricalBallads,firstpublishedin1798andcollaboratedwithSamuelTaylorColeridge)isgenerallytakentomarkthebeginningoftheromanticmovementinEnglishpoetry.vHismasterpieces:I Wandered Lonely as a CloudvComposed upon Westminster BridgevAndShe Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways,etc.SamuelTaylorColeridge(1772-1834)vApoetandcritic,onceanintimatefriendofWilliamandDorothyWordsworth,keptintimaterelationwithRobertSouthey.Hewasamajorinfluence,viaEmerson,onAmericantranscendentalism.vAsapoet,hecomposedseveralgreatvworks,including:vThe Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1798)vKubla Khan(1797,unfinished,54lines)vChristabel(1797-1800,unfinished,itvresemblesincontenttheGothicnovels)RobertSouthey(1714-1843)vApoetLaureatefrom1813-1843,onevoftheLakepoets.vSoutheywasaprolificletterwriter,vliteraryscholar,essaywriter,historianvandbiographer.Inpoetry,hewasvrememberedonlyforhisshortpoems,vsuchasMy Days among the Dead Arev Passed.vA Vision of Judgment(1821)GeorgeGordonByronv1)shortlyricsandsonnet:vHoursofIdleness(1807),HebrewMelodies(1815)Prometheus(1816),SonnetonChillon(1816)v2)poeticdrama:vManfred(1817),Cain(1821),HeavenandEarth(1821)v3)longnarrativepoem:vChildeHaroldsPilgrimage(1812,1st,2nd),ThePrisonerofChillon(1816),ChildeHaroldsPilgrimage(1816,3rd;1818,4th)vDonJuan(1818-1820)v4)satiricalpoem:vEnglishBardsandScotchReviewers(1807)vTheVisionofJudgment(1821)PercyByssheShelley(1792-1822)vApoetwithaphilosophicaldepth;Asocialistwithpuresympathytothecommonpeople;Asoldierwhokeptfightingagainstthetyranny.vHismainworks:1)LongnarrativepoemQueen Mab(1813)v2)PoeticdramaPrometheus Unboundv3)lyricpoem(natureandlove)Ode to the West Wind(1819)v4)literarycriticismA Defence of Poetry(1840)JohnKeats(1795-1821)vThepoetofbeautyandlove,amanmadeonewithNature”.v1)LongPoemsvEndymion,TheEveofSt.Agnes,Hyperion,TheFallofHyperionv2)Shortpoems:OdesandSonnetsvOdetoPsyche,OdetoANightingalevOdeonaGrecianUrn,OdetoIndolencevOdeToAutumn,OdeonMelancholyJaneAustenvHerbest-knownbooksincludePRIDEANDPREJUDICE(1813)andEMMA(1816).VirginiaWoolfcalledAustenthemostperfectartistamongwomen.RomanticismandSciencevTheRomanticmovementaffectedmostaspectsofintellectuallife,andRomanticismandSciencehadapowerfulconnection,especiallyintheperiod18001840.Manyscientistswereinfluencedbyromanticthoughts.TheirworktouncoverwhattheytendedtobelievewasaunifiedandorganicNature.Thenaturalsciencehadmadegreatprogressduringthisperiod.CharacteristicsofromanticismvRomanticismextolledtheindividual,celebratedtheimagination,andglorifiednaturebesidesitsusualemphasisoverthefeatureslikeintuitive,thesubjective,theirrational,thespontaneous,thevisionary,theemotional,theexotic,themysteriousandtrancendental.SomeGeneralDistinctionsbetweenRomanticismandNeoclassicismvValuesNeoclassicvabsolute,public,rational,humanistRomanticvprivate,spiritual,universalthroughSpiritinnatureandinhumankindvSubjectsNeoclassicvpublicandpoliticalconcerns,socialresponsibility,manners&morals;TheproperstudyofmankindisMan(Pope)vnaturalworldservesasanimageoforanalogyforhumanconcernsvdealswithpolite,urbanesociety,upperandmiddleclasses;thenaturalworldservesasanimageoforanalogyforhumanconcernsRomanticvhumankindgenerally,nature&thesoul,spiritualidentitya-political(orradical)vhumanvalue,perceptionandwholeness,oftenevokedthroughanddeeplyconnectedtothenaturalworldvinclusionoftheelderly,women,children,theruralandtheunletteredvAllusionandhistoryNeoclassicvClassicalGreeceand,especially,AugustanRome,alsotheBibleRomanticvthemythic,themediaeval,thegothic,irrational,remoteReferencesvhttp:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RomanticismvSteinerGeorge1998After Babel,ch.6Topologies of culture,3rdrevisededitionvWarrack,John.2002.Romanticism.