西点课业--英语语法精讲--延继性动词和终止性动词.doc

西点课业初中英语延继性动词和终止性动词讲解与专项训练1. When Henry arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for two hours. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away2. I _ the League for five years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in D. join3. The factory _ since the February of 1995. A. has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4. Mary and Rose _ friends since they met in London in 1998. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become5. You mustnt _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left D. have been6. The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over D. has been in7. Miss Gao_this school since 1996. A. has come to B. came to C. has taught D.has been in8. Ben _ a teacher for early three years. A. has been B. has become C. was D. became9. I _ home for a week up to now. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned D. were10. How long _ Mr Smith _? A. did; die B. was; dead C. was; dying D. has; been dead11. When I _ in Beijing, it was raining hard. A. got B. reached C. arrived D. was12. Tom _ the car for two months. A. has had B. bought C. has bought D. had got13. -How long _ you _? -Two weeks. A. did; all ill B. have; fallen ill C. were; ill D. have; been ill14. Since 1942 he _ his hometown.A. has left B. has moved away fromC. has been away from D. moved away from15. Ill lend you the bike, but you can only _ it for two days. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. take16. The bus _ on the road for an hour. A. has stopped B. stopped C. is stopping D. has been17. Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. pulling on(Keys: 1-5 DCABB 6-10 CDABD 11-15 CADCC 16-17 DA)浅谈延续性动词和终止性动词一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。二、延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示段时间的状语连用。表示段时间的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的点时间状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示点时间，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：-When did you get to know Jack?-Two years ago.-Then youve known each other for more than two years.-Thats right.三、终止性动词的用法特征1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：The train has arrived.火车到了。Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：(1)他死了三年了。误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died.正：Three years has passed since he died.(2)他来这儿五天了。误：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here.正：Five days has passed since he came here.(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示段时间的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。(2)将句中表示段时间的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。(3)用句型It is+段时间+since.表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。(4)用句型时间+has passed+since.表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：He hasnt left here since 1986.I havent heard from my father for two weeks.4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成not+终止性动词+until/till .的句型，意为直到才。如：You cant leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是点时间(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是段时间(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. (reach为终止性动词)Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如：误：How long have you come here?正：How long have you been here?正：When did you come here?4