发现问题分析问题解决问题.doc

发现问题 分析问题 解决问题
——高2009级“一诊”英语试卷分析及高考复习教学建议
合川区教科所 胡本正

一、试卷评价（略）
二、得分情况数据
1、各大题得分率统计
题型
听力
单项
完形
阅读
得分率
71.18％
65.2％
69.75％
49.8％
2. 各小题得分率统计
题号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
A
94.4
18.0
49.2

81.6
94.0

91.1

97.5

48.4
27.1

B

61.1
394
97.2

82.1

18.4
82.1
45.4
50.9

C

20.6
11.3

12.3

86.4

73.8

21.7
85.9
D

题号
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
A
45.5
17.5

30.1
25.5
14.0

14.0
10.2

64.1

B
41.0

14.8

78.7

14.8
11.6
C
13.2
73.6

21.4
59.1
86.0

80.4
15.9
47.6
11.2
31.3
D

52.9
43.9
20.1

75.1
47.3
9.8
54.7

题号
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
A

48.6

26.3
15.1

74.9

48.7

B
93.3
10.2
11.0
85.1
14.9
15.2

73.9
80.5

87.7
35.4

18.2
C

17.8
81.1

46.2

84.5

14.8
91.7

10.9
74.4
52.2
D

23.2

63.3

18.0

21.7

题号
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
A

62.2

29.9
17.4
81.0
17.1
43.4

59.0

254
35.4
48.5
B

13.7

77.0
26.4

30.3

61.3
24.0
49.0
28.2
20.0
19.3
C

93.2

38.5
58.3

33.8

29.6

28.2

26.8
22.4
D
87.9
19.5

18.6
43.8

16.8
39.5
17.7

题号
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
A

21.7

51.0
16.2
36.6

15.8

27.2

17.3
38.5
B

31.6
13.9

51.8
38.0
14.7

11.4

14.2

20.6
12.4
C
56.2
20.7
43.9

58.0

35.3
13.7
59.2
67.6
83.4
44.5
14.5
20.3
40.4
D
27.0
46.4
16.8
23.1
16.9

14.0
68.0
15.4
11.8

13.6
68.0
41.4

三、学生答题情况分析
（一）、听力
该题得分率71.18％。学生做得比较好，分析意义不大。
（二）、单项选择
平均9.78分，得分率65.2％
1、得分率较高的试题有25、26、27、29题。
25. _______ down the radio a little—the baby is sleeping.
A. Turning B.Turn C. To turn D. Turned
26. Not a single word _________ at the meeting yesterday.
A. he said B. said he C. did he say D. he didn’t say
27. —I don’t know _______ makes her different from others.
—Honesty, I think.
A. how is it that B. how it is that
C. what is it that D. what it is that
29. ________ Gong Li, how many of her movies do you really like?
A. Talking of B. To talk of C. Talked of D. Talk of
以上试题的特点：纯语法和句子结构。
能否得出结论：我们高三英语教师对语法复习（教学）很到位，长难句分析能力较往几届学生有较大提高？
2、得分较差的试题有22、23、28、32、35题。
22. My MP4 has disappeared. Who _________ have taken it away?
A. could B. should C. must D. might
23. The house could fall down soon if no one ________ some quick repair work.
A. has done B is doing C. does D. had done
28. —How about both of us chatting online?
—_________. It’s much cheaper than talking on the phone.
A. No way B. I don’t care C. Well, of course D. All right
32. He charged $ 5000 for the second-hand car, ________ we managed to bring the prices down.
A. but B. so C. when D. as
35. —Where have you been all day?
—I _______ an old friend of mine and we couldn’t say goodbye until it was dark.
A. have seen B. have been seeing C. saw D. was seeing
以上试题的特点：情景。即使23和35题也主要需要对句子所表达的情景的正确理解。
能否得出结论：我们高三英语教学对于语言知识在具体的语境中的运用存在问题。
对高三英语复习教学的启发：语言知识的复习讲解不能脱离恰当的语言情景。
（如：My father took me to the park yesterday. My father is a man.）
（三）、完形填空
完形填空是绝大多数考试时得分率很低的一个题型，但今年“一诊”我们合川中学该题的得分率竟然达到了69.75％（平均20.92分）。
老师们的学生一定会做的更好，现在我们一起来分析学生做的好的原因。
我认为有以下原因：
1）、文章结构简单，故事情节不复杂（不曲折），几乎每一个段落都是讲述同样的故事，学生容易从整体上理解文章。第一段的would never run well埋下伏笔，而后每个段落都由一句We didn’t tell him he would never…, so he didn’t know.结束。
2）、个别试题的干扰项没有很好的起到干扰的作用。如37、44、46题。
能否得出结论：如果学生很好的理解了文章的结构，对文章的行文逻辑理解比较透彻，那学生就会在完形填空上的高分？
1、得分率70％以上的试题有11个小题，占55％。得分率80％以上的试题有7个小题，占35％，有37、39、41、42、46、48、52小题。
My son Joey was born with club feet (畸形足). The doctors told us that with 36 he would be able to walk 37 but would never run very well. The first three years of his 38 were spent in surgery (手术). By the time he was eight, you wouldn’t know he had a 39 when you saw him walk.
The children in our 40 ran around as most children do during play, and Joey would jump right in and run and play, too. We never told him that he probably wouldn’t be 41 to run as well as the other children. So ha didn’t know.
In seventh grade he 42 to go out for the cross-country team. Every day he trained with the team. He worked harder and ran more than any of the others. Perhaps he 43 that the abilities that seemed to come 44 to so many others did not come naturally to him. 45 the entire team runs, only the top seven runners have the 46 to score points for the school. We didn’t tell him he probably would never make the team, so he didn’t know.
He 47 to run four to five miles a day, every day—even the day he had a fever. I was 48 , so I went to look for him after school. I found him running alone. I asked him how he felt. “ 49 ,” he said. He had two more miles to go. The 50 ran down his face and his eyes were glassy from his fever. Yet he looked 51 ahead and kept running. We never told him he 52 run four miles with a fever. So he didn’t know.
Two weeks later, the names of the team runners were 53 . Joey was number six on the list. Joey had made the team. He was in seventh grade—the other six team members were all eight-graders. We never told him he couldn’t 54 to make the team. We never told him he couldn’t do it. We never told him he couldn’t do all those things. So he didn’t know. He 55 did it.
37. A. silently B. usually C. normally D. quickly
39. A. confidence B. problem C. success D. comfort
41. A. pleased B. certain C. able D. willing
42. A. refused B. decided C. remembered D. promised
46. A. strength B. benefit C. intelligence D. chance
48. A. upset B. angry C. worried D. disappointed
52. A. couldn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
以上试题的特点：这些选项都与上下文（或全文）的情景联系紧密。
能否得出结论：只要对文章情节理解正确，选对正确答案就不会太难？
2、得分率较低的试题有43、50、51、53、54等小题。
My son Joey was born with club feet (畸形足). The doctors told us that with 36 he would be able to walk 37 but would never run very well. The first three years of his 38 were spent in surgery (手术). By the time he was eight, you wouldn’t know he had a 39 when you saw him walk.
The children in our 40 ran around as most children do during play, and Joey would jump right in and run and play, too. We never told him that he probably wouldn’t be 41 to run as well as the other children. So ha didn’t know.
In seventh grade he 42 to go out for the cross-country team. Every day he trained with the team. He worked harder and ran more than any of the others. Perhaps he 43 that the abilities that seemed to come 44 to so many others did not come naturally to him. 45 the entire team runs, only the top seven runners have the 46 to score points for the school. We didn’t tell him he probably would never make the team, so he didn’t know.
He 47 to run four to five miles a day, every day—even the day he had a fever. I was 48 , so I went to look for him after school. I found him running alone. I asked him how he felt. “ 49 ,” he said. He had two more miles to go. The 50 ran down his face and his eyes were glassy from his fever. Yet he looked 51 ahead and kept running. We never told him he 52 run four miles with a fever. So he didn’t know.
Two weeks later, the names of the team runners were 53 . Joey was number six on the list. Joey had made the team. He was in seventh grade—the other six team members were all eight-graders. We never told him he couldn’t 54 to make the team. We never told him he couldn’t do it. We never told him he couldn’t do all those things. So he didn’t know. He 55 did it.
43. A. sensed B. understood C. learned D. drove
50. A. tears B. heat C. sweat D. failure
51. A. obviously B. anxiously C. straight D. typically
53. A. discovered B. called C. completed D. examined
54. A. expect B. like C. fail D. try
以上试题的特点：这些选项都与上下文（或全文）的情景联系相对不是那么紧密，多停留的句子层面上。当然也有由于对文章情节的理解不对而导致的（如50题选A的同学）。
能否得出结论：对文章情节理解重于其他？
对高三英语复习教学的启发：提高学生从整体上把握文章的能力是提高学生做完形填空能力的关键。
（四）、阅读理解
平均分19.9分，得分率49.8％。 其中
A篇3.66分，45.7％ B篇3.9分，48.8％ C篇3.98分，49.7％
D篇5.56分，69.55％ E篇3.43分，42.82％
文章分析：
我们重点分析D和E两篇文章（做得最好的和做得最差的）。
D篇：学生对文章题材有体验，比较熟悉。情节较简单；虽有较长的句子，但句子结构却很简单。
① If a child seems upset or anxious about school, pretends to be sick to stay home, repeatedly winds up in the nurse’s or principal’s office, or refuses to talk about the school day, you should be concerned.
②A firm “Have a great day, and I’ll pick you up at 2:30!” is more confidence-inspiring than “Don’t worry, I can be there in ten minutes if you need me.”
E篇：学生对文章题材不熟悉。情节较复杂；长难句是真正的长难句，句子长且结构复杂。
①In 314 control towers and navigation (导航) centers across the country, the air traffic controllers comfortably sit down in windowless rooms, staring at radar screens that show aircraft moving through thousands of square miles.
②Radio headsets make nonstop noises with pilots requesting course changes, asking for greater or smaller heights, and, on a bad day, declaring emergencies.
③But with the increase in air travel following World War II, the government stepped into regulate-control with rules—flight paths around major airports, and the responsibility for navigation changed from pilots to air traffic controllers.
④The truth is your car’s global positioning system GPS) has more precision than the air traffic control technology in use today.
A篇：文章故事情节复杂。人物多且关系复杂可能是导致学生理解困难的关键。
选项分析：
D篇：以考查细节为主，虽然71题考文章的篇章结构（模仿2008年北京E篇），对于学生来说，并不容易找到文章的中心句“…you should be concerned”。我斗胆猜测，选对71题的学生中相当一部分并没有读懂文章中心。可学生怎么选对的呢？选项设置太简单，而且胆大的学生从One fear…is….甚至就敢作出选择。
E篇：多考查归纳、猜测判断、推理等，这有利于优生的选拔。不过考点设置可能不十分合理，比如文章最后一句就设置了两道题（74和75题），这在很大程度上增加了试卷的难度（对于中等学生）。
得分较差的试题有：58、59、60、63、74、75等，这些试题多位推理判断、文章中心（标题）、猜测词义等。
能否得出结论：阅读方面：学生阅读情节较复杂，长难句较多且难理解的文章有较大困难。
理解方面：细节理解易，文章中心理解难。
对高三英语复习教学的启发：是否能得到完形填空一样的启示呢？理解了文章中心就易，没有就难。因此：
1、 阅读完形是英语科高考的重中之重，高三的后期复习选材至关重要，我们务必把好材料选择关，质量不好的材料宁可不用。
2、 评讲一定要有招（比如教师不备课评讲完形填空）。
（五）、短文改错
短文改错是否固定搭配多了一点。有neither…nor; in other words; devote…to…; the same等。
得分较差的试题有：77、79、83、84、85题。学生知道比较级中常常用到any other，于是改不到77题，学生知道communicate with于是83题将about改为with，学生经常见到类似I wonder it is的句子，于是改不到85题。
能否得出结论：受其他知识的干扰严重。即知识记忆不错，灵活运用很差（这一点在单项选择中也有体现）。
对高三英语复习教学的启发：语言知识在语境中的运用要一起我们的高度重视。
（五）、书面表达（略）

结论：
1、基础知识掌握尚可，但不具备灵活运用的能力，或至少说是知识不熟练，容易混淆。
2、语境理解能力非常差。
从试卷中可以明显看出学生语境理解能力很差，大量试题因为对语境理解或上下文之间的行文逻辑判断有误而误选。学生对于语言知识在具体（尤其是真实的）语境中的运用能力还很弱。这要求我们英语教师在给学生提供例句的时候要同时提供尽可能真实的语言使用情景。
3、长难句分析能力有待进一步提高。
长难句分析能力会直接影响到语言运用能力（特别是阅读能力）的提高。从试卷中可以看出学生对结构较复杂或较长的句子的分析和理解存在一点的问题。
教师要给学生提供比较典型的长难句，给学生做示范分析，切实加强长难句分析教学，努力提高学生的长难句分析能力。
4、文章整体理解能力不强。
由于学生整体理解文章的能力不足，一旦有生词或某个长难句没读懂，就不能保持良好的心态，心情浮躁，导致缺乏读懂文章的信心。若是，我们在阅读选材要适当选用有生词以及长难句较多的材料去磨练学生的意志。
另一方面，是否是我们高一、二的课文教学出了偏差，我们教师以及学生是否过分重视词汇和句子的教学和学习，而忽略对语篇的教学和学习呢？高三了能否补救？我们应认真研究。
高中英语课文教学究竟是树木→森林，或是：森林→树木。我们大家可以一起进行实验研究。
四、高三英语复习教学建议
（为什么复习？可否不复习？）
（一）、复习策略要得当
以《纲》为纲 （《纲》指《考试大纲》）
（二）、复习目的要正确
巩固基础知识、发展语言能力、训练解题技巧
（三）、复习思路要清晰
一轮复习力争基础知识过关
二轮复习训练解题技巧
三轮复习查漏补缺
（四）、复习方法要有效
1、基础知识复习
基础知识复习务必坚持以《纲》为纲。本轮复习需要教师与学生共同努力，教师的努力在备课，学生的努力在记忆，教师对学生的课后督促显得很重要。
本轮复习要始终根据两条线去做：一是词汇，二是语法。
1）、词汇复习
根据2009年重庆市考试大纲中规定的词汇确立每单元中各单词的复习策略（掌握、理解、识记）。初中所学词汇要有计划、有目的地合理地安排进去。
① 归纳要系统、准确，给学生记忆提供方便。
② 所给例句不要太简单，要给学生提供接触较复杂语句的机会。
③ 所给例句要尽量符合使用该语言知识的语境，或者说教师要尽量给学生提供合适的语言使用环境。
2）、语法复习
根据2009年重庆市考试大纲中规定的语法项目有计划地安排在教材单元复习中。
加强长难句教学。多渠道地选择素材，比如从历年高考试题中挑选出长难句并结合试题分析讲解，从学生中收集，学校之间的资源共享等等。
在进行基础知识复习的过程中是否要求学生在考纲中作好记录，对已掌握（或未掌握）的知识要点作好记录，以备三轮复习之需。
2、解题技巧训练
解题技巧训练主要得依靠教师的高效指导。
英语考试中的各大题型均需各自不同的解题技巧，应以题型为线索，在分析各自特点的基础上进行解题方法指导。`
3、查漏补缺
根据一轮复习中的记录对考纲中未掌握的知识要点进行再次复习。
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