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1、COMMON ROOT WORDS AND WORD ORIGINS ROOTS MEANING WORD alter other alternate, alter ego ami, amic- love amiable, amicable amphi both ends or all sides amphibian ann, enni year anniversary, annual, biennial, perennial anthrop human, man anthropology, anthropomorphic, misanthrope aq
2、ua, aque water aquatic, aquarium, aqueduct arch chief, leader, ruler archangel, monarch, archaic, archenemy arthro joint arthritis aud sound auditorium, audible, audiologist, audiotape bell war belligerent, bellicose biblio book bibliography, bibliophile bio- life biography, auto
3、biography, biology, antibiotic brev short brief, abbreviate cap take, seize capture, captivate, capacity carn meat carnivorous, chili con carne ced yield, go recede, secede, proceed, intercede, concession chrom- color chromatic, monochrome, polychrome chron- time chronicle, chronol
4、ogy, chronometer, synchronize cogn know recognize, cognitive, incognito cord/chord cord harpsichord corp body corpus, corpse, corporal crac, crat rule, ruler autocrat, democracy, bureaucrat, democracy cred believe credible, credulous, credibility, credit, credo cruc cross crucifix,
5、 crucial crusta shell crustacean crypt hidden cryptogram, cryptology, cryptic culp guilt culpable, culprit dei god deity, deify demo- people demography, democracy, epidemic dent tooth dentist, dentifrice, dentin derm- skin dermatology, epidermis, hypodermic dic speak, say dic
6、tate, predict, diction, indict dox belief, opinion orthodoxy, paradox, heterodoxy duc, duct lead induce, deduce, seduction, conduct, abduct duo two duo dynam- power dynamo, hydrodynamics ego self egotist, egomania equ equal equal, equity, equanimity, equate, equidistant fac make,
7、 do manufacture, factory, benefactor fil threadlike filament frater brother fraternal, fraternize gam- marriage monogamy, polygamy, bigamy geo- earth geopolitical, geology, geography, geothermal glyph vertical groove Hieroglyphics—Egyptian “sky writing” grad, gress step gradual,
8、progression, transgression graph- writing, printing graphology, biography, telegraph, geography gym naked gymnasium gyn- woman gynecologist, androgynous hemo, hema, hem blood hemophilia, hematology, hemoglobin holo whole, entire holograph hydro, hydr water dehydrate, hydraulics, hy
9、droelectric, hydroplane iso equal, identical isolate ject throw inject, reject, subject, projection jud judge judicial, judge, adjudicate leg, lect read, choose legible, lectern, lecturer, election liter letter literature, illiterate, literal loc place local, location log word
10、monologue, epilogue luc light lucid, elucidate magn large magnify, magnate, magnificent man hand manufacture, manual, manuscript mar sea marine, mariner mater mother maternal, maternity, matriarchy, matricide mere part, segment mere meta, met behind, between metacognition—behind
11、 the thinking metri, meter- measure geometric, thermometer, odometer min small minority, minuscule, minute mit, miss send permit, submission, mission, emit, mob, mot, mov move mobile, automobile, motion, promote, movie mon warn premonition, admonition mor, mort death mortal, mortic
12、ian, immortality morph form, structure metamorphosis, amorphous, morphology mut change mutant, mutability, mutate neuro nerve neurology, neurosis, neurobiology nomen /nomin name nominal, nominate, nomenclature nov new novel, renovate, innovation, novella nym, onym word, name synony
13、m, acronym, anonymous, pseudonym odonto tooth orthodontist—one who straightens teeth ortho- straight, correct orthodox, orthodontist, orthopedic pac peace pacify, Pacific Ocean, pacifist pater father paternal, paternity, patricide, patrilineal, patriotic path feeling, suffering sympat
14、hy, apathy, empathy, telepathy, pathology ped, pod foot pedal, pedometer, centipede, gastropod pel, puls push pulsate, repulsive, impulse, compel, propel pend hang, weigh pendulum, pendant, suspend, pending phon-, phono- sound, voice telephone, euphony, cacophony, phonograph plan flat
15、 planar, plantation, plane pneum lung pneumatic pod feet podiatrist port carry portable, transport, portage, report, pot power potent, omnipotent, potentate psych- soul, spirit, mind psychology, psychic, psychobiography pugna fight pugnacious, pugilist quer, quis ask query, inqu
16、isition, scent, scend climb ascend, ascent schizo, schiz division, split schizophrenic sci know scientific sciss cut scissors scrib, script write manuscript, scribe, proscribe, scripture sec, sect cut dissect, section sed, sess sit sedentary, session sens, sent feel, be aware
17、 sensible, sentient sequ, secu follow sequence, sequel, consecutive serv serve, protect service simil same similar, assimilate, simile, facsimile (fax) siphon tube siphon sol sun solar son sound sonar, resonate, unison soph wisdom, knowledge philosophy, sophisticated, sophomore
18、wise fool) spec, spic look, see spectacles, spectator, inauspicious, prospect spir coil spiral spir breathe inspire, respiration, conspire, perspiration spond, spons promise, answer for respond, responsible spont by one's own force spontaneous stat stay, position station tang,
19、 tact touch tactile, tangible temp time temporary, temporize ten, tent hold tentative, tenable, tenuous terr earth subterranean, terrain, terrestrial, disinter theo god, deity theology, polytheism, atheist, monotheism therm- heat thermal, thermos, thermometer trophy nutrition, foo
20、d atrophy—without nutrition uro urine urologist vac empty vacation, vacuum, vacuous, vacant ven, vent come, go intervene, convene, contravene ver truth veracity, verify, verity vert turn introvert, irreversible, vertigo vit life vital, revitalize, vitamin voc call revoke, invo
21、cation, vocal, evocative, convocation zoo animal zoo, zoology, zoolatry PREFIXES PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES a-, an- not, without amoral, anesthetic, apolitical, asocial ab- away from abduction, abstain, abnormal ad- to, toward adjoin, adjacent (lying near to) ambi- both ambidextrous,
22、 ambivalent ana- up, back, again analogy, anatomy, anagram anti- against antipathy, antiwar, antisocial apo- from, away from apology, apologize auto- self autobiography, automobile, autocracy, automaton bene- good benediction benevolent benefactor cata-, cat- down, against catastr
23、ophe--a turning down centro, centri- around, center concentric, centrifugal circum- around circumlocution circumference, circumvent com- with, together communal, community con- with, together connect, confide conspire contra- against contradict, contravene de- down, away descend,
24、deject (cast down) dia-, di- through, across diameter, division dis- apart, not disengage, discord, discomfort dys- ill, difficult, bad dysfunctional, dysentery e- out of, from elect (choose out of), eject (throw out) ecto- on the outside ectoderm--outer skin en-, em- in empathy--f
25、eeling in endo- within, inside endoscope--instrument for observing inside epi- upon epitaph epidermis, epicenter eso- inward, within esoteric--more inward, esophagus eu- well, good euthanasia--good death ex- out of, from exhume, exhale, exodus hetero- other, different heterosexual,
26、 heterodoxy, heterodox heterogeneous homo- same homosexual, homogeneous, homogenized hyper- over hypertension, hypersensitive, hyperactivity hypo- under hypotension, hypodermic il- not illegitimate, illicit, illegal, illegible im- not imperfect, impolite, impossible im- into imbibe
27、 (drink in, take in) in- not indiscreet, invisible in- into incorporate (take into the body) inter- between intervene (come between), interstate intra- within intrastate, intramural ir- not irregular, irrational, irredeemable macro- large macrocosm, macroeconomics mal, male- bad,
28、 evil malediction malevolent, malnutrition meta- beyond metaphysical micro- small microscope, microcosm, microeconomics mono- one, single monologue, monotheism, monarchy, monogamy neo- new, recent neologism, neo-liberal, neonatology. neolithic ob- against object, obstruct (build agai
29、nst) palin-, pali- back, again palindrome pan- all, every pantheism, Pan-Hellenic, panorama, pandemic para- false paramilitary, paralegal, parachute per- through percolate (flow through) perforate (punch through) peri- around perimeter, periscope phil-, philo- like, lover of philos
30、ophy, Francophile, bibliophile, philanthropy poly- many, several polygon, polygamy, polytechnic, polytheism post- after postgraduate, posthumous postpone pre- before precede, predict (tell before) pro- for, forward promote, project pros- toward, in front prospect—view in front, somet
31、hing coming up proto- first prototype, protoplasm, protobiology pseudo false pseudonym, pseudoscience re- again, back repeat, recede, regress (step back) retro- back retrogression, retroactive se- away from seduce (lead away), secede sub- under submarine, subject, subhuman subterra
32、nean sur-, super- over, above superhuman, superego, superintend, surpass syn-, sym-, syl-, sys- with, together symphony, synonym, system, syllable tele- distant, far off telephone, telepathy, television, telegram trans- across transient, Transatlantic, transport (carry across) SUFFIXES
33、 SUFFIX DEFINITION EXAMPLE -agog, -agogue leader demagogue, pedagogue -cide kill(ing) patricide, infanticide, herbicide. suicide -ectomy cutting appendectomy, splenectomy -ia, -y act, state amnesia, mania, democracy, anarchy -ic, -tic, -ical, -ac having to do with anthropomorphic,
34、dramatic, biblical, cardiac -ics things having to do with optics, physics -isk, -iscus small asterisk--a little star -ism the belief in pacifism, terrorism, socialism, communism -ist one who believes in pacifist, terrorist, socialist, communist -ite one connected with meteorite, polit
35、e, cosmopolite -logy study field of biology, geology, etymology, cardiology -oid resembling, like-shaped asteroid, spheroid -or, -er one who takes part in doctor, actor, teacher, driver -phobia exaggerated fear photophobia, claustrophobia, agoraphobia -sis act, state, condition of analysis
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