考研英语历年真题94-06文章版.doc

1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I: Structure and Vocabulary
Part A
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], B), [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)
1. By the time you arrive in London, we ________ in Europe for two weeks.
[A] shall stay
[B] have stayed
[C] will have stayed
[D] have been staying
2. I appreciated ________ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
[A] having been given
[B] having given
[C] to have been given
[D] to have given
3. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ________ obtaining water is not the least.
[A] of which
[B] for what
[C] as
[D] whose
4. The heart is ________ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.
[A] not so
[B] not much
[C] much more
[D] no more
5. ________ the fact that his initial experiments had failed, Prof. White persisted in his research.
[A] Because of
[B] As to
[C] In spite of
[D] In view of
6. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it ________ in religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.
[A] is to be analyzed
[B] has been analyzed
[C] be analyzed
[D] should have been analyzed
7. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ________ all practical value by the time they finished.
[A] could lose
[B] would have lost
[C] might lose
[D] ought to have lost
8. No bread eaten by man is so sweet as ________ earned by his own labour.
[A] one
[B] that
[C] such
[D] what
9. It isn’t cold enough for there ________ a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.
[A] would be
[B] being
[C] was
[D] to be
10. Scientists generally agree that the Earth’s climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years ________ it has warmed in the 20,000 years since the Ice Age.
[A] as long as
[B] as much as
[C] as soon as
[D] as well as
Part B
Directions:
Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)
11. Similar elements in the prehistoric remains [A] from both areas suggest [B] that Indians and their neighbours had maintained [C] distant but real connections ever [D] before 1500 B. C.
12. It soon became obviously [A] that instead of being trained [B] to sing she would [C] be trained as [D] the astronomer’s assistant.
13. He also conceived [A] that the solar system and the universe would come [B] into existence by [C] a natural process and would disappear [D] one day.
14. The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times less [A] than the earth [B]; in consequence [C],the force of [D] gravity at the moon’s surface is only one-sixth of that at the earth’s surface.
15. “The Bunsen burner is so [A] named because it is thought [B] to be invented [C] by Robert Bunsen, who was German by [D] birth.
16. Much although [A] I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal [B] her in thoroughness, whatever [C] the job [D].
17. The weeds [A] and tall grass in that yard makes [B] the house look [C] as if it had been vacant [D] for quite some time.
18. If only [A] the nature of the aging process is [B] better understood, the possibility of discovering [C] a medicine that can block the fundamental process of aging seems [D] very remote.
19. When I consider how talented he is [A] as a painter [B], I cannot help but believing [C] that the public [D] will appreciate his gift.
20. Allen has stated [A] that he has always had [B] a great interest [C] and admiration for [D] the work of the British economist Keynes.
Part C
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
21. Please do not be ________ by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.
[A] disregarded
[B] distorted
[C] irritated
[D] intervened
22. Craig assured his boss that he would ________ all his energies in doing this new job.
[A] call forth
[B] call at
[C] call on
[D] call off
23. Too much ________ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.
[A] disclosure
[B] exhibition
[C] contact
[D] exposure
24. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes ________, and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.
[A] dim
[B] blank
[C] faint
[D] vain
25. It is well known that knowledge is the ________ condition for expansion of mind.
[A] incompatible
[B] incredible
[C] indefinite
[D] indispensable
26. More than two hundred years ago the United States ________ from the British Empire and become an independent country.
[A] got off
[B] pulled down
[C] broke away
[D] attached to
27. Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is ________ loud continuous noise.
[A] subjected to
[B] filled with
[C] associated with
[D] dropped off
28. Some of the most important concepts in physics ________ their success to these mathematical systems.
[A] oblige
[B] owe
[C] contribute
[D] attribute
29. As your instructor advised, you ought to spend your time on something ________ researching into.
[A] precious
[B] worth
[C] worthy
[D] valuable
30. As a defense against air-pollution damage, many plants and animals ________ a substance to absorb harmful chemicals.
[A] relieve
[B] release
[C] dismiss
[D] discard
31. Without the friction between their feet and the ground, people would ________ be able to walk.
[A] in no time
[B] by all means
[C] in no way
[D] on any account
32. While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping ________ to give her long and flowing hair a smooth.
[A] occasionally
[B] simultaneously
[C] eventually
[D] promptly
33. One reason for the successes of Asian immigrants in the U.S. is that they have taken great ________ to educate their children.
[A] efforts
[B] pains
[C] attempts
[D] endeavours
34. If any man here does not agree with me, he should ________ his own plan for improving the living conditions of these people.
[A] put on
[B] put out
[C] put in
[D] put forward
35. I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be ________ to it.
[A] connected
[B] fastened
[C] bound
[D] stuck
36. The English language contains a(n) ________ of words which are comparative seldom used in ordinary conversation.
[A] altitude
[B] latitude
[C] multitude
[D] attitude
37. In my opinion, you can widen the ________ of these improvements through your active participation.
[A] dimension
[B] volume
[C] magnitude
[D] scope
38. Your improper words will give ________ to doubts concerning your true intentions.
[A] rise
[B] reason
[C] suspicion
[D] impulse
39. The news item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made ________.
[A] on the spot
[B] on the site
[C] on the location
[D] on the ground
40. The remarkable ________ of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolution.
[A] classification
[B] variety
[C] density
[D] diversion
Section II: Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is __41__ the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of __42__ breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words __43__ a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may __44__ unfavorable reactions in the listener __45__ interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.
__46__, inaccurate or indefinite words may make __47__ difficult for the listener to understand the __48__ which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be __49__ to explain or describe in a __50__ that can be understood by his listeners.
41. [A] of
[B] at
[C] for
[D] on
42. [A] inaccessible
[B] timely
[C] likely
[D] invalid
43. [A] encourages
[B] prevents
[C] destroys
[D] offers
44. [A] pass out
[B] take away
[C] back up
[D] stir up
45. [A] who
[B] as
[C] which
[D] what
46. [A] Moreover
[B] However
[C] Preliminarily
[D] Unexpectedly
47. [A] that
[B] It
[C] so
[D] this
48. [A] speech
[B] sense
[C] message
[D] meaning
49. [A] obscure
[B] difficult
[C] impossible
[D] unable
50. [A] case
[B] means
[C] method
[D] way
Section III: Reading Comprehension
Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)
Text 1
The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
51. In Line 11, Paragraph 1, “the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means ________.
[A] Americans are never satisfied with their incomes
[B] Americans tend to overstate their incomes
[C] Americans want to have their incomes increased
[D] Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes
52. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that ________.
[A] producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production
[B] consumers can express their demands through producers
[C] producers decide the prices of products
[D] supply and demand regulate prices
53. According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by ________.
[A] private property and rights concerned
[B] manpower and natural resources control
[C] ownership of productive resources
[D] free contracts and prices
54. The passage is mainly about ________.
[A] how American goods are produced
[B] how American consumers buy their goods
[C] how American economic system works
[D] how American businessmen make their profits
Text 2
One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society” is not on the horizon -- it’s already here.
While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.
Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
55. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ________.
[A] withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes
[B] obtain more convenient services than other people do
[C] enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper
[D] cash money wherever he wishes to
56. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ________.
[A] in the future all the Americans will use credit cards
[B] credit cards are mainly used in the United States today
[C] nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash
[D] it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before
57. The phrase “ring up sales” (Line 3, Para. 2) mos