专家教你破解英语四级汉译英.doc

专家教你破解英语四级汉译英

解题方法：
第一步：首先快速浏览句子，先看英语不看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态
所谓形式包括：
1词组固定搭配（不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等）
2.虚拟
3.被动
所谓时态是指：根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。
第二步：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。
第三步：先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。

真题详解：2006.12
1.Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to (适应不同文化中的生活).[ 06.12]

[解题步骤]:
第一步：由it is not easy to可以推出，划线处应该接动词原形。
第二步：划分成分“适应不同文化的生活”
核心谓语动词是“适应”，“不同文化的”作定语，“生活”作宾语。
第三步：
1.切块对应翻译：“适应”=adapt; adapt to; adapt oneself to；“生活”=life；“不同文化的”=different cultures
2.重新组合：adapt oneself to the life in different cultures
[正确答案]：adapt oneself to the life/living in different cultures
[翻 译]：跨文化研究专家说，适应不同文化的生活不是一件容易的事情。
[考察知识点]：[词组固定搭配]adapt oneself to sth/doing sth“适应------”

2.Since my childhood I have found that (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).
[解题步骤]:
第一步：由Since my childhood I have found that可以推出，划线处应该填写一个句子，时态需要根据后面的汉语意思作进一步的确定。
第二步：划分成分“没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力”
核心谓语动词是“比------更有吸引力”， “没有什么”作主语，“读书”作宾语，“对我”作状语。
第三步：
1.切块对应翻译：“比------更有吸引力”= be more attractive to sb，“没有什么”=nothing，“读书”=reading，“对我”=for/to me。
2.重新组合：nothing is more attractive to me than reading
[正确答案]：nothing is more attractive to me than reading
[翻 译]：从儿时起我就发现，没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力。
[考察知识点]：[比较级]nothing+比较级=最高级；时态：因为从句叙述的是现在的事情，所以用一般现在是即可。
3.The victim (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.
[解题步骤]:
第一步：由The victim if he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的if he had been taken to hospital in time确定应该采取虚拟语气，是对过去的虚拟。
第二步：划分成分“本来会有机会活下来”核心谓语动词是“本来有机会------”，“活下来”作宾语。
第三步：
1.切块对应翻译：“本来有机会------”= would have a chance to do sth，“活下来”=survive
2.重新组合：would have a chance to survive.
[正确答案]：would have/stand a chance to survive/of survival
[翻 译]：如果遇难者被及时送往医院的话，他本来会有机会活下来的。
[考察知识点]：[虚拟语气]与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句用had done，主句用would have done有机会做某事：have/stand a chance to do sth/of sth----[语法讲解]：“虚拟语气”

考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式：

第一种：由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子
1. 与现在的事实相反：[If --- + were/did---, --- + would do---]

If I were you , I would marry him.
如果我是你,就会嫁给他。

2. 与过去的事实相反：[If --- + had done---, --- +would have done---]
If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam.
如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。

3. 与将来的事实可能相反：[If ---+ should do---, ---+ would do---]
If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ?
如果明天下雨,你怎么办?

第二种：用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中
从句谓语形式为：“---(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。
类似用法的动词有：
insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。

第三种：用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that ---”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中第四种：用在It is time that --- 结构中, 表示“该干某事了”, 含建议的意思, 用动词过去式。

It is time (that) we went to bed .
咱们该睡觉了。

注意: time 前可加about (表示“大约”) 或high(表示“强调”) 等。

4.Some psychologists claim that people (出门在外时可能会感到孤独).
[解题步骤]:
第一步：由Some psychologists claim that people .可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句时态用一般现在时。
第二步：划分成分“出门在外时可能会感到孤独”
核心谓语动词是“可能会感到”，“孤独”作宾语，“出门在外时”作状语。
第三步：
1.切块对应翻译：“可能会感到”= may feel，“孤独”=lonely，“出门在外时”be away from home.
2.重新组合：may feel lonely when they are away from home.
[正确答案]：may feel lonely when they are away from home.
[翻 译]：一些心理学家认为人们出门在外时可能会感到孤独。
[考察知识点]：[词性辨析] lonely. adj.孤独的、寂寞的；alone. adj.独自的
[难 点]： “出门在外”的翻译。When they are not in their hometown

5.The nation’s population continues to rise (以每年1200万人的速度).
[解题步骤]:
第一步：由The nation’s population continues to rise .可以推出，划线处应该填写状语或补语。
第二步：划分成分“以每年1200万人的速度”
词组固定搭配“以------的速度”，“每年”作状语，“1200万人”作定语。
第三步：
1.切块对应翻译：“以------的速度”= at a speed of---，“每年”=per year，“1200万人”12 million.
2.重新组合：at a speed of 12 million per year.
[正确答案]：at a speed of 12 million per year
[翻 译]：这个国家的人口继续以每年1200万人的速度增长
[考察知识点]：[词组固定搭配] at a speed of-- “以------的速度”；注意：million不加s

2006.6
1.Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble (找到去历史博物馆的路).
[解题步骤]:
第一步：由he had no trouble .可以推出，划线处应该填写
第二步：划分成分“找到去历史博物馆的路”
核心谓语动词找到”；“路”作宾语，“去历史博古馆”作定语。

第三步：
1.切块对应翻译：“找到”= find，“路”=road/way，“去历史博古馆”the History Museum
2.重新组合：in finding the road/way to the History Museum.
[正确答案]：finding the/his way to the History Museum
[翻 译]：他在这个城市已经呆了一段时间，因此毫不费力就找到了去历史博物馆的路。
[考察知识点]：[词组固定搭配] have (no) trouble (in) doing sth“做某事有无）困难”[注 意]：专有名词首字母大写, ie, the History Museum

2. (为了挣钱供我上学), mother often takes on more work than is good for her.

[解题步骤]:
第一步：由 , mother often takes on more work than is good for her.可以推出，划线处应该填写状语成分，整个句子时态是一般现在时态。
第二步：划分成分“为了挣钱供我上学”
核心谓语动词：“为了赚钱”；“供我上学”作补语。
第三步：
1.切块对应翻译：“为了赚钱”= in order to earn/make money，“供我上学”=for my education/tuition，
2.重新组合：In order to earn/make money for my education/tuition
[正确答案]：In order to make/earn money for my tuition
[翻 译]：为了挣钱供我上学，母亲经常超负荷工作。
[考察知识点]：[词组固定搭配] in order to do sth“为了------”[难点]： “供我上学”

新英语四级翻译题目汇总
新四级大纲样题
87．The substance does not dissolve in water ____________________(不管是否加热)。whether (it is) heated or not

88．Not only _______________(他向我收费过高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either. did he charge me too much /did he overcharge me

89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing ______________________(与我的相比)。compared with mine /in comparison with mine

90. On average, it is said, visitors spend only _____________________(一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London. half as much money

91. By contrast, American mothers were more likely_______________________ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent. to attribute their children’s success to /to have a belief that their children’s success to

2006年6月24日
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble ________ (找到去历史博物馆的路).
finding the way to the history museum

88. ________ (为了挣钱供我上学)， Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.
In order to support my university studies (to finance my education)

89. The professor required that ________ (我们交研究报告)。
we hand in our research report(s)

90. The more you explain, ________ (我愈糊涂).
the more confused I am

91. Though a skilled worker, ____
____ (他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis. he was fired by the company

2006年12月23日
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2.

87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to ________ (适应不同文化中的生活). adapt to lives in different cultures/adapt (oneself) to living in different cultures

88. Since my childhood I have found that ________ (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力). nothing is more attractive/appealing to me than reading

89. The victim ________ (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.
would have a chance to survive

90. Some psychologists claim that people ________ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独).
might feel lonely when they are away from home/might feel lonely when away from home

91. The nation’s population continues to rise ________ (以每年1200万人的速度).
at the rate of 12 million people per year/at the speed of 12 million people every year

2007年6月23日
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。
87. The finding of this study failed to ________________________ (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内). take people’s sleep quality into account

88. The prevent and treatment of AIDS is ________________________ (我们可以合作的领域). the field (where) we can cooperate / the field in which we can cooperate

89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete ________________________ (决定退出比赛). decided to quit the match

90. To make donations or for more information, please ________________________ (按以下地址和我们联系). contact us at the following address

91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning ________________________ (如果你方便的话). if it is convenient for you / at your convenience

2007年12月22日
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。

87. ________________________ (多亏了一系列的新发明)，doctors can treat this disease successfully. Owing to (或 thanks to) a series of new inventions

88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that ________________________ (我比以前更容易累了). I am apt to 或 inclined to be more easily tired than before

89. I am going to pursue this course, ________________________ (无论我要作出什么样的牺牲). no matter what sacrifices I will make

90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _______________
(它更方便和省时). the former is more convenient and time-saving

91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _______________________ (是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的)，not how much they can earn. is weighed upon how much they can borrow

英语翻译备考对策
　引言：综合来讲，四级考试内容改革，的确对考生能力提出了更高更新的要求，但是只要考生能认真分析各种题型特点，总结合理应对的方法，新四级也并不可怕。单从翻译部分来看，老四级词汇与结构部分的重要词组，重点语法可能会成为汉译英部分的考查重点，因此考生仍旧应该重视老四级的真题材料。
翻译常见问题和应对政策
　　1.理解表达不到位是翻译的最大问题。
　　2.理解关键在于理解句子的语法结构
　　表达关键在于用符合英语语言的习惯来做适当调整。
　　加强句法和和词汇基础，持之以恒。
翻译标准方法步骤
　　1.标准：准确、通顺、完整。
　　2.方法：以直译为主适当意译。
　　3.步骤：
　　通读全句，准确理解。
　　分析成分，划分意群。
　　选择词义，贴切表达。
　　适当调整，书写译文。
定语从句与同位语从句的区别：
　　1.定语从句先行词可以是任何名词，而同位语从句先行词相当有限，例如：conclusion ,fact ,news ,idea ,belief ,message。
　　2.同位语从句中 that 不在从句中充当任何成分，定语从句 that 充当一定句子成分。
　　3.同位语翻译可采用解释法，即先行词后+“ I ”。
　　强调结构：还原强调部分，直接翻译。

　　定语
　　1.分词短语作定语 2.不定式作定语　3.介词短语作定语　4.形容词做定语
　　上述成分做定语时，一般来说，应把定语翻译在中心词前面。

　　比较结构
　　1. as|、、、as、、、
　　2. not so A as、、、B
　　3. rather A，than B 与其说B，不如说A
　　4. less A，more B 与其说A，不如说B

　　并列结构
　　两个或两个以上的并列成分有明显的连词标记或标点符号连接，如：
　　and ,or ,but ,both and ,neither nor ,not but ,not only、、、but also、、、 等。

　　否定结构
　　1.部分否定：若否定句中出 all，both，every，each 等类似词语，则表部分否定。
　　2.形状否定：
　　例如： His contribution can not be exaggerated. 他的贡献极大。
　　 You can never be careful enough. 你必须多加小心。
　　3.形式肯定，内容否定
　　He is anything but/except a scholar. 他绝不是一个学者。
　　Swimming here is far from/not at all dangerous. 在此游泳毫无危险。
　　He is the last person I want to meet. 他是我最不想见的人。
　　形式主语

翻译方法固定，可当作短语直接翻译在句子最前面。
　　It is reported that 据报道
　　It is estimated that 据估计
　　It is conjectured that 据推测
　　It must be admitted that 必须承认
　　It can not be denied that/There is no denying that 不可否认
　　It can be said without fear of/exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张地说

练习题

1.I suggested he ____________________ （使自己适应） his new conditions.

2. What a lovely party! It's worth_________________( 牢记一生 ).

3. If you won't agree to our plan,__________ 他们也不会同意 ).

4. His remarks left me ____________________________( 想知道他的真实目的 ).

5. If you had_____________________ ( 听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦）
答案及解析：

1.should adapt himself to
【超级句型】suggest作“建议”时，其宾语从句中要用虚拟句型"suggest that sb．(should)do sth．”结构；从suggest还可以联想到宾语从句中同样要用虚拟语气的相关动词如：insist，demand，order，ask，advise等。
【超级短语】adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于，其他搭配： adapt from 根据……改写/改编

2.remembering all my life
【超级单词】Be worth doing…/值得做某事,还有说法是worth sth. 如：He is worth the praise.

3.neither will they
【超级单词】neither表示“两者都不”， 表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。如：If you won't go, neither will I.

4.wondering about his real purpose
【超级单词】leave sb doing 让继续处于某种状态；leave sb to do sth 让某人干某事

5.followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now.
【超级句型】虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法
从句：if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ……
主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ……

1.The number of the students in this city has _____ (增加了6倍) in comparison with 2001.

2. _____ (有些大一新生打定主意) to pursue a master’s degree after undergraduate studies.

3. _____ (不管任务多么艰巨), we must fulfill it in time.

4.He had understood nothing, _____ (也没尝试着去) understand.

5. _____ (随着时间的流逝), they forgot their bitter sufferings.

答案：

1. increased 6 times

2. Some freshmen make up their minds

3. No matter how hard the task is
However hard the task is
No matter how hard the task may be
However hard the task may be

4.nor did he try to

5.With the passage of time

练习题

1.Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not____________( 失去联系 ) the outside world.

2.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_____________( 正在研制 ) and perfected now.

3.How close parents are to their children_________________ __( 有很强的影响 ) the character of the children.

4.The room is in a terrible mess; it _____________________ （肯定没打扫过） .

5.With tears on her face, the lady _____________________ (看着他受伤的儿子被送进手术室）

答案及解析：

1.lose contact with
【超级短语】lose contact with/lose touch with与……失去联系

2.are being developed
【超级句型】"be being done"现在进行时的被动语态表示此时此刻某事正在被做。其中动词be应随主语作相应变化。

3.has a strong influence on/effect on
【超级短语】influence/effect作名词（常与on连用）对…有影响力。
influence指"通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响",如:Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine.
effect指"实现"、"达成",着重"造成"一种特殊的效果,如:This book effected a change in my opinion.　

4.can't have been cleaned
【超级句型】"情态动词+have done"表示推测，must/can/may/might/could各用于不同句型中，must只用于肯定句中，can/could不能用于肯定句中，may/might不能用于疑问句中。can't表示不可能，may not表示可能不。如题中推测的为过去的事情，情态动词后则用完成形式。

5.watched her injured son sent into the operation room.
【超级句型】see/watch…sb./sth.+done强调某动作的全过程，且宾语和动作间是被动关系

练习题

1.（这个计划成功的关键） ___________is good planning.

2.The specific use of leisure______(每一人都不同)

3.The ship ’ s generator broke down and the pumps____________________( 不得不用手工操作 ) instead of mechanically.

4.Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used______________ 习惯了学生迟到 ) his lecture.

5.I prefer to communicate with my customers ______( 通过写电子邮件而不是打电话）

答案及解析：

1.The key to the success of this project
【超级单词】key除作名词“钥匙”外，后接介词to，表示“…的钥匙，…的答案，…的关键”。

2.from individual to individual.
【超级短语】不及物动词vary 的用法。搭配为：vary … from … to 各不相同。

3.had to be operated manually
【超级短语】have to通常指由于客观原因则不得不做某事，意思为“不得不”。 其否定形式意思是“不一定”或“没有必要”。

4.to students’ being late for
【超级句型】be used to+doing/noun，表示过去习惯于做某事。used to+do，表示过去有规律的习惯性动作或状态，而现在已不存在了。
【超级短语】be late for,迟到。
【超级句型】one’s doing,非谓语动词的复合结构。

5.via E-mail instead of telephone
【超级短语】Ins