速成英语语法ppt课件市公开课获奖课件省名师优质课赛课一等奖课件.ppt

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场 白,学习英语要到达六会：,听、说、读、写、译,2/48,2,“六会”离不开语法,语法是使用语言规则,语法有两大关键：,句型,骨架,动词,心脏,3/48,3,内 容 提 要,一、句子骨架：句型,1.五种基本句型,2.基本句型变式,3.基本句型扩大,4.基本句型并列,5.基本句型省略、倒装,二、句子心脏：动词,1.动词类别与句型关系,2.牛津词典和朗文词典动词句型密码,3.无师自通：借助,牛津,词典动词句型密码 造句、判别句子正误,4.无师自通：借助,朗文,词典动词句型密码 造句、判别句子正误,5.结语：英语语法规则繁杂，怎样快速掌握？,4/48,4,英语句子有长有短，有简有繁,从现象看，似乎千变万化，,但从实质看，,能够发觉其内在联络，,找出其共同规律。,5/48,5,千千万万英语句子，,都能够归纳成,五种基本句型,及其,扩大,、,并列,、,省略,或,倒装,。,掌握这五种基本句型，,是掌握各种英语句子结构,基础。,6/48,6,英语五种基本句型,基本句型（一）,S,V,基本句型（二）,S,V,P,基本句型（三）,S,V,O,基本句型（四）,S,V,o O,基本句型（五）,S,V,O,C,说明：,S（subject）=主语,V（predicate verb）=谓语动词,P（predicative）=表语,O（direct object）=直接宾语,o（indirect object）=间接宾语,C（complement）=补语,7/48,7,在本句型里，,V,=不及物动词,S,V,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,History,The sun,The enemy,It,Who,That,advances.,has risen.,surrendered.,is raining.,cares?,wont do.,1.历史在前进。2.太阳升起来了。,3.敌人投降了。4.正下着雨呢。,5.管它呢！6.那不行。,基本句型（一）,8/48,8,在基本句型里，V,=连系动词，,如 be,become,get,fall,sound,go,come,grow,turn,feel,seem,look,appear,remain,run,prove,smell,taste,continue 等。,S,V,P,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,We,She,He,It,Her face,The baby,are,is,appeared,is getting,turned,fell,students.,twenty.,cheerful.,dark.,red.,asleep.,1.我们是学生。2.她二十岁。,3.他显得很高兴。4.天渐渐黑了。,5.她脸变红了6.婴儿睡着了。,基本句型（二）,9/48,9,在本句型里，,V,=及物动词,S,V,O,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,We,Labour,The news,Nobody,The children,The workers,love,created,surprised,answered,had,dug,our motherland.,man.,us.,my question.,a good time.,a deep hole.,1.我们热爱祖国。2.劳动创造了人。,3.这消息使我们感到惊奇。,4.没有些人回答我问题。,5.孩子们过得很愉快。6.工人们挖了一个深洞。,基本句型（三）,10/48,10,在基本句型时里，,V,=双及物动词。o 普通指人，O普通指事或物。,能带双宾语这类动词,如 give,ask,tell,sing,send,wish,cause 等。,S,V,o,O,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,She,He,I,We,It,The girl,sang,asked,sent,wished,caused,told,us,me,him,him,me,the pupils,a song.,a question.,a letter.,success.,trouble.,a story.,1.她给我们唱了一首歌。2.他问我一个问题。,3.我寄给他一封信。4.我们祝他成功。,5.它给我造成麻烦。6.那女孩给小学生们讲了一个故事。,基本句型（四）,11/48,11,S,V,O,C,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,We,They,He,She,We,I,call,got,painted,cut,elected,made,him,everything,the door,her hair,him,the total,Lao Wang.,ready.,green.,short.,our monitor.,fifty.,1.我们叫他老王。2.他们把一切都准备好了。,3.他把门漆成绿色。,4.她把头发剪短了。,5.我们选他当班长。,6.我把总数凑成五十。,基本句型（五在本句型里，,V,=及物动词，C 补足 O 内容。,能带宾语 O 和补语 C 及物动词如 call,make,keep,prove,elect,get,cut,find,leave,turn,think,name,paint 等。,12/48,12,注意比较,S V,o,O,I sent,him,a letter,.,人,物,S V,O,C,I called,him,Lao Wang,.,人,指同一个人,13/48,13,句子成份,最常采取词类,主要成份,主 语 S,名词、代词,谓语动词 V,动词,连带成份,表 语 P,名词、形容词,宾 语 0,名词、代词,补 语 C,名词、形容词,修饰成份,定 语 M,形容词,状 语 M,副词,句子成份和词类普通对应关系,14/48,14,基本句型变式,1.否定句,2.疑问句,3.被动句,4.There+be 句,15/48,15,1.否定句,S V They have come,They have,not,come,S V P He is a teacher,He is,not,a teacher,S V O He can speak English,He,cannot,speak English,S V o O We shall write them letters.,We shall,not,write them letters.,S V O C He has made his meaning clear.,He has,not,made his meaning clear.,16/48,16,2.疑问句,S V They have come,Have they,come？,S V P He is a teacher,Is he,a teacher?,S V O He can speak English,Can he,speak English？,S V o O We wrote them letters,Did,we,write,them letters?,S V O C He made his meaning clearDid,he,make,his meaning clear?,17/48,17,S V O,They welcomed the visitors.,The visitors,were welcomed,(by them).,S V o O,They gave him a warm welcome.,He,was given,a warm welcome,(by them).,S V O C,The worker painted the tractor red.,The tractor,was painted,red,(by the worker).,注意：只有这 3 种句型才能变为被动句，因为其中,V,是及物动词。,3.被动句,18/48,18,4.There+be 句,There be 句：基本句型（一）S V 变式,否定式 There,isnt anybody,in the room,There,is,nobody,in the room,疑问式,Is there,anybody,in the room,?,There,happened to be,somebody in the room.,There,came,a knock at the door,有敲门声音。,V不用 be，而用 seem to be，happen to be,come等,There,is,somebody,in the room.,V,S,19/48,19,以下内容提要：基本句型扩大与并列,基本句型：SV,SVP,SVO,SVoO,SVOC,单词,充当基本句型成份,基本句型扩大（一）：,短语,充当基本句型成份,基本句型扩大（二）：,从句,充当基本句型成份,句接榫 主从句：“句中有句”,基本句型扩大（三）：,增加修饰语（单词、,短语、从句）,基本句型并列：,句与句并列,并列句：“句外有句”,20/48,20,基本句型扩大（一）,基本句型成份：从单词扩大为短语,S/O,=名词、代词,不定式、不定式短语,主/宾,动名词、动名词短语,P/C,=名词、形容词,介词短语,表/补,不定式、不定式短语分词、分词短语,V,=动词,动词短语,动,21/48,21,基本句型扩大(一)：基本句型成份=短语,She often,pays attention to,oral practice.,（动词短语作动词）,S,V,O,I saw him,at work in the lab,.,（介词短语作补语）,S V O,C,Her wish is,to study English in Britain,.,S V,P,（不定式短语作表语）,You should practise,speaking English regularly,.,S V,O,（动名词短语作宾语）,We heard someoneknocking at the door,.,（分词短语作补语）,S V O,C,22/48,22,主语从句,：用从句作基本句型主语 S,主语逐步扩大：单词 短语 从句,The time,for the meeting is still under,consideration.（名词当主语）,When to hold the meeting,is still under,consideration.（不定式短语当主语）,When we should hold the meeting,is still under,consideration.S,s v o,（从句当主语）,基本句型扩大(二)：基本句型成份=从句,“句中有句”,23/48,23,2.,表语从句,:用从句作基本句型表语 P,表语逐步扩大：单词 短语 从句,The question under discussion is,the site,S V,P,for the new house.,（名词当表语）,The question under discussion is,where,S V,to build the new house,.,（不定式短语当表语）,P,The question under discussion is,where,S V,we should build the new house,.,（从句当表语）,P,s v o,.,24/48,24,3.宾语从句:用从句作基本句型宾语O,宾语逐步扩大：单词 短语 从句,I know,my duty,.,（名词当宾语）,S V,O,I know,what to do.,（不定式当宾语）,S V,O,I know,what I should do,.,(从句当宾语),S V,O,o s v,25/48,25,基本句型扩大（三）增加修饰语,修饰语 M=单词（形容饲、副词和数词）,=短语（介词短语、不定式短语、,分词短语）,举例：基本句型增加修饰语,基本句型（一）S V 增加修饰语,In 1945,the enemy surrendered,(M）,S V,unconditionally to the Chinese people,.,(M）,26/48,26,基本句型（二）,S V P 增加修饰语,基本句型：,This was a meeting,S V P,扩大：,This was an,intelligently organized,and,fervent,meeting,S V,(M)(M),P,This was an,intelligently organized,and,fervent,meeting,S V,(M)(M),P,in the packed Town Hall,with Mr.Strong in the chair,M)(M),27/48,27,基本句型（三）,S V O 增加修饰语,基本句型：,The girl expressed her wish.,S V O,扩大：,The,Negro,girl expressed her,strong,wish,to come to China,.,（M）,S V,（M）,O,（M）,In her letter to a Chinese friend,the,Negro,girl expressed,(M),(M),S V,her strong,wish,to come to China,to see the Great Wall,(M),O,(M)(m),with her own eyes,.,(m),28/48,28,基本句型（四）S V o O 增加修饰语,基本句型：,The girl told the pupils some stories,S V o O,Last Saturday,the girl told the pupils,of Class Two,some,(M)S V o (M),revolutionary,stories,about the combat heroes,.,(M),O,(M),Last Saturday,the girl told the pupils,of Class Two,some,(M),S V oM),revolutionary,stories,about the combat heroe,s f,ighting Japanese,(M),O,(M)(m),aggressors,in the War of Resistance Against Japan,.,(m),29/48,29,基本句型（五）,S V O C 增加修饰语,基本句型：,We found the hall full.,扩大：,We found the,great,hall full,of students and teachers,S V,(M),O C,(M),listening to an important lecture,.,(m),We found the,great,hall full,of students and teachers,S V,(M),O C,(M),listening to an important lecture,given by Professor Li,(m)(m),on modern science and technology,.,(m),S V O C,30/48,30,基本句型扩大（三）增加修饰语：从句,定语从句：,用从句作基本句型定语,M,A,completely unselfish,man always works,M,S V,for the people heart and soul.（形容词作定语）,A man,being completely unselfish,always works,S,M,V,for the people heart and soul.（分词短语作定语）,A man,who is completely unselfish,always works,S,M,s v p,v,for the people heart and soul.（从句作定语）,31/48,31,状语从句,：,用从句作基本句型状语,M,I will do it,immediately,.,（副词当状语）,S V O,M,I will do it,at once,.,（短语当状语）,S V O,M,I will do it,as soon as I can,.,S V O,M,s(v o),(,从句当状语）,32/48,32,基本句型并列：并列句,基本句型+基本句型+=并列句,I,must be going,or,I,ll be,late.,S V,+,S V P,Modesty helps one,to go forward,whereas,S V O C,+,conceit makes one,lag behind,.,S V O C,33/48,33,基本句型省略、倒装及 it 使用方法,1.基本句型成份省略,*省略主语：(,I,)Thank you.,*,省略谓语动词：,Some of the guests spoke English,others(,spoke,)French.,*省略表语：,Are you free?Yes,I am(,free,).,*省略宾语：,Will you do it?Ill try(,to do it,).,*省略主语和谓语动词（或谓语动词一部分）,（,Have you,）Any questions?,34/48,34,2.基本句型语序倒装,*表示祝福句子：,Long live,the Peoples Republic of China!,*表示感叹句子：,What,a beautiful sight,it is!,*为了强调否定：,Never shall,I,forget the days when we were together.,*以 so,nor,neither 开始句子：,As the thoughts are,so will,the acts be.,*其它倒装：Only in this way,can we,succeed.,35/48,35,“,It,”使用方法,1.非人称“it”,*指天气、大气情况等：,It,is snowing.,*指时间：,What,time is,it,?,*指距离：,It,s five miles to Xiamen University.,*指含糊、笼统普通情形：,Thats,it,!,36/48,36,2.引词“,it,”,It,=形式主语,S,：,It,is dangerous,to play with fire,.,（It 代替不定式短语）,It,is dangerous,playing with fire,.,（It 代替动名词短语）,It is,dangerous,that the boy often plays with fire,.,S,V P,（It 代替名词性从句）,It,=形式宾语,O,：,We think,it,dangerous,to play with fire,.,（不定式短语）,We think,it,dangerous,playing with fire,.,（动名词短语）,We think,it,dangerous,that the boy often plays with fire,.,S V O C （名词性从句）,37/48,37,It wa,s,I,who(that)met him by chance there yesterday.,（强调主语）,It wa,s,hi,m,that(who)I met by chance there yesterday.,（强调宾语）,It was,by chanc,e,that I met him there yesterday.,（强调方式状语）,It was,ther,e that I met him by chance yesterday.,（强调地点状语）,It was,yesterda,y,that I met him by chance there.,（强调时间状语）,强调词“,it,”,I met him,by chance,there,yesterday,.,S V O M M M,38/48,38,句子心脏：动词,动词,类别与,句型,关系,不及物动词,：基本句型,（1）,S,V,连系动词,：基本句型,（2）,S,V,P,单及物动词,：基本句型,（3）,S,V,O,双及物动词,：基本句型,（4）,S,V,o O,复合及物动词,：基本句型,（5）,S,V,O,C,39/48,39,速成英语语法：利用牛津和朗文词典动词密码,牛津词典,Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary,(1974),依据谓语动词类别及其与其它词语搭配习惯,把英语用,谓语动词造句型式(,verb pattern),归纳为,25,型,用数码表示；,朗文词典,Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English,(1978),依据词语法特征和搭配习惯归纳出,Table of Codes,，共,80,型语法代码，以表中字母（横列）+数字（纵列）交叉,代码显示，附在词典后衬页。,以后两部词典都对此作了修订和改进:,牛津词典,(,OALD,),依据词语法和语用特征把用谓语,动词造句型式(V,erb Pattern Scheme),归纳为,32,型，,用缩略字母表示，附在词典后衬页；,朗文词典,(,LDOCE,1998),归纳出一套,Grammar Codes,，,共,25,型语法代码，用缩略字母表示，对词语法特征和,详细使用方法加以详细注明，附在词典后衬页。,40/48,40,Hornby:,Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary,牛津词典动词句型（词典后衬页）,举例：怎样使用词典动词句型密码？,词典密码,I,=,主语+不及物动词,She,is reading,.,S V,词典密码,La,=主语+连系动词+形容词,The soup,was delicious.,S V P,词典密码,Tn,=主语+及物动词+名词,The boy,opened the door,.,S V O,词典密码,Dn,n,=主语+双及物动词+名词+名词,He,taught the children English,.,S V o O,词典密码,Cn,a,=主语+复合及物,动词+名词+形容词,The fridge,keeps the beer cool,.,S V O C,41/48,41,牛津词典动词句型扩大与改变,词典密码,Ipr,=主语不及物,动词+介词短语,They,are talking about,the traffic,.,S V m,词典密码,Tg,=主语+及物动词+动词-ing,He,enjoys playing football,.,S V O,词典密码,Tf,=主语+及物动词+that-从句,We,believe that Linda is right,.,S V O,svp,词典密码,Tw,=主语+及物动词+wh-从句/短语,Ill,decide what well do/what to do,.,S V O,osv,词典密码,Cn,g,=,主语+复合及物动词+名词+动词-ing,The policeman,got the traffic moving,.,S V O C,词典密码,Dn,w,=,主语+双及物动+名词+wh-从句/短语,I,told Bob where he should go/where to go,.,S V o O,sv,42/48,42,无师自通：借助牛津词典动词句型密码,造句、判别句子正误,Dream,I,=,主语+不及物动词,I never,dream,.,Ipr,=,主语+不及物,动词+介词短语,I,dreamed of,becoming a singer,.,Tn,=,主语+及物动词+名词,Whod have,dreamed it,?,Tf,=,主语+及物动词+that),-,从句,I,dreamed(that)I was flying to the moon.,错误：,I,dreamed,to fly to the moon,.,因为：牛津词典动词,dream,没有动词句型密码,Tt,即,dream,没有“,主语+及物动词+,to-,不定式”这么句型,43/48,43,Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English,朗文词典语法密码（词典后衬页）,举例：怎样使用词典语法密码？,词典密码,+to-v,=,词后面加,to-,不定式,I,want to leave,early today.,It is an,attempt to reach an agreement,.,We are,ready to go.,词典密码,v+v-ing,=,动词 后面加 动词,-ing,I,like,playing football.,We,watched them playing football.,词典密码,+that从句,=,词后面加,that-,从句,We,read that oil prices were going down.,词典密码,+wh-,=,词后面加,wh,开头词 或,how,He didnt,know what to do,./,how to do it,./,where to do it.,This is the,reason why I was so late,./Im not,sure where to go,.,44/48,44,无师自通：借助朗文词典动词句型密码 造句、判别句子正误,Dream,I,=,主语+不及物动词,I never,dream,.,I (of,about),=,主语+不及物,动词+,of/about,I,dreamed of,becoming a singer,.,T+obj/(that),=,主语+及物动词+宾语/(,that),-从句,Whod have,dreamed it,?,I,dreamed(that)I was flying to the moon.,错误:,I dreamed,to fly to the moon,.,因为,:,朗文词典动词,dream,没有动词句型密码,T+to-v,即,dream,没有“,主语+及物动词+,to-,不定式”这么句型,45/48,45,名词、形容词、副词等也有造句规则,除了动词之外，名词、形容词、副词等也有造句规则。,不论英语句型怎样划分，普通都可从其结构形式找出,一定规律，并在词典里加以编码，附在单词之后，,以供造句时仿效。如：,C,可数名词：book,student(s),dictionary,U,不可数名词：milk,information,news,pred仅作表语形容词：,He is,asleep,.,attrib仅作前置定语形容词：,sheer,nonsense,after n可在名词后面加 形容词、副词、名词：,a piece of wood three inches,thick,语法复杂性：,一词多用，一词多类，一词多义,因而一词也可能兼有多组密码，,必须按照一个动词不一样密码造出不一样句型,46/48,46,结语：英语语法规则繁杂，怎样快速掌握？,千头万绪，掌握根本：句型、动词,句型是句子骨架，骨架造好，才能成句,句型是由动词决定：,用什么样动词，就要造什么样句型,所以，动词必须编码，按照密码造句,不按照密码造句，就不合语法，就是错误,句型、动词使用方法是首要：其错误扣分最重,句型是骨架，动词是心脏,假如一个人骨架不成形，还能像人吗？,假如一个人心脏不会跳，还能活吗？,47/48,47,讲座结束,谢谢大家,48/48,48,