沉管素土挤密桩地基处理施工方案.doc

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素土挤密桩试桩施工方案
1、试桩施工步骤；
试桩步骤为：技术交底——整修道路——整修场地——设备进场——设备组装原地基检测------原地基增湿——测量放线——成孔——回填——检验检测——整理试桩报告书。
2.试桩的目的：通过试桩完成后进行的常规土工试验及载荷试验复合地基承载力，测试变形模量及通过渗水载荷试验确定是否消除桩间土的湿陷性。检验处理深度内桩体和桩间土的干密度。确保桩体平均压实系数和桩间土平均挤密系数满足设计要求，验证设计施工参数。
3.试桩施工：
3.1、技术交底由技术负责人负责实施，并组织施工技术人员，质量检测人员等对图纸《试桩技术条件书》、《试桩方案》进行交底和熟悉。
技术交底要分级进行，由技术负责人将试桩要求、试桩方法、施工程序、进度及安全措施、质量保证措施等以及各项的分工和配合，主要施工机具的安排和调配等，连同整个工程的施工计划，向所属各工程队长及全体技术人员进行交底。各工序队技术负责人将本队承担的工程项目及施工方法、劳动组合、机具配备等向本队全体生产班组工人及技术人员交底。使参加施工的全体人员充分了解自己应尽的具体责任。在分级交底时，都要做好记录，做为检查施工技术执行情况的依据并填写《技术交底记录》
3.2、整修道路待业主、设计院在试桩区域确定后因地取材，须先整修(道路---试验区之间的)道路。
3.3、整修场地在试桩区的场地进行，主要围绕试桩的深度即场地高程、试桩高程结合进行，为了达到试桩的效果，在有沟凹的地区要进行平整。
3.4、根据业主移交的坐标点。首先用木桩定位试桩区域：待业主复测之后再进行试桩高程等测量放线，按试桩高程确定地质报告、确定试桩深度，待业主复核无误后再进行桩位放线。
3.5、原地基复查和增湿在第三章已序，这里再不做交代。
3.6、放点；在试验区放出桩位点，以圆点石灰标注即可，依据设计文件，结合本公司实际强夯经验和有关类似工程经验，以及本施工方案进行测量放点。
3.7、成孔；按布桩图采用打桩机打入钢管的方法进行成孔，以形成对桩间土的挤密效果，成孔要求：
a：成孔深度大于12m；
b：成孔分四次进行：即第一遍和第二遍进行成孔，隔行隔点进行，第三遍和第四便对未成的孔也采用隔行隔点进行的方法进行；详细成孔遍数和要求见附图5-1。
c：成孔时采用先外后内的原则进行。以形成对地基更有效的加固作用。
d：桩机就位时一定要对准桩中心，就位后要调整工具桩的垂直度，成孔后孔的倾斜度不得大于1.5%H(H为桩长)；成孔后必须检查成孔效果（如深度；有无缩孔；塌落土>700等现象）并做好施工记录，合格后立即回填夯实。
e：成孔时位移偏差应小于50mm，成孔垂直度用吊线控制，应小于1.5H/100（H为桩长）。按总桩数的５％进行抽检。如遇到异常情况，则应和监理工程师及甲方代表及时联系，以便协商解决。
f：成孔后要进行测量孔的深度，记录钻孔深度，实际测量深度及坍落土的厚度。
3.8 、回填；
a：依据《试验条件书》回填材料采用2:8灰土和素土进行。在试验篇素土区应回填素土，在试验篇灰土区应回填灰土。
b：2:8灰土中所用的消石灰进场时应有出厂合格证，复试报告及现场抽检合格后才能进行拌和使用。
c：回填料在回填及夯扩前对2:8灰土要进行抽样击实实验，确定最优含水率及灰土的物理指标和化学性能，为施工控制提供可靠依据。 桩身采用素填土时土料颗粒不得大于15㎜。
d：回填时应先进行底夯，以夯实孔底的坍落土。
e：回填时在填料(2:8灰土和素土)符合技术质量要求时方可进行，每次填料的数量应为三锨或一锨，夯锤夯击的次数分别为四击或和一击，即三锨四锤。直至听到孔内发出“咚，咚”声为止。
f：夯实机的锤重300kg以上，锤体直径小于400mm，但不能小于350mm的夯锤进行夯实，夯锤落距不小于2M。
3.9、抽检：抽检由试桩和监理方同时进行，试桩期间用环刀法加杆臂对桩身的质量进行抽检并化验指标，随时抽查桩身的回填质量。
3.10、记录，指现场试桩记录，试桩的本身目的是消除土壤湿陷性和提高地基的承载力，记录掌握在现场施工过程中的最基础的原始资料，包括桩径、桩长、含水量、干容重、回填料的数量、夯实机提升高度和夯击次数等，是调整参数和保证质量的必不可少的资料，依据规范和新的标准，由专业记录资料员进行，记录格式详见表1、表2。

施工记录表
工程名称； 机长； 机号； 表 1
序号
桩号
处理深度
（m）
填料数量
（m3）
成桩工艺
机手
质检员
备注
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

填料类别

成孔直径

成桩直径

项目经理

技术负责人

监理代表

密度试验记录（环刀法）
工程名称 试验者
工程编号 计算者
试验日期 校核者
表 2
试验

编号
环刀

号
湿土质量（g）
试样体积(cm3)
湿密度
g\ cm3
试样含水率%
干密度
g\ cm3
平均干密度
g\ cm3

4、效果检测；
按国家建筑法强制性条文，试验施工单位不能进行检测工作，必须由业主委托的第三方具有相应资质的单位来进行检测和评定。
为使检测得到准确的数据；依据《湿陷性黄土地区建筑规范》GB50025—2004等相关规范，检测时必须在桩顶标高下挖1m松动层后再行检测。
检测的基本内容；
①、天然地基检测：
②、常规检测：即依据《湿陷性黄土地区建筑规范》GB50025—2004等相关规范进行常规检测，常规检测测3孔间、2孔间、孔边ρd、ω、＠1.0m 计算ηe ；测3孔间常规土工、湿陷（δs、δw）＠1.0m ；测孔填料2╱3D时ρd、、 、ω、＠0.5m ，计算ηe ；测3孔间、2孔间动探、静探指标：
③、进行动、静力触探和荷载试验
④、探井开挖
试验场地探井开挖（12m），取样间距1.0m；单孔夯探井开挖，数量为3个。
⑤、标准贯入试验
原场地标准贯入试验（12m），数量为4点，间距为1m；整片处理，s=1.1m，两孔间、三孔间各做3点，数量为6点，间距为1m；s=1.2m，两孔间、三孔间各做3点，数量为6点，间距为1m；
⑥、静力触探
原场地各做4点；整片处理，每场地两孔间、三孔间各做3点，数量为12点。
⑦、载荷试验
整片处理，s=1.2m场地，桩体、桩间各做3点，共做6点载荷试验，为圆形承压板，桩体承压板直径为600mm，桩间承压板直径为900mm。
5．试验报告及相关措施：
5.1、由检测单位提交试验检测报告书；
5.2、试桩中常见的质量隐患(通病)及补救措施（详见表 3）

试桩中常见的质量隐患(通病)及补救措施 表 3
过程
现象
原因
措施

成

孔
1、打桩机打入困难
1、天然含水率低
2遇不良层地基（孤石或卵石层）等
增湿
挖除回填后重新钻孔
2、成孔倾斜
桩机调整不当
遇漂石
重新调整就位
挖除
3、孔内余土超标准
天然含水率低、成孔困难
增湿
夯

填

1、塌落土多，容易断桩
天然含水率低、锤体倾斜

成孔前需要增湿
调整纠正后回填

2、桩身密实度不够

1、回填料含水量低
2、土和石灰不符和要求
3、锤的重量，提升高度和夯击次数不够
增大填料的含水率
防止耕植土进场或进场合格土及石灰
调整锤重、落距、增加夯击次数
3、桩间土密实度不够

1、天然含水率低
2、锤的重量，提升高度和夯击次数不够
3、桩间距大

试桩前需增湿
调整锤重、落距、增加夯击次数
调整桩间距

5.3、土和灰土挤密桩质量检验标准（附表 6）
土和灰土挤密桩质量检验标准 表 6
项 目
序号
检查项目
允许偏差或允许值
检查方法
单位
数值
主控项目
1
桩体及桩间土干密度
设计要求
现场取样检查
2
桩长
mm
＋500
测桩管长度或垂球测孔深
3
地基承载力
设计要求
按规定的方法
4
桩径
mm
－20
用钢尺量
一般项目
1
土料有机质含量
％
≤5
实验室焙烧法
2
石灰粒径
mm
≤5
筛分法
3
桩位偏差

满堂布桩≤0.4d
条基布桩≤0.25 d
用钢尺量，d 为桩径
4
垂直度
％
≤1.5
用经纬仪测桩管
注：桩径允许偏差负值是指个别断面。

可修改编辑
（英文版 ）
Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department
The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and c