虚拟语气2018高考专项复习讲解练习--典型例题补充.doc

专题五 虚拟语气
【概况】虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种主观愿望或假设的情况.主要用于条件状语从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句和其他的一些句子结构.
If I had more time,I would help you with your English.(表示与现在事实相反的假设)
I wish I were as young as you.(表示一种愿望)
It is strange that he(should)not have been invited to the meeting.(用于主语从句)
He insisted that we(should)adopt this teaching method.(用于宾语从句)
His suggestion is that we(should)speak more English in class.(用于表语从句)
The young man followed his doctor's advice that he(should)give up drinking.(用于同位语从句)
一. 虚拟语气在非真实性条件句中的运用.

从句
主句
例句
与现在事实相反的假设
If+主语+动词的过去式(be动词用were)
主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形
If I were you,I would seize the chance to go abroad.
与过去事实相反的假设
If+主语+had+过去分词
主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
If you had taken my advice,you would not have failed in the exams.
与将来事实相反的假设
1.If+主语+动词的过去式
主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形
If he should not come tomorrow,we would put off the meeting till next Monday.
2.If+主语+were to+动词原形
3.If+主语+should+动词原形

1.Maybe if I (study)science,and not liberal arts then,I would be able to give you more help.
2.(2017北京,34)If the new safety system　　    to use, the accident would never have happened.
A.had been put　　B.were put
C.should be put　　D.would be put
3.(2016北京,34)Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you　　    me, I could
have helped.
A.told　　B.had told
C.were to tell　　D.would tell
4.(2016天津,15)I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadn’t been wearing one,I　　    .
A.were injured
B.would be injured
C.had been injured
D.would have been injured

5.(2013江苏,30)I should not have laughed if I　　    you were serious.
A.thought 　　B.would think　　
C.had thought 　　D.have thought
2.(2015北京,34)If I　　    it with my own eyes,I wouldn’t have believed it.
A.didn’t see　　B.weren’t seeing
C.wouldn’t see　　D.hadn’t seen
6.(2014湖南,22)If Mr.Dewey　　    present,he would have offered any possible assistance to the
people there.
A.were　　B.had been　　C.should be　　D.was
82013福建,30)—Do you think George has passed the driving test?
—No.If so,he　　    his car to our college yesterday.
A.would drive　　B.drove
C.would have driven　　D.had driven
10.(2013重庆,29)—It rained cats and dogs this morning.I’m glad we took an umbrella.
—Yeah,we would have got wet all over if we　　    .
A.hadn’t　　B.haven’t　　C.didn’t　　D.don’t
1.(2017江苏苏锡常镇一模,33)—Nowadays people seem to become more and more selfish.
—How much better life would be if we 　　     to the values of the past!
A.were to return 　　B.had returned
C.return　　D.will return
10.(2016江苏百校第一次联考,34)I　　    any more to eat,if I were you.
A.wouldn’t be having　　B.wouldn’t have
C.won’t have　　D.wouldn’t have had
6.(2017江苏华罗庚中学4月调研,34)—I have been working 70 hours on my thesis this week. I am
exhausted.
—70 hours? I would be dead if I 　　     like that.
A.worked　　B.had worked
C.have been working　　D.work

使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点：
1.错综时间条件句
当条件状语从句表示的动作或行为和主句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为"错综时间条件句",动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整.
If you had just followed my advice,you would be better now.
If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.
2.(2016江苏,27)If it 　　     for his invitation the other day,I should not be here now.
A.had not been　　B.should not be
C.were not to be　　D.should not have been
7.(2013北京,34)If we　　    a table earlier,we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue.
A.have booked　　B.booked
C.book　　D.had booked
11.(2013天津,14)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before,he　　    able to
speak it much better now.
A.will be　　B.would be C.has been　　D.would have been

2.if省略句
在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首,变为倒装句式.
If I were at school again,I would study harder. Were I at school again,I would study harder.
If you had come earlier,you would have caught the bus Had you come earlier,you would have caught the bus.
If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.
1.(2017江苏,22)　　    not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her diffi-
culty.
A.It were　　B.Were it　　C.It was　　D.Was it
3.(2015江苏,28)It might have saved me some trouble　　    the schedule.
A.did I know　　B.have I known
C.do I know　　D.had I known
5.(2016浙江,15)Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths　    
    since their highest in 2005.
A.had not fallen　　B.would not fall
C.did not fall　　D.would not have fallen
9.(2014福建,32)　　    no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news
from around the world.
A.Were there　　B.Had there been
C.If there are　　D.If there have been
4.(2014天津,15)　　    the morning train,he would not have been late for the meeting.
A.Did he catch　　B.Should he catch
C.Has he caught　　D.Had he caught
13.(2016江苏南京、盐城一模,33)I 　　     that the experience I was heading for was anything but
boring, had I read the brochure carefully.
A.realized　　B.had realized
C.would realize 　　D.would have realized
1.(2017江苏联盟2月联考,34)—Helen, are you going to the airport to pick up Jack the day after to-
morrow?
—　　     tomorrow night, I would pick him up.
A.Were he to come back
B.If he was about to come back
C.Had he come back
D.If he would come back
9.(2016江苏南通三模,28)She would be much healthier now　　    with that much pressure from
work when young.
A.had she not burdened herself
B.were she not burdened
C.should she not burden herself
D.were she not to be burdened
11.(2016江苏苏州一模,30)You are welcome to use this area for your baby buggy(童车). However,
　　     a wheelchair user board the bus, you are not supposed to use this special area.
A.would 　　B.might 　　C.should 　　D.could

3.含蓄条件句
有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而是通过其他手段来代替条件从句
①Without your help,we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.
=But for your help,we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.
=If it had not been for your help,we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.
=Had it not been for your help,we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.
②I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sporty meeting.(副词)
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.(连词)
③I would write to her,but I don't know her address.(连词)
④A few hours earlier(=If you had come a few hours earlier),you would have been able to meet the famous writer.
【练一练】
①We (be)back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.
②If he (catch)the morning train,he would not have been late for the meeting.
③If we (book)a table earlier,we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.
1.(2017天津,15)—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I　　    able to reach her yesterday.
A.hadn’t been　　B.wouldn’t have been
C.weren’t　　D.wouldn’t be
8.(2015重庆,7)Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway　　    his famous novel A Farewell to
Arms.
A.didn’t write　　B.hadn’t written
C.wouldn’t write　　D.wouldn’t have written
11.(2014浙江,16)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation,
or they　　    to our help.
A.would have come　　B.could come
C.have come　　D.had come
12.(2013安徽,28)I　　    to my cousin’s birthday party last night,but I was not available.
A.went　　B.had gone
C.would go　　D.would have gone
1.(2015安徽,32)It is lucky we booked a room,or we　　     nowhere to stay now.
A.had　　B.had had
C.would have　　D.would have had
5.(2014安徽,30)People are recycling many things which they　　    away in the past.
A.had thrown　　B.will be throwing
C.were throwing　　D.would have thrown
5.(2017江苏扬州中学第二学期期中,32)But for the fact that he 　　     the truth, he 　　     with a
week’s imprisonment.
A.didn’t know;would be punished
B.hadn’t known;might have punished
C.didn’t know;would have been punished
D.hadn’t known;could be punished

二.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
1.用于宾语从句中
①wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望.其谓语动词构成形式为:
一般过去时(宾语从句动作与wish同时)
had+过去分词(宾语从句动作先于wish)
would/could+动词原形(宾语从句动作先于wish)
I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.
I wish(that)I had met that film star yesterday.
此外,If only+句子=How I wish+that从句(that可省略)
If only I were a flying bird!=How I wish I were a flying bird!
If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film

6.(2015天津,13)I wish I　　    at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in
New York then.
A.will be　　B.would be
C.have been 　　D.had been
7.(2015陕西,23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I　　    as well as her.
A.dance　　B.will dance　　C.had danced　　D.danced
9.(2013陕西,12)My mom suggests that we　　    eat out for a change this weekend.
A.should　　B.might　　C.could　　D.would

②用于表示建议,命令,要求等动词后的宾语从句中,常见的动词有insist,order,command,require,request,demand,advise,suggest,propose,recommend等.宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为"should+动词原形",should可以省略.
He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.
They insisted that the boy(should)go with them.
记忆口诀:一坚持(insist)，二命令(order,command),三要求(require,request,demand),四建议 (advise,suggest,propose,recommend)
备注:当suggest表示"暗示,表明"之意,insist表示"坚持说"之意时,suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气,应使用陈述语气.
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
The man insisted that he had never stolen money.
13.(2013浙江,8)Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam　　    at the age of six months
old.
A.was　　B.be　　C.were　　D.is
14.(2015江苏南通、连云港二模,34)The school took the students’ request into consideration that a
party　　    be held to celebrate the victory.
A.could　　B.might　　C.would　　D.should

③在would rather后的句子中,谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were),表示对现在或将来的虚拟;谓语动词用过去完成时,表示对过去的虚拟.
I would rather they didn't hear of the news.(对现在或将来的虚拟)
I would rather I had not told him the bad news.(对过去的虚拟)
10.(2014陕西,23)We would rather our daughter　　    at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is
not a child any longer.
A.would stay　　B.has stayed　　C.stayed　　D.stay
3.(2017江苏苏北四市第一次调研,34)—So boring and exhausted! I’d rather I hadn’t been invited
to the party.
—Oh, no. If so, I 　　     a quiet night at home.
A.didn’t enjoy　　B.hadn’t enjoyed
C.couldn’t have enjoyed　　D.couldn’t enjoy

2.用于主语从句中

It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essential+that从句,从
句的谓语动词用"should+动词原形",should可以省略.
It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.
It is strange that he(should)have treated his parents like that.(从句谓语动词的动作在主句谓语动词的动作之前发生时,要用"should have+过去分词",should可以省略)
12.(2016江苏苏锡常镇一模,24)We shall hardly please everyone; nor is it necessary that we 　　    .
A.need　　B.should　　C.can　　D.may

3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中
在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是"should+动词原形",should可以省略.
My idea is that we(should)think it over before accepting it.
We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should)go to Hangzhou for sightseeing.
【练一练】
①Where are the children?The dinner's going to be completely ruined.I wish they (be)not always late.
②We would rather our daughter (stay)at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.
2.(2017江苏南通如皋联考,13)Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained
　　    into account before starting a new project
A.be taken　　B.should take
C.would be taken　　D.have to be taken

三.虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的从句中的运用
as if/as though引导方式状语从句或表语从句,有时从句的谓语部分要用虚拟语气形式,其形式为:
一般过去时(状语从句动作与主句谓语动词所表达的动作同时发生)

过去完成时(状语从句动作先于主句谓语动词所表达的动作)

Would/could/might+动词原形(状语从句动作后于主句谓语动词所表达的动作)
He looks as if he were an artist.(同时)
She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.(先于)
He learns English so hard as if he would go the USA.(后于)
【练一练】
①It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I (do)it?
②He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he be)a Chinese.
③Looking round the town,he felt as though he (be)away for ages.
3.(2014重庆,13)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I　　    it?
A.had done　　B.have done
C.did　　D.am doing
7.(2017江苏姜堰、如东、沭阳、前黄中学二模,31)It’s over three years since the release of the
animation Frozen, but the icy queen and her frozen empire are still staying in the spotlight, as if the
movie 　　     only last month.
A.were released　　B.had been released
C.would have been released　　D.was released

四.虚拟语气在定语从句和状语从句中的运用.
1.在定语从句中
It is (high)time(that)....句型中,定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,或用"should+动词原形"(其中should不能省略).此句型为"(现在)该.......",用来表示提建议.
It is(high)time that you went to school
It is(high)time that we should start out.
2.在目的状语从句中
在in case,for fear that,in order that,so that等引导的目的状语从句中,动词用"could/should/might/would+动词原形",表示虚拟.
They left early for fear that they would meet him.
But I gave you a map so that you wouldn't get lost.
【练习】
一. 单句语法填空.
1.Maybe if I (study)science,and not liberal arts then,I would be able to give you more help.
2.Teachers recommend parents (allow)their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
3I (go)through that bitter period without your generous help.
4.I wish I (be)at my sister's wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.
5.Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I (dance)as well as her.
6.Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway (write)his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
7.Sorry,Mum!I failed the job interview again.Oh,it's too bad.You have made full preparations.
8.If I (see)it with my own eyes,I wouldn't have believed it.
9.If Mr.Dewey (be)present,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
10.Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam (be)at the age of six months old.
11.If he had spent more time practising speaking English before,he be able to speak it much better now.
12.Jack is a great talker.It's high time that he (do)something instead of just talking.
13.Don't handle the vase as if it (be)made of steel.
14.Sorry,I am too busy now.If I (have)time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.
15.If we (make)adequate preparations,the conference wouldn't have been so successful.

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