2018年中考英语题型专项复习任务型阅读20篇及答案.doc

Passage 1
The Art of the Elephants
If your cat walked across something you were painting and left footprints behind, would you consider your cat an artist? What if your bird held a colored pencil in its beak（喙） and painted on a piece of paper? Most people may think of animal art as a joke, but some people have been taking it very seriously.
Elephants were used for hundreds of years in Thailand’s logging industry(伐木业). They moved wood from forests in areas where there were no roads. At the beginning of this century, when the forests of Thailand began to quickly disappear, the government put a stop to logging. All of a sudden, many elephants in Thailand no longer had a way to make a living.
Some elephants were treated badly. Others had to try to live on their own and couldn’t find enough food to eat. There were once tens of thousands of elephants in Thailand. Today, there are less than five thousand. When two Russian American artists, Vitaly Komar and Alex Melamid, first heard about the troubled elephants in Thailand, they knew that something had to be done to forever change the way people treated Thai elephants. Then, they came up with an idea to help these elephants.
Komar and Melamid visited elephant camps in Thailand and began to show the elephant trainers how to teach the elephants to paint. At first, the trainers had to guide the elephants’ trunks. The elephants became more comfortable doing this with practice—and lots of sweet snacks—and finally started to paint on their own. The strange idea that Komar and Melamid had to save the elephants actually began to work. They even helped found several elephant art schools in Thailand and in other Asian countries. The elephants and their trainers go there to learn about painting and get supplies they need.
Today, people begin to buy elephant artworks from galleries(画廊) all around the world. Some are even willing to pay more than ＄2,000 for the works of the elephant artists! Some people compare the cheerful, brightly-colored artworks to the works of some great abstract(抽象地) painters. Some people are just happy to buy these special and original(原创地) artworks. Others think they are helping the troubled elephants in this way. The next time you see a piece of colorful abstract art, find out who the artist is. You just may be surprised at what you learn!
1. What may most people think of animal art?
_________
2. What did elephants do in Thailand’s logging industry?
___________________________________________________________
3. How many elephants are there in Thailand today?
___________________________________________________________
4. What was Komar and Melamid’s idea to help the elephants in Thailand?
___________________________________________________________
5. Please list one reason why people buy elephant artworks.
___________________________________________________________
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍的是大象艺术品。大象作画是两名俄罗斯籍的美国画家为帮助大象而想出的一个主意，即让训象师教大象作画，画作出售后，训象师和大象可以得到报酬和需要的东西。很多人喜欢大象的画作，也有人是为支持这些受苦的大象而购买这些画作的。
1. Most people may think of animal art as a joke.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：大多数人对于动物艺术的看法是什么？根据第一段最后一句“Most people may think of animal art as a joke...”可知，大多数人觉得动物艺术是笑话。
2. They moved mood from forests where there were no roads.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：大象在泰国的伐木业中从事什么工作？根据第二段第二句“They moved mood from forests where there were no roads”可知，人们用大象在没有公路的森林中运输木头。
3. There are less than five thousand.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：现如今，在泰国有多少只大象？根据第三段第四句“Today，there are less than five thousand.”可知今天的大象数量不足5千只。
4. They showed elephants trainers how to teach elephants to paint.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Komar和 Melamid想出了什么办法来帮助泰国的大象？根据第四段首句“Komar and Melamid visited the elephant camps in Thailand and began to show elephants trainers how to teach elephants to paint.”可知,两人拜访了泰国的大象营地，并给训象师展示怎样教大象绘画。
5. Some people compare the cheerful, brightly-colored artworks to the work of some great painters./ Some people are just happy to buy these special and original artworks./ Others think they are helping the troubled elephants in this way.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：请列举人们购买大象艺术作品的一个原因。根据最后一段中“Some people...Some people...Others...”可知,有些人把这些艺术比作最伟大画家的抽象艺术；有些人就是喜欢购买这种特别和原创的艺术作品；另一些人认为以此可以帮助受苦的大象。
Passage 2
Albino Power
I was born an albino（白化病患者） in Scranton, Pennsylvania, in 1945. No one in my family had ever known what an albino was, what it meant to be an albino, what had to be done differently because I was an albino.
My parents and friends treated me just like they treated everybody else. They was just about the best thing they could have done. It gave me a leg up on trusting myself, so when troubles came along, I could deal with them.
Truly, my schoolbook photo always looked like a snowball with two pieces of coal for eyes. Like most albinos, I had terrible eyesight, but the fact that I could hardly see didn’t worry me all that much.
Kids laughed at me, calling me “Whitey”. People stared at me when I held reading material right at the tip of my nose so I could see it well enough to read. Even when I was eight or nine, movie theater workers started asking me to pay adult prices because I “looked older”.
The worst part for me was that because my eyesight was so bad that I couldn’t play sports very well. but I didn’t give up trying. I practiced playing basketball every day. And I studied harder.
Finally, I got better at school and loved it. By the time I got to college, I was double majoring（专业）, going to summer school and taking part in every kind of after-class activity I could find. I had learned to be proud of being an albino. I tried my best to make “albino” positive work. And I decided to make my living with my eyes—and in sports.
I couldn’t see well enough to play sports, but with a good and long-lasting education and the drive to do it, I could make a living involved in the area I loved. I’ve done it now for more than thirty years in print and in video, and now in cyberspace. People make jokes about how I’m the only “blind editor（编辑）” they know, but the jokes are friendly smiles now, and some of them are signs of respect. And I make jokes about being an albino. I have even developed an all-white routine, if you could call it that.
I was just a proud albino kid from the coal country of Pennsylvania. I now realize that being born an albino helped me to get over difficulties, become confident, and be proud of my personal achievements.
1. How did the writer’s parents and friends treat him?
___________________________________________________________
2. Why couldn’t the writer play sports very well?
_________________________________
3. What was the writer doing by the time he got to college?
___________________________________________________________
4. What does the writer think of the “blind editor” jokes now?
___________________________________________________________
5. What does “Albino Power” mean to the writer?
___________________________________________________________
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文，作者天生患白化病，也正是这个白化病让作者战胜生活中的困难，获得自信。
1. Just like they treated everybody else.【解析】题干意为：作者的父母和朋友是如何对待他的？根据第二段第一句“My parents and friends treated me just like they treated everybody else.”可知答案。
2. Because his eyesight was very bad.【解析】题干意为：为什么作者不能很好的运动？根据第五段第一句“The worst part for me was that because my eyesight was so bad...”可知答案。
3. He was double majoring, going to summer school and taking part in after-class activities.【解析】题干意为：等到作者上大学了，他做了什么？根据第六段第二句“By the time I got to college, I was double majoring(专业），going to summer school and taking part in every kind ...”可知答案。
4. They are friendly smiles.【解析】题干意为：作者现在是怎样认为“盲人编辑”这个玩笑的？根据第七段倒数第三句“...but the jokes are friendly smiles...”可知答案。
5. It is the power to help him to get over difficulties,become confident,and be proud of his personal achievement.【解析】题干意为：“白化病力量”对作者来说意味着什么？根据最后一段最后一句可知答案。
Passage 3
Can you imagine a world without a writing system for your language? It may be hard to picture it now, but a man named Sequoyah lived in such a world. Sequoyah was a member of a native American tribe, the Cherokee. Cherokee people speak their own language, but for hundreds of years they did not have a system of writing. Without a writing system, the Cherokee had no newspapers or books before 1809.
Sequoyah was probably born around the year 1770 and lived with his mother in a small village in the mountains of Tennessee. When he grew up, he became a blacksmith. When he was doing business with those “English-speaking people”, he noticed that they used paper with marks to record their thoughts and ideas. Sequoyah called these pieces of paper with marks “talking leaves”. He began to wonder why people who spoke Cherokee did not have a way to write down their words.
In 1809, Sequoyah decided to give the Cherokee their own “talking leaves”. At first he tried to make a different symbol for every word in the Cherokee language. But in that case, there would be so many symbols and too hard for people to remember, so he decided to make a picture for each syllable (音节). After much hard work, Sequoyah invented 85 symbols. In order to see whether it would work, he helped his six-year-old daughter Ayoka learn each symbol and found she could learn to read and write very quickly. Sequoyah’s invention was a success!
Before long, Sequoyah’s writing system had spread far and wide. Cherokee people living in all different parts of the country learned to read and write. In 1825, Sequoyah’s system was made the official written language for Cherokee people. To this day, Cherokee speakers still use Sequoyah’s writing system. In some parts of the United States, you can see street signs and billboards written in both English and Cherokee. Sequoyah will always be remembered for his important contribution to Cherokee people.
1. Did the Cherokee have newspapers before 1809?
_________________________________________________________
2. What did Sequoyah call the pieces of paper with marks?
___________________________________________________________
3. How many symbols did Sequoyah invent in the Cherokee language?
___________________________________________________________
4. When was Sequoyah’s system made the official written language?
___________________________________________________________
5. Why will Sequoyah always be remembered?
___________________________________________________________
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，文中主要介绍了塞阔雅（Sequoyah）对切诺基语的发展所做出的巨大贡献。
1. No.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在1809年之前，Cherokee有报纸吗？根据第一段最后一句“Without a writing system, the Cherokee had no newspapers or books before 1809.”可知答案是否定的。
2. Talking leaves.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Sequoyah把带有符号的纸张称为什么？根据第二段倒数第二句“Sequoyah called these pieces of paper with marks ‘talking leaves’.”可知，他把这些带有符号的纸张称为“说话的树叶”。
3. 85.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在切诺基语中，Sequoyah发明了多少符号？根据第三段第四句中“After much hard work, Sequoyah invented 85 symbols.”可知，Sequoyah发明了85个符号。
4. In 1825.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Sequoyah的书写系统什么时候成为了官方的书面语？根据最后一段第三句“In 1825, Sequoyah’s system was made the official written language for Cherokee people.”可知，Sequoyah的书写系统在1825年成为了官方的书面语。
5. Because of/For his important contribution to Cherokee people. / Because he created the writing system for Cherokee language. / Because he made the official written language for Cherokee people.【解析】题干意为：Sequoyah为什么会被人们永远纪念?阅读短文可知，Sequoyah为切诺基人的语言发展做出了巨大的贡献，据此表述即可，答案不唯一。
Passage 4
Garbage（垃圾） Island
You can’t see it from the air. It’s almost impossible to see from a ship. But somewhere in the North Pacific is a huge island of garbage, just below the water surface.
What is the island made of?
The garbage island is not an island, but a collection of millions of plastic and other objects（物体）. The water movements of the Pacific Ocean bring the objects together and cause them to go around in a big circle.
Charles Moore found it in 1997 and named it “the Great Pacific Garbage Patch”.
Where does all the plastic come from?
Much of the garbage comes from everyday objects, such as shopping bags and water bottles. Some of these objects finally reach the ocean. Garbage from the western coast of North America takes about six years to reach it. Objects from East Asia take about a year. Other garbage comes from ships passing through the area.
Is the Garbage Patch dangerous?
The larger pieces of garbage are a problem for wildlife. For example, sea turtles（海龟） and seabirds often think the plastic is their food. They eat the plastic and die.
In addition, the plastic stops sunlight from reaching deeper water. Without sunlight, very small sea animals die. Then, there is less food for larger fish to eat.
What can we do to help stop it?
Cleaning up the island isn’t easy. But we can make people realize the problem. One environmentalist（环保主义者）， David de Rothschild, is sailing around the world on a boat made of plastic bottles to teach people about the problem of garbage in the sea.
Another idea is that we can recycle the plastic garbage. Environmental engineer Cesar Harada is building a robot that collects pieces of plastic. Harada hopes to use his robot in the Pacific. Harada also has a website for reporting environmental problems. He says, “I hope everybody can become an environmental activist.”
1. What is the garbage made of?
___________________________________________________________
2. How long does it take objects from East Asia to reach the island?
___________________________________________________________
3. Is the garbage island dangerous?
__________________________________________________________
4. Why is David de Rothschild sailing on a bottle boat?
___________________________________________________________
5. According to the writer, what can we do to help stop garbage island?
___________________________________________________________
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍目前北太平洋的垃圾污染问题以及环保主义者对社会的倡议
1. It is made of millions of plastic and other objects. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：垃圾是由什么组成的？根据第二段中“but a collection of millions of plastic and other objects（物体）.”可知垃圾是由数百万塑料及其他物品组成。
2. About a year. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：物品从东亚到这个岛需要多久？根据第四段中“Objects form East Asia take about a year.”可知需要大约一年的时间。
3. Yes, （it is） 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：岛上的垃圾危险吗？根据第五段中海龟和海鸟把垃圾当成食物，之后死亡的例子，可知岛上的垃圾是危险的。
4. Because he wants to teach people about the problem of garbage in the sea. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：David de Rothschild 为何用瓶子船航行？根据第六段中“David de Rothschild, is sailing around the world on a boat made of plastic bottles to teach people about the problem of garbage in the sea.”故可知答案。
5. We can make people realize the problem and recycle the plastic garbage. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为: 根据作者，我们能做什么来帮助阻止垃圾岛的形成？根据文章第六段中“but we can make people realize the problem”和第七段中“Another idea is that we can recycle the plastic garbage.”可知有两个办法来阻止垃圾岛的形成，故可知答案。
Passage 5
People can’t see you when you’re speaking on the phone, but they can hear you. So, the way you speak is especially important. In fact, researchers have found that 80% of communication over the phone is through your tone（语气）of voice; and only 20% is from the words you use. Here are our top ti