1、不定式的句法
作者: admin来源: 网络文章 时间: 2018-07-29
一、不定式用作主语
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
To talk with him is a great pleasure. 和他谈话是一件非常愉快的事。
To remember this is very important. 记住这一点很重要。
【注】为了避免头重脚轻,在许多情况下,通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后部,而在句首使用的主语位置使用形式主语it:
It’s very important to remember this. 记住这一点很重要。
It’s a pi
2、ty to leave so early. 这么早走太遗憾。
二、不定式用作表语
He seems to be ill. 他似乎有病。
Her wish is to be a teacher. 她的愿望就是当一名教师。
You are not to smoke in this room. 你不应在这个房间里吸烟。
【注】不定式作表语主要有三种情况,一是用于seem, appear, prove, turn out等连系动词之后的不定式(尤其是to be),二是像My job is to sweep the floor(我的工作就是擦地板)这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形,三是表示想法、
3、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等,再如:
We are to meet at the station at three. 我们约定3点钟在车站见面。(表约定)
How are we to convince him? 我们怎么能说服他呢? (表可能性)
You are to come when I call. 叫你来的时候,你必须来。(表命令)
三、不定式用作宾语
I can’t afford to buy a car. 我买不起汽车。
Remember to post the letter. 记住把信寄了。
I hope to be staying with you. 我希望和你
4、住在一起。
【注】(1) 不定式不仅用作动词的宾语,还可用作个别介词(but, except)的宾语:
I had no choice but to wait. 除了等,我没有别的选择。
It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果。
(2) 当作宾语的不定式后跟有宾语补足语时,通常要用形式宾语it代替不定式,并将真正的宾语不定式置于宾语补足语之后:
I find it difficult to learn Japanese well. 我感到学会日语不容易。
四、不定式用作宾语补足语
Who taught y
5、ou to drive? 谁教你开车的?
He warned me not to touch it. 他警告我不要碰它。
What caused him to change his mind? 什么使他改变主意的?
五、不定式用作定语
I have a question to ask you. 我有一个问题要问你。
It is a pleasant thing to remember. 这是一件值得记住的愉快的事。
He is not a man to tell a lie. 他不是个说谎的人。
【注】有的名词(如way, chance, right等)后用作定语的不定式可换成o
6、f doing sth:
It’s the best way to do [of doing] it. 这是做此事最好的办法。
但是,以下名词后接不定式作定语时通常不能换成of doing sth:
attempt 试图 courage 勇气
decision 决定 effort 努力
fortune 运气 failure 失败
invitation 邀请 permission 允许
promise 允诺 wish 愿望
六、不定式用作状语
不定式作状语可以表示多种关系(如目的、结果、原因、条件等):
I went to France to learn French. 我到法国去学法语。(表目的)
He returned home to find his wife waiting for him. 他回到家发现他的妻子在等他。(表结果)
You would make a great mistake to accept his offer. 你要是接受他的建议,你就犯了大错误。(表条件)
We are proud to be members of this team. 作为这个队的队员我们感到很自豪。(表原因)
He opened his mouth as if to say something. 他张开嘴,好像要说什么。(表方式))