1、讲义专题三:形容词和副词形容词:一、 定义:形容词是用来修饰名词的词,描述名词的性质、外观、特点。二、 功能:能做定语、表语、补足语三、 形容词的种类1、 定语形容词(修饰形容词)和表语形容词(1)定语形容词:即做定语的形容词,“n.+y”(healthy. lucky)、 以“ly”结尾(lovely. friendly)、“n.+al”(national. central)、从前/后来的(former. later)、内/外部的(inner. outer)、年长、唯一(elder. only)* 定语形容词一般置于名词前,但如下情况需后置:A形容词做定语修饰由some-, Any-, Ev
2、ery, No-和-body, thing-, one等构成的符合不定代词时需后置。 There is nobody absent today. B. 以-able或-ble结尾的形容词可置于由形容词最高级或only等词修饰的名词前面。 That is the best book available.C. 成对形容词后置。 She has many pencils, blue and red.D. 形容词短语一般后置。 A man difficult to get on with five years oldE. 当old, long, high, wide, deep 等词附有数量短语作定语
3、时,需后置。At that time she was only a girl five years old. (2) 表语形容词 :做表语的形容词,以前缀“a-”开头的(alive. asleep)、健康(well. faint)、情感和心理状态(glad. sorry) He was asleep. Im glad to meet you.* 表语形容词并非只能做表语,它们还可以做补足语,有的还可以做后置定语(但不能做前置定语). The people, and the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world his
4、tory. (补足语) 人民,只有人民,才是创造世界的动力。四、定冠词the + 形容词”表示一类人或物,作“主语或宾语”,意思为“的一种人”,“的一类东西或事情”。 The new will take the place of the old . (新事物将代替旧事物。)五、加-ed的形容词表示“人感到如何”,加-ing的形容词则用来描写事物, 如: We were excited when we heard the exciting news.六、 多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序(高考考点) 当两个以上的形容词修饰名词时,与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词;如果密切程度差不多,则音节少
5、的在前,多的在后。an exciting American film限定词描绘外观形状龄色国材冠词前的形容词冠词指示代词不定代词物主代词序数词基数词性质状态大小长短新旧程度颜色国籍产地材料质地名词AllBoth Such The, a ThisAnotherYour SecondNext OneFour BeautifulGoodPoorLargeShortSquareNewCoolBlackCoolChineseLondonSilkStone练习排序:white beautiful Chinese The first wood little 名词:bridge The first beaut
6、iful little white Chinese wood bridge 副词:一、 定义和功能:用来修饰动词(系动词除外)、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。副词在句子中主要用作状语,表示时间,方式,程度,范围。许多副词皆由形容词加-ly 构成,如:careful-carefully.二、 分类:1时间副词Soon now early finally once recently5频度副词Usually often weekly twice2地点副词Here nearby outside upwards above6疑问副词How where when why 3方式副词Hard well fas
7、t slowly really7连接副词How when where whether however4程度副词Very much too quite so just8关系副词When where why 三、 副词的位置:(高考考点)A. 方式副词:短在前,长在后,并用and或but等连词连接。 He spoke slowly and carefully. B. 两个或两个以上的同类副词或副词短语在一起时,一般遵循“具体在前,笼统在后”或“小的在前,大的在后”的原则 We met at the school gate at 4 on the afternoon.(时间副词) C. 多个不同副词
8、排列: 程度+方式+地点+时间副词She sat quietly(方式)+in the room (地点)for an hour.(时间)三、 副词 enough 的用法(1) 作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时要放在所修饰词的后面Brave enough Strangely enough(2) Cannot 与 enough 连用时,表示“再。也不为过”You cannot be careful enough. 你再细心也不为过。 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级:(高考考点)一、 平级比较(1) 用asas , such as, notas/soas , the same as引导Henry is
9、a worker as good as Peter. ( as good a worker as as +形容词+(a/an+)名词+as, such a good worker as )(2) as + adj. + as + 数量词 = 数量词 + 形容词The building is as tall as 100 meters.= The building is 100 meters tall.二、 比较级(1) “the + 比较级,the + 比较级” 表示“越。,越。”The longer you stay, the better (it will be).(2) “比较级+ an
10、d + 比较级 ”, 表示“越来越。”Guiling is become more and more beautiful.(3) 用介词by表示相差的程度。She is taller than I by three inches. = she is three inches taller than I.(4) 一个人的两种性质的比较,用 more than 结构,意为:“与其。不如。”I think shes more shy than unfriendly. 与其说她不友好,不如说她害羞。(5) 比较的对象相容的用如下句型: Any other + 单n. All (the ) other
11、+ 复n.比较级 + than + anyone else Any of the other + 复 n. The rest of + 复 n. / u.n.China is larger than any other country in Asia. (6) 比较级的修饰语,常见的有:比较级前可用a bit, a little, rather, some(肯定句及请求或建议的问句中), any(否定句或疑问句中)表示“稍稍,一点”;用much, far, a great/good deal, a lot, lots, a good bit等表示“得多”。The students study
12、even harder than before. 三、 最高级(1) 表示某人某物“最”时,用“the+形容词最高级+比较范围”句型。Asia is by far the largest of the seven continents. She writes (the) most carefully of the three.(2) 否定+ 比较级= 最高级He has never spent a more worrying day. 他度过了最担心的一天。(3) 最高级的修饰语,常见的有:序数词,by far, nearly, almost等。(其他见书P23 三、1)The bridge
13、being build now is by far the longest across the Yellow river.四、 形容词的倍数表达(高考考点)(1)times as + adj./adv. 原+ as (2)times + the + 性质n. + of (3)times + adj./adv. 比+ than(4)the + n.+ be +times +what从句(5)the +n. + be +times + that/those of The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008. (times that of ) At a rough estimate, Nigeria is three times the size of Great Britain. ( three times as big as, twice bigger than )补充:几组易混形容词、副词的比较(书P24 四)
©2010-2025 宁波自信网络信息技术有限公司 版权所有
客服电话:4008-655-100 投诉/维权电话:4009-655-100