零售业逆向物流管理策略探讨-毕业论文-毕业设计-Reverse-logistics-in-retail-management-strategy.doc

Reverse logistics in retail management strategy
Abstract: along with the development of modern science and technology and global economic integration, market competitive advantage of retail enterprises is more and more depends on modern logistics of speed, cost, service and efficiency. Therefore, retail enterprises need to control the process of logistics, especially the reasonable and effective management of reverse logistics, in order to improve the operation efficiency and obtain more competitive advantage. Based on the analysis of retailing development dilemma, on the basis of reverse logistics by studying the reasons put forward the effective management strategy.
Key words: retailing; Reverse logistics; Management strategy
Quote:
Forward in the retail logistics in recent years, is a high degree of attention, but few retail enterprises put reverse logistics enterprise development strategic position to consider, ignore the huge value behind the reverse logistics. Sears is responsible for the vice President was the comparison of the reverse logistics of logistics for the enterprise reduce the cost of the last piece of virgin land \". Retail as accept return of the most in the field of a circular economy, in the operating process of a large number of returns and scrap recycling items, has become an important aspect of enterprise development, social resources saving.
The reverse logistics market is huge, and building saving society in China, the sustainable scientific development road. At present, China's logistics industry development is still in a relatively backward level, the reverse logistics is developing slowly, many retail enterprises there are a lot of blank for the development of reverse logistics, but what is certain is that reverse logistics is a can be used as a burden backflow into to the enterprise development brings infinite opportunities, in today's fierce competition in the retail industry is a powerful weapon.
First, an overview of the reverse logistics
(a) the concept of reverse logistics
1, the derivation of the reverse logistics
The explosive growth of population, the excessive exploitation and consumption of natural resources and pollutants emissions in great quantities, the contradiction between human and nature, to the sustainable development of social economy and human form new obstacles to its own survival. In this situation, in the 1980 s, the consensus around the world, puts forward the strategy of \"sustainable development\". Increasingly frequent with the development of economy, the logistics activity, one of the many activities on the destruction of the natural resources and ecological environment more and more serious, such as exhaust gas pollution, noise pollution, waste of resources, increased traffic congestion and waste, etc., these behaviors are conflict with principles of the global sustainable development strategy. As a big country, as a huge resource consumption, environmental pollution and serious power, pay attention to the product and material recycling, implement positive reverse logistics becomes more and more become inevitable. We usually say that the logistics is refers to \"positive logistics\", but a complete supply chain should include not only \"positive\" logistics, should also include the reverse logistics. Put forward the term \"reverse logistics\" is Stock in 1992 to the American association of logistics management (CLM) in a research note, he pointed out in the report: the reverse logistics is a kind of contains a product return, material substitution, items, recycling, waste treatment, and treatment, repair and remanufacturing logistics activity process. The American association of Logistics Management (the Council of Logistics Management -- CLM) released in the panoramic view of the supply chain, Logistics entry term in September 2003 to upgrade edition the interpretation of the reverse Logistics is given as follows: due to repairs and credit problems, to sold and sent to the customer products and resources in the hands of a backflow sports professional Logistics Management. \"The national standard of China Logistics term\" will reverse Logistics into two broad categories: recycling (Returned Logistics) : unqualified item repair, return money and packaging container that turnover use from the buyer to return to the article entity that the supplier form flow. Waste Material Logistics, Waste Material Logistics) : will lose their original use value of economic activity, according to the actual need for collection, classification, processing, packaging, handling, storage, and distribution to the entity formed by a specialized processing place items. Reverse logistics is accompanied by normal items produced in the process of supply chain management in a series of activities, including the recycling of items, for the repair, return behavior of quality factors, to provide customers with more satisfactory service.
2, the meaning of the reverse logistics
Reverse logistics has broad sense and narrow sense. Narrow sense of the reverse logistics refers to those due to environmental problems or outdated products and products, spare parts or material recycling process. It is a part of the waste reuse value to sorting, processing, decomposition, making it a useful resource back into the production and consumption. Reverse logistics in addition to containing a generalized narrow sense of the definition of reverse logistics, also includes the content of the waste material logistics, its ultimate goal is to reduce resource usage, and by reducing the use of resources to achieve waste reduction goals, at the same time make positive and recycling logistics more efficient.
With the development of modern science and technology and global economic integration, the retail sales enterprise market competitive advantage is more and more depends on modern logistics of speed, cost, service and efficiency. Retail enterprises strengthen the advantage of competition development need to control the process of logistics, especially the reasonable and effective management of reverse logistics, through continuously improve enterprise management resources integration process of logistics performance management, improve operational efficiency, access to greater competitive advantage, and create a better enterprise value.
(2) the classification of reverse logistics
1, according to the recycling channels to points
According to the characteristics of recycle can be divided into the return of the two parts of the reverse logistics and reverse logistics. Return of reverse logistics is refers to the downstream customers will not meet the requirements of the order products returned to the upstream suppliers, its process and the conventional product flow to the contrary. Recycling reverse logistics refers to the final customer held by discarded items to each node enterprise on the supply chain.
2, according to the physical properties of a material, the reverse logistics
According to the material physical properties of the reverse logistics can be divided into steel and non-ferrous metal products, rubber products reverse logistics, reverse logistics wood products, glass products such as reverse logistics, reverse logistics.
3, according to the causes, ways and disposal methods and the industry to form
According to the origin, the different ways and disposal methods, according to the different, reverse logistics is used by scholars is divided into complaints return, terminal return, commercial return, return, scrap production and maintenance FuPin, and packing and so on six major categories.
(3) the importance of reverse logistics
1, improve the transparency of potential accidents
Reverse logistics in prompting companies continue to improve quality management system, has an important position. ISO90012000 version of the enterprise quality management activity summarized as a closed loop type, planning, implementation, inspection, improvement, just in the reverse logistics check and improve the two link, continuity, effects on both ends. Enterprise quality problems exposed in return, will constantly pass through the reverse logistics information system to the management, improve the transparency of potential accident, managers can constantly improve the quality management in advance, to the eradication of the products with bad hidden trouble.
2, increase customer value, increase the competitive advantage
In today's customer driven economy, customer value is decided to enterprise survival and development of the key factors. Many enterprises through the reverse logistics, improve customer satisfaction for product or service, win the trust of the customer, to increase its competitive advantage. For final customers, reverse logistics can ensure the timely return of the goods do not conform to the requirements of the order of the products, is conducive to eliminate worries about the customer, increase their sense of trust and lead to the enterprise, expand the market share of the enterprise. If a company wants to win customers, it must ensure that the customers feel better in the whole process of trading, and reverse logistics strategy is an effective means of achieving this goal. On the other hand, for enterprise customers in the supply chain upstream enterprise take easy return policy, to reduce the management risk of the downstream customers, improve the supply and demand, promote strategic cooperation between enterprises, strengthen the competitive advantage of the entire supply chain. Especially for staleness risk larger products, return policy brings more obvious competitive advantage.
3, reduce the material cost
Reduce material cost, improve the utilization rate of material is the key of the enterprise cost management, is also an important means of enterprise efficiency. However, the traditional management mode of material management limited to enterprise internal material, do not take the enterprise external waste products and the effective use of material, cause a large number of reusable sex idle and waste of resources. As a result of the waste product repurchase price is low, the source is adequate, for these products buybacks processing can reduce the cost of enterprise's material.
4, improve the environment behavior, shaping the corporate image
As people living standard and the enhancement of cultural quality, the growing environmental consciousness, great changes have taken place in consumption idea, customers expect more and more high to the environment. In addition, due to the scarcity of non-renewable resources and the environmental pollution is increasing, many countries have developed environmental protection laws and regulations, for the enterprise's environmental behavior creates a binding standards. Enterprise's environmental performance has become an important index for enterprise operating performance evaluation. In order to improve the environmental behavior of enterprises, improve enterprise image among the public, many companies are taking the reverse logistics strategy, to reduce the product pollution to the environment and resources consumption.
Second, the driving factors for the development of reverse logistics
With the in-depth development of the logistics industry, the product recall regulations as well as the return, recycling and reuse of discarded products, the concept of reverse logistics is being more and more people know and attention. Foreign many well-known enterprises have the reverse logistics strategy as strengthen its competitive advantage, increase customer value, important means to improve the overall performance of the supply chain, and the reverse logistics management in enterprise development strategic planning, make it become the focal point of compression cost, increase profits.
Bring the main drivers of these changes are: return from customer behavior, from the supplier's product recall behavior, government legislation, shortened product life cycle, new distribution channels, supply chain of power conversion.
(a) returns from the customer behavior
Any enterprise, even including global top 500 multinational corporations, will face the customer's return. Purely due to economic development towards the direction of globalization, its manufacturing and distribution activities are very rare, large-scale production and distribution, transport and storage link can create products, semi-finished products, raw materials and components of defects and other defects, which brings the problems such as dislocation of delivering goods, not only for factors, are also subject to human factors. Even more sophisticated logistics and supply chain management, there will be some error. Common return reasons: quality problems; The number of errors; Wrong delivery object and so on. From the retail terminal, higher rates of this phenomenon, such as customers to buy mobile phones, DVD, VCD, DVD and so on all may appear the phenomenon of normal returns. Reverse logistics association found in a survey, in 1999 the global customer returns of up to $600 million after Christmas, after Christmas in 2000 return amount is $1 billion. Modern material Handling Magazine (Modern Materials Handling Magazine) according to the return amount is $11 billion, 2002 and nearly two years with the development of domestic economy, people's consumption behavior, from the return of the goods is still in the sharp increase in the number of reverse logistics.
(2) from the supplier's product recall
Product recall system is the result of the 1960 s the U.S. auto industry, after years of practice, the United States, Japan, Europe, Australia and other countries for defects recall has been formed a mature management system. In Europe, many eu member states to implement the specific law, requiring manufacturers after knowing its product defects to take measures to recall it. In 2000, is one of the world automobile industry \"recall\". Ford motor co., LTD., China, Japan mitsubishi motors, Sweden Volvo, Mazda, hyundai affiliate kia, Peugeot, Daimler - Chrysler and gm are subsequently announced that due to various reasons of their respective production car safety, more or less in the global recalls. In recent years, with the rise of the consumer, the consumer rights and interests increase, the phenomenon of product recall from the original cars, computers quickly spread to mobile phones, electrical appliances, daily necessities and other industries. In order to maintain the core competitiveness of the enterprise, the enterprise needs through effective reverse logistics management to reduce the loss of recall.
(3) the government legislation
In the industrialized world, the government's environmental legislation effectively promote the enterprise to their products are responsible for the entire life cycle. Customer to global warming, the greenh