直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习.doc

Unit1 语法核心突破: 直接引语变间接引语

定义：我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；
用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。
这两种引语都是宾语从句，但是直接引语放在引号内，不用连词联接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句联接
一、直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化
1. 陈述句变为以 that 引导的宾语从句
例： He said, “I'm very glad.”
→ He said he was very glad.
2. 一般疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。
例： He said, “Can you come this afternoon, John?”
→He asked John could come that afternoon.
3. 特殊疑问句变为由who, what, when，why, where等特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
例 : He said, “Where is Mr. Wang?”
→ He asked where Mr. Wang was.
Tom says to me, “what food do you like best”.
→ Tom asks me food I like best
4. 祈使句变间接引语时，要变成ask/ tell/order sb（not）to do sth。
Our parents told us“Learn English well!”我们的父母告诉我们：“把英语学好啊！”
’Our parents told us English well. 我们的父母告诉我吗要把英语学好。
The teacher said to me, “Don’t read that novel!”
’ The teacher asked/ told me that novel.
Our parents told us, “ Never do wrong!” 父母告诉我们：“不要做错事！”
Our parents told us never to do wrong. 我们的父母告诉我们不要做错事。

二、 人称的变化
【点拨】人称的变化一般遵循“一同主，二随宾，三不变”这一原则
例如： “I went to the Great Wall yesterday,” Li Hua said.
→ Li Hua said that he had gone to the Great Wall the day before.
“I’ll come to help you whenever you need my help,” he answered her.
→ He answered her that he would come to help her whenever she needed his help.
She said to me, “Your pronunciation is better than his.”
→ She told me that my pronunciation was better than his.

三、时态变化
主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化，总的原则是向过去推一个时态
时态的变化
例句
一般现在时→
一般过去时
She said, “I need a calculator.”
→ She said that she needed a calculator.
现在进行时→
过去进行时
Jim said, “I’m expecting a long distance call.”
→ Jim said that he was expecting a long distance call.
一般将来时→过去将来时
Nancy said, “I’ll call again later.”
→ Nancy said that she would call again later.
一般过去时→过去完成时
He said, “I took it home with me.”
→He said that he had taken it home with him.
现在完成时→过去完成时
Paul said, “Our team has won the match.”
→ Paul said that their team had won the match.
过去完成时→过去完成时
He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”
→ He said that he had finished his homework before supper.

四、 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化

变化形式
例句
指
示
代
词
this→that
She said, “She is coming this week.”
→She said that she was coming that week.
these→those
He said, “These books are mine.”
→He said those books were his.

时

间

状

语

now→then
He said, “It’s ten o’clock now.”
→He said that it was ten o’clock then.
today→that day
He said, “I haven’t seen her today.”
→He said that he hadn’t seen her that day.
tonight→that night
She said, “I’ll come again tonight.”
→She said that she would go again that night.
yesterday→the day before
He said, “This happened yesterday.”
→He said that this had happened the day before.
Threedays ago→three days before
She said, “I arrived two days ago.”
→She said that she had arrived two days before.
tomorrow→ the next day
the following day
She said, “I”ll be back tomorrow.”
→ She said that he would be back the next day.
next week→the next week
She said, “I’ll do it next week.”
→ She said that she would do it the next week.
地
点
状
语
here→there
She said, “I came here to see Tom.”
→ She said that he had gone there to see Tom.
动
词
come/bring→go/take
He said, “I brought it home with me.”
→He said he had taken it home with him.

【拓展延伸】
直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况
① 主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化例如：
He says, “I’m tired.”
→He says that he is tired.
He will say, “The boy was lazy
→He will tell you that the boy was lazy.
② 当直接引语是客观真理时，不受时间的限制，因此不需要变化时态。
Our geography teacher said to us, “The earth goes round the sun.”
→Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.
③ 直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变
She said, “I was born in 1995.”
→ She said that she was born in 1995.
【典型例题】
（1）Can you tell me_______?
A. what the matter is B. what matter it is
C. what’s the matter D. the matter is what
（2）The physics teacher said the earth ____around the sun.
A. is moving B. moved C. had moved D. moves
【语法专练】
1. Mother asked the youngest kid____with his car.
A. what the matter B. What was the matter
C. what the matter is D. what is the matter
2. The tourist asked the guide what he____visit the next day.
A. was going to B. will C. is going in D. is to
3. The teacher told us that light____ faster than sound.
A. traveled B. had traveled C. is traveling D.travels
4. Tom hanks told his teacher that he____born in 1968.
A. was B. had been C. is D. has been
5. Linda asked Amy_ she could tell her the general ideas of the poem.
A. that B. whether C. what D. how
6. My brother said to me, “I’m going to have a holiday next week.”
My brother ____ _________ __________ _________going to have a holiday the next week.
7. Mother said to me, “What are you doing in the room?”
Mother asked me________ ________ __________ _________ in the room.
8.He asked, “ Can I borrow your bike?”
He asked _______ ________ ________ borrow my bike
9.Tom said to me, “ Do you like football?”
Tom asked me _______ _________ _________football
10.She said to me, “ I went over my lessons last night.”
She told me _________ _________ __________over her lessons the night before.
附：Unit I 短语归纳
1. 做个好朋友 to be a good friend
2. 做下列调查 make the following survey
3. 合计总分 add up the score
4. 得分 get points
5. 心烦意乱地来到学校 come to school upset
6. 不理睬铃声 ignore the bell
7. 使你那个德国朋友平静下来 calm down your German friend
8. 关心你朋友 be concerned about your friend(s)
9. 松开了 get loose
10. 不得不去户外遛狗 have got to walk the dog outdoors
11. 帮他期末考试作弊 help him cheat in the end-of-term exam
12. 列出理由make a list of reasons / list the reasons
13. 记下一连串的请求 set down a series of requests
14. 根据问卷调查 according to the questionnaire
15. 根据编辑的忠告 according to the editor’s advice
16. 为了分担你的困难 in order to share your difficulties / troubles
17. 与老板相爱 fall in love with the boss
18. 与我的同桌相处融洽 get along / on well with my deskmate
19. 关心青少年 be concerned about teenagers
20. 为了和老板面对面地交流 in order to communicate with the boss face to face
21. 信任政府 trust / believe in the government
22. 经历了太多的战争 go through too many wars
23. 相邻的城镇 neighboring towns
24. 相邻的国家 neighboring countries
直接引语变间接引语练习题
一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：
1. “I never eat meat.” he said.
He said that ______ never ______ meat.
2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.
3. “I took it home with me.” she said.
She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.
4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”
The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.
5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.
6. “You must come here before five.” he said.
He said that I ______ to go ____ before five.
7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.
He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.
8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.
He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.
9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”
He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there.
10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”
He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.
11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.
He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days.
12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.
He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.
13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.
He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.
14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said.
She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news.
15. “I am having supper,” he said.
He said that _______ _______ having supper.
16. “I’ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.
Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film.
17. “I went home with my sister,” she said.
She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister.
18. “Keep quiet, children.” he said.
He _______ the children _______ _______ quiet.
20. “Don’t look out of the window,” she said.
She told me _______ _______ _______ out of the window.
家庭作业
1. “I am having supper,” he said.
He said that _______ _______ having supper.
2. “I’ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.
Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film.
3. “I went home with my sister,” she said.
She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister.
4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”
The teacher said that the sun _______ bigger than the moon.
5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me.
He told me that he _______ met her the day
6. “You must come here before five,” he said.
He said that I _______ to go _______ before five.
7. “I bought the computer two weeks ago,” she said.
She said that she _______ bought the computer two weeks _______.
8. “Did you read the book last week?” he said.
He _______ _______ I had read the book the week _______.
9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”
He _______ Jim that he _______ sit there
10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”
He asked her mother _______ _______ _______ found it.
11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.
He asked me _______ _______ _______ been _______ days.
12 “Do you know where she lives?” he asked me.
He asked me _______ _______ knew where she _______.
13. “Keep quiet, children.” he said.
He _______ the children _______ _______ quiet.
14. “Don’t look out of the window,” she said.
She told me _______ _______ _______ out of the window.
15. “Are you interested in this?” he said to me.
He asked _______ _______ I was interested in _______.

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