文艺复兴及宗教改革简单关系(中英).doc

浅谈文艺复兴和宗教改革的关系无论是以人文主义为核心的文艺复兴还是资产阶级反封建的宗教改革，两者都是适应资本主义发展的必然产物。在当时的意大利，人们长期生存在天主教会的封建压迫下，思想与行为都被压制了。随着资本主义的萌芽，人文主义者借助古典文化的传播，打破了神学对人们思想的桎梏，神学的无上权威开始被动摇。最后新兴资产阶级在贵族层面上，以复兴古典文化的形式宣扬资产阶级世界观，把人们从宗教束缚中解放出来，推动了人们的探索，促成了近代自然科学产生。虽然文艺复兴运动未能与教会彻底决裂，同时局限在上流社会和知识阶层，未能形成扫荡封建势力的群众性社会运动，但是正因为文艺复兴解放了人们思维的枷锁才为后来的宗教改革的出现打下了基础。在文艺复兴打下人们思想基础后，马丁路德借助了圣经中的原始教义，再次将矛头对准天主教会，借助宗教的外衣，组织资产阶级和接受资产阶级思想意识的基督教徒，封建主（国王）和农民群众，爆发了第一次大规模的反对封建主义的思想解放和政治运动，引发了农民战争，全面冲击和瓦解了中世纪的封建结构，确立教随国定原则，使宗教自由逐渐盛行。宗教改革剥夺了教皇和教会贵族的特权，没收了教会的大批土地和财产，在一定程度上动摇了封建土地所有制.。同时，动摇了作为封建支柱的罗马教会势力,加快了资产阶级意识形态的传播，加速了欧洲封建制度的瓦解，为资产阶级革命开辟了道路。英语译文：Whether to Renaissance which focuses on the humanism or the Reformation that was against to the antifeudal on asset class, they are both adapted to the inevitable outcome as the development of capitalism.At the time of Italy, the people who have a long-term survival of the Catholic church in feudal oppression,were suppressed of their thought and behavior. As the bud of capitalism, humanists broke the shackles of peoples thoughts of the theology, with the spread of classical culture,the supreme authority of theology began to be shaked. Finally emerging asset class advertised the asset class world view in the noble, with the means that how to resurrect the form of classical culture.On this way,people got an emancipation from religion, and it was good for peoples exploration.What is more,it contributed to the production of modern natural science.The Renaissance failed to make a clean break with the church, and at the same time it was limitde in high society and intellectuals, failed to form a mopping-up antifeudal forces mass social sports.However Renaissance liberated the chains of people thinking and made a contribution to the appearance of the Reformation.By the ideological basis from Renaissance, Martin Luther adivertised the biblical primitive doctrine, and went against to the Catholic church once again, he organized the bourgeoisie,the christians who had accepted bourgeois ideology, the antifeudal aristocracy (king) and the peasants.They broke out the first large-scale liberation and political movement which was against to antifeudal ism thought,.They had sparked a peasant war to give the medieval feudal structure a full-scale impact,.And then the national teaching principle had established,the religious freedom became more and more popular. The prerogative from the Pope and the church had been striped ,in simultaneous the land and property of the church had been confiscated too.To some extent, the antifeudal land ownership had been shaked. Simultaneously, the Reformation made the Roman forces that as the feudal pillar to be shaking, promoted bourgeois ideology to spread,and accelerated the antifeudal system to collapse in the Europe, opened up a road for the bourgeois revolution.