英语中宾语从句句法讲解(完整).doc

宾语从句
导入：1. The teacher told the children that the sun＿＿＿＿ round.
　　 A. was B. is C. were D. are
　　 2. I believe that our team＿＿＿＿ the basketball match.
　　 A. win B. won　 C. will win　 D. wins
　　 3. I don’t know＿＿＿＿ to visit the old man.
　　 A. whether B. if C. that D. who
　　 4.The soldiers soon reached was once an old temple the villagers used as a school.
　　 A. which; where B. what; which　 C. where; which D. what; where
　　答：选B，动词reach后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，where不可，which表疑问含义“哪一个…”而是用what从句表陈述含义，意“过去的一座旧庙宇”；temple后为对其修饰的定语从句，用关系代词which修饰used
小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词； 主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；
主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； 陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,
特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。
（一）宾语从句总述
一．宾语从句的概念：由一个句子充当宾语，我们称之为宾语从句。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。
eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)
　　 He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)
　　 Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)
二.宾语从句的语序：永远都是陈述句（即主谓宾结构）
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
　　 Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
特殊情况：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为疑问词＋do you think＋陈述句语序。
例： whom do you think he met yesterday?
What do you think the article is about?
When do you think the party should begin?
Where do you think they came from?
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.
三．宾语从句的连接词
1. 如果宾语从句是从陈述句(转化而来的)，引导词用that,且 that可省略。
e. g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.
（总体讲完后再讲）但是有些特殊情况that不可以省略：
（1）当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。
Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.
大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．
（2）当it作形式宾语时that不省略。
I heard it said that he had gone abroad
We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time
　 　She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
（3）当宾语从句前置时，that不可省略。
That our team will win，I believe．
That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
（4）主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。
We decided, in view of his wonderful knowledge , that we would buy 1000 books .
（5）that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。
（6）当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
I suggest that we should take measures to solve the problems.
2.如果宾语从句是从一般疑问句(转化而来的)，用 whether 或 if 引导,表示“是否”(注意区分whether, if, when)
e. g, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .
I don’t know if /whether there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车.
　　 Nobody knew if /whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试.
　　注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。
　　 (1).在动词know, ask, care, wonder, find out, leave, put, discuss, doubt等之后一般用whether
(2). 当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether,不用if
　　 eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.
Everything depends on whether you agree with us
(3). 与动词不定式或 not 连用时,只用whether.与not构成whether~~~or not~~结构
　　 eg, I can’t decide whether to stay.
Could you tell me whether u go or not?
　　 (4). if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.
　　 (5).避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
此外 when表示何时引导的宾语从句，表示当···时候引导状语从句
I don’t know when she will come back. But when she comes back, I will tell you.
3. 如果宾语从句是从特殊疑问句(转化而来的),引导词用特殊疑问词
(who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever,when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however)
e.g. 1.can you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you?
2.Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏？
　　 3.The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什
　　 4.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
　　 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
5.He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
　　 6.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
　　 7.None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到
还有我们之前讲过的特殊情况：
当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为疑问词＋do you think＋陈述句语序。
四．宾语从句的时态
1.主句用一般现在或将来时时，从句可用任意时态。　
　　2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。　
　　3.主句用过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。
例：He knows that tomorrow will rain（主句现在，从句无受限）
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in. （主过去，从过去正在）
　　他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<<老人与海>>.
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. （主句过去，从句客观真理）
　　老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.
Tom asked if the government would take necessary measures to solve the problems.（主句过去，从句过去）
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施来解决这些问题.
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. （主句过去，从句过去完成）
　　他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary.
（二）各类宾语从句
一、动词的宾语从句
1.大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
例：1.We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.
　　 我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.
　　2.He told us that they would help us through the whole work.
　　 他告诉我们在整个工作中,他们都会帮忙的.

2.部分“动词+副词”结构（即动词词组）也可以带宾语从句
例：1.I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
　　 我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
　　2.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?
　　 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?
3.动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有: make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
例：1.Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
　　 在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
2. Tom made up his mind that he would get A grade in the exam.
汤姆下定决心在这次考试中获A级成绩。
3.We should keep in mind that “Rome is not build in one day”
我们应该牢记“冰冻三尺非一日之寒”。

4.可用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,等后面有复合宾语（宾语补足语）的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语，将that宾语从句后置（结构常是：主语+动词+it+形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句 ）
（插入知识点：宾语补足语：某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。I find learning English difficult.（difficult是形容词做宾补）I saw the kite up and down.（up and down是副词做宾补）
例：I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
　　I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
　　I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.
　　We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.
　　我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it , 这类动词主要有:hate, take, owe, have, see to.
　例：I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
　　 He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
　　 We take it that you will agree with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的.
　　 When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.
　　 开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
　例：We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 　　 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
　　 We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
二、介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
1.We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
　 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
2.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
　 这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.
3.Alice is good at cooking delicious food
4.Why are you interested in how he did it ?
（用that,if引导的介词宾语从句，有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
　　I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
　　对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知. ）
三、形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorryafraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
四、宾语从句的否定转移及其反义疑问句
完成反意问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。（注: 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称）
1.在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect / consider等后宾语从句否定式，应转移到主句上去，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
（1）.I don’t think he will come to my party. will he? 而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
　　 我认为他不会来我的舞会.
（2）.I don't think she is right ,is she ?
　（3）.I don't believe they have finished their work yet, have they ?
（4）.I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 　　我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
2.如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
　　We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?
　　我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?
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