苏教牛津译林9AU2宾语从句语法.doc

一、宾语从句概念：
宾语从句：句子在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。
I like my teacher.（名词作宾语)
I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语）
I decide to study hard.（不定式作宾语）
I know Mr. Li .（代词作宾语）
I’m surprised at meeting you here.(动名词作宾语)
I’m glad to meet you here.(不定式作宾语)

I’m surprised at what you have done(句子作宾语)
I’m glad that I can meet you here.(句子作宾语)
I like what I do. (句子作宾语）
I know Mr. Li teaches English. (句子作宾语）
She asked if the answer was right. (句子作宾语）

二、 宾语从句三要素(1) 连接词 (2) 语序 (3)时态
（一）宾语从句的连接词
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
(1)that引导
(2)if/whether引导
(3)连接代词 who whom whose what which
连接副词 when why where how
一)that引导的宾语从句
宾语从句是指一个句子充当宾语，在主句与从句之间有一个引导词。
1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He says.
He says_______ these flowers are from Guangdong.
2. Light travels faster than sound. He tells.
He tells me _____ light travels faster than sound.
3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack doesn’t know.
Jack doesn’t know _____ there will be a meeting in five days.

A．引导词本身的省略与不省略
1．that可以省略
连词that引导宾语从句，只起连接主、从句的作用，它本身无意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：
He says( that) he is a Young Pioneer. 他说他是个少先队员。
2．that不可以省略
(1)从句的主语是that时，that不省略。如：
We know that that is an interesting story.
我们知道那是一个有趣的故事。
(2) that引导的宾语从句中若再有复合句时，that不能省略。如：
I think that if you have lost the library book, you must pay for it．
我认为如果你已把图书馆的书丢失了，你就必须赔偿。
(3)主、从句之间有插入语时，that不能省略。如：
It says here, in the newspaper, that English is getting more and more important.
报纸上写着，英语正变得越来越重要。
B．何时使用that引导的宾语从句
that引导的宾语从句，表示陈述一件事，即由陈述句转化而来。如：
He says( that) he is listening to the weather report. 他说他正在听天气预报。
1． 主句的谓语动词是think，hear，hope，wish，remember，forget，know，say，guess等时，常接that引导的宾语从句。如：
I hope( that) he will be fine soon.我希望他很快好起来。
2. 主句由“连系动词+形容词”构成的“系表”结构，常接that引导的宾语从句。这类形容词多表示感情，如happy，glad，pleased，sad，sure，afraid等等。如：
I'm afraid( that) he can't come．恐怕他不能来了。
二)if和whether引导的宾语从句
1．何时使用if或whether引导的宾语从句
if或whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，常放在动、词ask，see，say，don’t know，wonder, doubt和find out等后面。一般情况下，两者常可换用，在口语中多用if。如：
Nobody knows whether( if) it will rain tomorrow. 没有人知道明天是否下雨。
1．Can they speak French? I want to know.
I want to know ______ they can speak French.
2．Are the children playing games? I wonder.
I wonder ______ the children are playing games.
3.Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.
I don't know _______ the watch was made in Shanghai.
4. I wonder. Is there anything wrong?
I wonder ______there is______wrong.
2．if和whether的区别：
(1)在动词不定式之前只能用whether。如：
I can't decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
(2)在whether… or not的固定搭配中。如：
1 want to know whether it's good news or not. 我想知道是否是好消息。
(3)在介词后，只能用whether。如：
His father is worried about whether he loses his work.
他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
(4)宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether。如：
Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.
他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。
(5)用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。如：
Could you tell me if you know the answer?
这句话有两种意思：你能告诉我是否知道答案吗？”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉
我，好吗？”。如用whether可避免歧义。

1.They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether)
2. We are talking about ______ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)
( )3. I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
( )4. I want to know _______ it’s good news or not.
A.that B.whether C. if D.which
( )5.I am not interested in_____he is crazy about football.
A.if B. that C. whether D. which

三）由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。
例：
1) He asked who could answer the question/which was the best way to the museum?
2) Do you know whom they are waiting for?
3) He asked whose bike was the best in the class
4) Do you know when we’ll have a meeting？
5) Please tell me where he is?
6) Can you tell me how I can get to the station?
7) Could you tell me why the train is late.

1．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?
Who knows ______ _____ _____ you can see in the picture?
2．Where did she park her car? Do you know?
Do you know _____ she parked her car?
3．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.
The girl wondered _____ he often talked about.
4．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.
I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.
5. Jim told me ____ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）
6. Do you know ______ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）
7. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）

二、 语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：
　　1）连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如：
　　Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？
　　The small children don't know what is in their stockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？
　　2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：
　　He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
　　The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。
　　3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if ／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：
　　He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
　　Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？
　　4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：
　　Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
1．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?
Who knows ______ _____ _____ ______ ______ ______in the picture?
2．Where does she park her car? Do you know?
Do you know _____ ______ ______ her car?
3．What does he often talk about? The girl wonders.
The girl wonders _____ ______ ______ ______ ______.
4．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.
I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.
5. Jim told me .Why Jim didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon?
6. Who else is going to be on duty today？Do you know.
思考：
7. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）
8. I don’t know _________ it is from school to my home.(how long; how far)

三、时态
①that引导的宾语从句，主句用一般现在时，从句可以用符合句意要求的任一时态。如：He says( that) they have returned already. 他说他们已经回来了。
He says they will go abroad this weekend.
②如果主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去时态的某种形式（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），即主过从过。如：
He said( that) he bought a new dictionary. 他说他买了本新词典。
He said that he would bought a new dictionary.
③如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言、警句、格言、谚语等等，尽管主句用一般过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。如：
He said that time is life．他说时间就是生命。
He said the sun rises from the east.
She told us light travels fast than sound.

1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He says.
He says______ these flowers ______ ______ Guangdong.
拓展：
He said______these flowers_ ______Guangdong.
2. Light travels faster than sound. He tells.
He tells me__________________________________.
拓展：
He told me_____________________________________.
3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack doesn’t know.
Jack doesn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.
拓展：
Jack didn’t know______there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.
4.These flowers were from Guangdong. He said.
He said ______________________________________.
拓展：
He says_______________________________________.

宾语从句专项练习
1.连接词角度
( ) 1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when D. that
( ) 2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
( ) 3 I hardly understand ___ he has told me.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
( ) 4 She didn't know___ back soon.
A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be D.whether would he be
( ) 5 I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B where C. what D. when
( ) 6 Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how
( ) 7 He asked me _____told me the accident.
A whom B which C who D whose
( ) 8.They don't know ______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which

2.陈述句语序角度
( ) 1.Please tell me ______ last year.
A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C where your sister works D where your sister worked
( ) 2.She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
( ) 3. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said
( ) 4. Did you know ____?
A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for
C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after
( )5. Could you tell me _
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing
3. 时态一致性
( ) 1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
( ) 2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone
C. has never been D. had never been
( ) 3 The students want to know whether they___ dictation today.
A. had B. has . C. will have D. are
( ) 4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
( ) 5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled

当堂检测

一、单项选择
(   ) 1.-- I think this is the best movie of the year.
--I am not sure ___ you are right. Anyway, the ending is OK.
A. that       B. weather       C. if       D. of
(    )2.The teacher asked Lucy ________________.
       A. where she comes from       B. what did she like best
C. if she could speak Chinese    D. when was she born
(    )3.I don’t know ____ or not he will come. ____ he comes, I’ll tell you.
A.if, Whether  B. whether, Whether    C. if, If  D. whether, If
(    )4.--What did your teacher say this morning?
--She told me ____________.
A.why was Tom late for school  B.whether we had too much homework
C.how she did come to school   D. that we would have a test soon
(    )5. Could you tell me ____________ a concert next week?
A.if there was going to be      B. whether is there going to be
C. if there is going to be       D. whether there is going to have
(    )6.Which of the following sentences is right?
A.I’m not sure that he will give back the money.
B.If you like it or not, I’m taking you to the doctor.
C.He asked me if or not I wanted to play
D.I’m not sure if I’m pronouncing his name correctly.
(    )7.Which of the following sentences is Right?
A.I’m not sure that he will come back in 2 days.
B.Can you tell me which is the way to the hospital.
C.He asked me what I will do the next day
D.I am not interested in if he is crazy about football.

二、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句
1. What's his name? I asked him.
I asked him ______ _____ _____ _____.
2. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.
Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.
3. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.
He asked the boys _______ ______ ______ fried chicken.
4. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.
I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.
5．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knew?
Who knew ______ _____ _____ ______ ______ ______in the picture?
6．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.
7．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ __ ___ homework yet.
8. Who else is going to be on duty today？Do you know.
Do you know__________________________________________.
9．Which bag do you like better? I don’t know.
I don’ t know _____________________________.
10.What is on the table? I wondered.
I wondered_____________________

三、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. We are sure that he ________ (go) to school tomorrow.
2. Do you know who ______ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?
3. Could you tell me where the post office ______ (is)?
4. Our father said that he _______ (will) buy a new computer.
5. I hear that he _______ (swim) in the sea yesterday.
6. The little boy tells us where his father _______ (work).
7. He said that he _________ (finish) his work already.
8. They thought they could _______ (hike) to the top of the mountain.
9. He was glad that so many people _____ (help) him.
10. She doesn’t know whether ________ (go) or wait.

宾语从句专题练习
( )1. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday?
A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do
C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did
( )2. I want to know_________.
A. what is his name B. what’s his name
C. that his name is D. what his name is
( )3. Do you know ________ I could pass the exam?
A. that B. whether C. what D. which
( )4. Jim doesn’t understand ____________.
A. which is the way to the museum
B. why his wife always goes shopping
C. what is the way to the museum
D. why does she always go shopping
( )5. ---Could you tell me ______ she is looking for?
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
( )6. Mr. King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening.
A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home
C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home
( )7. Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning?
A. how does he mend B. how he mends
C. how he mended D. how did he mend
( )8. ---I’m waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive?
---Usually it comes by 4: 00.
A. how B. where C. when D. what
( )9. ---Excuse me, would you please tell me ________?
---Certainly. Go straight along here. It’s next to a hospital.
A. how we can get to the post office B. how can we get to the post office
C. how get to the post office D. how could we get to the post office
( )10. ---Can I help you?
---Yes. I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me ______ take to get there?
A. how soon will it B. how soon it will
C. how long it will D. how long will it
( )11. He wanted to know ___________.
A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start
C. what he’s going to do at the meeting D. where would the meeting