1、 英语常见的前缀和后缀 一、常用前缀 1、aero-:concerning the air or aircraft plane( 飞机)—aeroplane(飞机) space(空间, 间隔)—aerospace(航空宇宙) aerogram aerometer aeromedicine 2、anti-: against;opposite of nuclear([核]核子的)—antinuclear(反对使用核武器的) matter( 物质)—antimatter(反物质) war(战争、作战、 打仗)—antiwar(反战的, 反对战争的) antiageing
2、antifat antigas antinoise 3、auto-: of or by oneself biography(传记)—autobiography(自传) criticism(批评, 批判)—autocriticism(自我反省, 自我检讨) autoalarm autosuggestion 4、be-:to treat as the stated thing friend(朋友, 助手)—befriend(待人如友, 帮助) little(很少的, 矮小的,很少)—belittle(轻视, 使渺小, 使...显得渺小) becalm bepowder
3、beside bemoan 5、bi-: two;twice;double lingual(语言的)—bilingual(能说两种语言的) cycle( 自行车)—bicycle(脚踏车, 自行车) biweekly bipolar bilateral bisexual 6、bio-:concerning living things chemistry(化学)—biochemistry(生物化学) sphere(球体,范围)—biosphere(生物圈) 7、by-,bye-:less important product(产品, 产物,)—by-product(副产品
4、 附加产物) way(路,道路)—byway(小道,次要领域) by-effect by-business bytime 8、centi-: hundredth part of a unit grade(等级)—centigrade(百分度的, 摄氏温度的) meter(米)—centimeter(厘米) 9、co-: together, with author(作家, 创造者)—coauthor(合著者, 共同执笔者,合著) exist(存在, 生存)—coexist(共存) coagent co-worker cooperation 10、col-:(used
5、 before L) together, with location(位置, 场所)—collocation(排列, 配置) collaborate 合作 collingual 用同一种语言的 11、com-:(used before b, m, p)together, with passion(激情, 热情)—compassion(同情,怜悯) battle (战役)-combat (战斗) combine compress compatriot 12、con-:together, with centric(中心的, 中央的)—concentric(同中心的)
6、 federation(同盟, 联邦, 联合, 联盟)—confederation(联邦) conclude confirm conjoin contribute 13、contra-:opposite diction(措辞, 用语, 言语)—contradiction(反驳, 矛盾) natural(自然的, 自然界的)—contranatural(违背自然的) contra-missile contraclockwise 14、cor-:(used before r) together, with relate(叙述, 讲, 使联系, 发生关系)—correlate(
7、使相互关联,和...相关) respond(回答, 响应, 作出反应,有反应)—correspond(符合, 协调, 通信, 相当, 相应) correct corrupt corrival 15、counter-:opposite act(担当,表现, 见效)—counteract(抵消, 中和, 阻碍) attack(攻击)—counterattack(反引力) counter—terrorist countereffect 16、cross-:across;going between the stated things and joining them count
8、ry(乡下的, 乡村的)—crosscountry(越野地, 横过田野的) breed((使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养,品种, 种类)—crossbreed([生物]杂种,异种交配, 培育杂种, (使)杂交) 17、de-:showing an opposite; to remove; to reduce code(代码, 密码)—decode(解码, 译解) value(评价, 重视)—devalue((=devaluate)减值, 贬值) decline increase decrease 18、dis-:not; the opposite of advantage(优势,
9、有利条件)—disadvantage(不利, 不利条件, 缺点, 劣势) agree(同意) —disagree(不一致, 不适宜) honest(诚实的, 正直的)—dishonest(不诚实的) disorder discourage dispart distract 19、em-:(used before b, m, p) to cause to become body(赋以形体)—embody(具体表达, 使具体化) power(权力,激励)—empower(授权与, 使能够) embed embar embow embitter 20、en-:to cau
10、se to become; to make danger( 威胁)—endanger(危及) large(大的, 巨大的)—enlarge(扩大, 放大) enrich enclose enable enact 21、ex-:former(and still living) minister(部长, 大臣)—ex-minister (前部长) wife(妻子)—ex-wife(前妻) export expose expel exaggerate 22、extra-:outside;beyond curricular(课程的)—extracurricular(课外的
11、 业余的) ordinary(平常的, 普通的, 平凡的)—extraordinary(非常的, 特别的, 非凡的) extrabold extragovernmental 23、fore-:in advance, before; in or at the front arm(臂,武器, 装备)—forearm(前臂,准备战斗, 预先武装, 准备) warn(警告)—forewarn(预先警告) forehead foreword 24、il-:(used before l) not legal(法律的, 合法)—illegal(违法的, 不合规定的) literat
12、e(学者,有文化的,有阅读和写作能力的)—illiterate(违法的, 不合规定的) illogical illustrate illuminate 25、im-:(used before b,m,p)not moral(道德(上)的, 精神的,道德)—immoral(不道德的, 邪恶的, 放荡的, 淫荡的) possible(可能的)—impossible(不可能的) impolite import immerge impulse 26、in-:not direct(径直的, 直接的)—indirect(间接的, 迂回的) sensitive(敏感的, 灵敏的)—
13、insensitive(对...没有感觉的, 感觉迟钝的) informal intake inspirit invigorate 27、infra-:below in a range; beyond red(红(色)的)—infrared(红外线的,红外线) structure(结构,构造)—infrastructure(下部构造, 基础下部组织) infrahuman infrasonic 28、inter-:between;among change(改变, 变化)—interchange((指两人等)交换,相互交换) national(国家的, 民族的)—intern
14、ational(国际的, 世界的,国际性组织, 国际比赛) interact inpersonal interview 29、intra-:inside, within;into city(城市, 都市)—intracity(市内的) department(部, 局, 处, 科, 部门, 系, 学部)—intra-department(内部) intraday intrapersonal intra-trading 30、ir-:(used before r)not regular(规则的, 有秩序的)—irregular(不规则的, 无规律的) responsible
15、有责任的, 可靠的)—irresponsible(不负责任的, 不可靠的) irresistible irrelative irruption 31、kilo-:thousand gram(克,)—kilogram([物]千克, 公斤) meter(米)—kilometer(公里) kilowatt kilocalorie kilovolt 32、macro-:large, esp.concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of economics(经济学)—macroeconomics(宏观经济学)
16、 structure(结构)—macrostructure(宏观结构) macrochange maroscale 33、mal-:bad or badly function(官能, 功能, 作用)—malfunction(故障) treat(宴请, 款待)—maltreat(虐待, 滥用) malnutrition malformation 34、micro-:extremely small computer(计算机, 电脑)—microcomputer(微机) electronics(电子学)—microelectronics([电子]微电子学) microsco
17、pe mircowave 35、mid-:middle day(天, 白天)—midday(正午) night(夜, 夜晚)—midnight(午夜) 36、mini-:small;short bus(公共汽车)—minibus( 小型公共汽车) skirt(裙子)—miniskirt(迷你短裙, 超短裙) minipark ministate 37、mis-:bad or badly;wrong or wrongly fortune( 运气, 好运)—misfortune(不幸, 灾祸) understand(懂, 了解)—misunderstand(误解, 误会)
18、 misread misuse mistreat 38、mono-:one;single plane( 飞机)—monoplane(单翼机) tone(音调, 语调)—monotone(单调的,单调) monolingual monocycle 39、multi-:more than one;many purpose(目的, 意图)—multipurpose(多种用途的, 多目标的) national(国家的, 国立[有]的, 民族的)—multinational(多民族的,) media (媒体)—multimedia (多媒体; 多媒体的) multiparty
19、 multilateral 40、non-:not resident 居住—nonresident(不居住的) sense 理性,认识—nonsense(胡说, 废话) nonstop noneffective nonsomker 41、out-: outside; beyond live(活的, 生动的)—outlive(比...长命, 比...耐久) door(门, 通道, 家, 户)—outdoor(室外的, 户外的, 野外的) outcome outlet outfit 42、over-:too much; above; additional head(
20、头,头的, 主要的)—overhead(在头上的,在头顶上, 在空中, 在高处) time(时间, 时侯, 时机, )—overtime(超时, 加班, 延长时间,超时的, 加班的,加班地,使超时) overuse overfly oversea overlook 43、poly-:many centric(中心的, 中央的)—polycentric(多中心的) syllabic([语] 音节主音,音节的)—polysyllabic(多音节的) polyfunctional polytechnical 44、post-: later than;after gradua
21、te((大学)毕业生, 研究生,(使)(大学)毕业)—postgraduate(研究所学生, 研究生,毕业后的) war(战争,作战, 打仗)—postwar(战后的) postpone postdate post-liberation 45、pre-:before;in advance pay(薪水, 工资,支付)—prepay(预付) war(战争,作战, 打仗)—prewar(战前的,在战前) prefix precool precook prepay 46、pro-: in favor of, supporting America(<美>美国, 美洲(包括北美
22、和南美洲) )—pro-America (亲美) Abortion(流产, 堕胎, 失败, 夭折, 中止, 早产)—pro-abortion(支持堕胎的) 47、pseudo-: not real; false name( 姓名)—pseudonym(假名, 笔名) science(科学, 自然科学)—pseudoscience(假科学, 伪科学) psudo-democratic psudograph 48、re-: again; back to the former state unite(联合, 团结)—reunite((使)再结合) use(使用)—reuse(再使
23、用,重新使用) return reback review reborn revival survival 49、self- :by means of oneself or itself;of, to, with, for, or in oneself or itself employed(雇用, 用, 使用)—self-employed(自己经营的, 个体经营的, 自雇的) taught(teach的过去式和过去分词)—self-taught(自学的, 自修的, 无师自通) selfesteem selfconfidence 50、semi-:half; partly
24、 circle(圆周, 圆形物)—semicircle(半圆形) final( 决赛)—semifinal(半决赛) conductor(<电>导体, 售票员, <乐队>指挥, 导管)—semiconductor(<物>半导体) 51、step-:not by birth but through a parent who has remarried mother(母亲, 妈妈)—stepmother(继母) children(孩子, 孩子们)—stepchildren(继子) 52、sub-:under,below; less imortant; part of the stat
25、ed bigger whole divide(分, 划分, 分开, 隔开)—subdivide(再分, 细分) section(部分)—subsection(分部, 分段) subway submarine subadult 53、super-:more, larger, greater than usual market(市场)—supermarket(超级市场) natural(自然的, 自然界的, 普通的, 正常的)—supernatural(超自然的, 神奇的,超自然物, 不可思议的事) supersized supervise superheat 54、t
26、ele-:at or over a long distance; by or for television communication(通讯, 通信, 交流, 传达)—telecommunication (电信) screen(屏, 银幕)—telescreen(电视屏幕,荧光屏) telegram telescope television 55、therm(o)-:concerning heat chemistry(化学)—thermochemistry(热化学) meter(计, 表)—thermometer(温度计, 体温计) 56、trans-:across, on
27、or to the other side of; between Atlantic(大西洋)—transatlantic(大西洋彼岸的) plant(种植, 栽培, 培养)—transplant(移植, 移种) transmit transport transformer 57、tri-:three; three times angular(有角的)—triangular(三角形的) cycle( 自行车)—tricycle(三轮车, 机器三轮车) triplets triple double 58、ultra-:beyond; very, extremely m
28、odern(近代的, 现代的)—ultramodern(超现代化的) sound(声音, 语音)—ultrasound(超频率音响) ultracold ultrafast ultrafine 59、un-:not certain(确定的, 必然的, 可靠的)—uncertain(无常的, 不确定的, 不可预测的, 靠不住的) fortunate(幸运的, 幸福的)—unfortunate(不幸的, 使人遗憾的) unconditional unjust uncivilized 60、under-: too little; below develop(发展,显影
29、—underdevelop((使)发展不完全, (使)显影不足) sea(海洋, 大浪)—undersea(海面下的) underline underworld underestimate 61、uni-: one; single form(形态, 构成)—uniform(统一的, 相同的) directional(方向的)—unidirectional(单向的, 单向性的) 62、vice-:next in the rank; below chairman(主席, 会长)—vice-chairman(副主席, 副议长) president(总统, 会长, 行
30、长)—vice-president(副总督, 副省长) vice-manager vice-principal 二、常用后缀 (1)名词后缀 1、-ability, -ibility able(能...的, 有才能的, 能干的, 能够的)—ability(能力, 才干) flexible(有弹性的,柔韧的)—flexibility(弹性, 适应性, 机动性, 挠性) inflammability adaptability 2、-age post(邮政/邮寄)—postage(邮费/邮资) short(缺乏/短缺的/简短地 )—shortage(不足/缺点 )
31、3、-al arrive(到达, 抵达)—arrival(到来, 到达, 到达者) refuse(拒绝, 谢绝)—refusal(拒绝, 推却) personal global approval revival 4、-an, -ian, -arian library(图书馆, 藏书室)—librarian(图书馆员, 图书管理员) music(音乐, 乐曲)—musician(音乐家) urban publican republican 5、-ance,-ence appear(出现, 公开露面)—appearance(出现, 露面, 外貌, 外观) r
32、efer(提交, 谈及,提到, 涉及, 查阅, 咨询)—reference(提及, 涉及, 参考, 参考书目, 证明书(人), 介绍信(人)) guidance resistance reliance 6、-ancy,-ency emerge(显现, 浮现, (事实)显现出来)—emergency(紧急情况, 突然事件, 非常时刻, 紧急事件) expect(期待, 预期)—expectancy(期待, 期望) occupancy elegancy constancy 7、-ant,-ent apply(申请)—applicant(申请者, 请求者) corre
33、spond( 通信)—correspondent(通讯记者, 通信者) ignorant assistant accsant excitant 8、-cy accurate(正确的, 精确的)—accuracy(精确性, 正确度) private(私人的, 私有的, 私营的, 秘密的)—privacy(独处而不受干扰, 秘密) vacancy bankruptcy 9、-dom king(国王, 君主, (部落的)首领, 纸牌中的K,立...为王,做国王, 统治)—kingdom(王国, [宗]天国, 上帝的统治, 领域) free(自由的, 免费的, 免税的,
34、 免费)—freedom(自由, 自主, 直率, 特权) wisdom sportsdom filmdom 10、-ee employ(雇用, 用)—employee(职工, 雇员, 店员) interview(接见, 会见)—interviewee(被接见者, 被访问者) trainee deportee awardee 11、-er,-or,-ar paint(油漆, 颜料)—painter(画家, 油漆匠) beg(请求, 乞求)—beggar(乞丐) banker heater whisper harder 12、-ery
35、 brave(勇敢的)—bravery(勇敢) slave(奴隶)—slavery(奴隶身分, 奴隶制度) bakery robbery bribery fishery 13、-ese China(中国)—Chinese(中国的,) Japan(日本)—Japanese(日本的) 14、-ess actor(男演员)—actress(女演员) waiter(侍者, 服务员)—waitress(女服务生) hostess heiress murderess 15、-ful hand(帮助; 掌管; 传递; 支持)—handful(少量的; 棘手的
36、 spoon(匙状物, 用汤匙舀取)—spoonful(一匙, 一匙的量) 16、-hood child(孩子, 儿女)—childhood(孩童时期) man(男人)—manbood(成年男子) adulthood cubhood 17、-ics electron(电子)—electronics(电子器件) linguist(语言学家)—linguistics(语言学) electronics politics economics 18、-ion, -ition, -ation collect(收集, 募集)—collection(收集, 收藏品, 募捐)
37、observe(观察, 研究, 遵守, 注意)—observation(观察, 观察力) 19、-ism Marx(马克思)—Marxism(马克思主义) socialist(社会主义者)—socialism(社会主义) criticism journalism idealism 20、-ist psychiatry(精神病学)—psychiatrist(精神病医师) violin(小提琴)—violinist(小提琴演奏者) socialist chemist dentist 21、-ity, -ty cruel(残酷的, 悲惨的)—cruelty(残忍, 残酷)
38、 pure(纯的, 纯粹的)—purity(纯净, 纯洁, 纯度) speciality humanity popularity 22、-ment move(移动, 迁居)—movement(运动, 动作) retire(退休, 引退, 退却)—retirement(退休, 引退) amusement basement department 23、-ness dark(黑暗, 夜)—darkness(黑暗, 漆黑) happy(快乐的, 幸福的)—happiness(幸福, 快乐) weakness bitterness willingness 24、-olo
39、gy climate(气候, 风土)—climatology(气候学, 风土学) future(未来, 将来)—futurology(未来学) 25、-ship friend(朋友, 助手)—friendship(友谊, 友好) scholar(学者)—scholarship(奖学金, 学问, 学识) relationship huntsmanship 26、-sion, -ssion decide(决定, 判决)—decision(决定, 决心) expand(使膨胀, 扩张)—expansion(扩充, 开展) collision suspension con
40、version 27、-th grow(生长, 成长)—growth(生长, 种植) wide(宽的, 广阔的)—width(宽度) warmth depth strength 28、-ure close(关, 关闭)—closure(关闭,使终止) expose(使暴露, 受到, 使曝光,揭露)—exposure(暴露, 揭露, 暴光, 揭发) pressure creature departure (2)动词后缀 29、-en deep(深的, 纵深的)—deepen(加深, 深化) fast(紧的, 牢的)—fasten(扎牢, 扣住) stre
41、ngthen sharpen soften 30、-ify class(班级, 阶级)—classify(分类, 分等) simple(简单的, 简易的)—simplify(单一化, 简单化) satisfy intensify purify 31、-ize, -ise modern(现代人)—modernise/modernize(<主英>=modernize) popular(通俗的, 流行的, 受欢迎的)—popularise/popularize(<主英> =popularize) normalize industrialize organize
42、32、-ate mot(动)—motivate(给动机,刺激) cult(教育)—cultivate(使受教育) (3)形容词后缀 33、-able, -ible question( 疑问)—questionable(可疑的) fashionable changeable 34、-al nature(自然)—natural(自然的) structure(结构, 构造)—structural(结构的, 建筑的) emotional regional exceptional 35、-an, -arian, -ian suburb(市郊, 郊区)—suburban(郊
43、外的, 偏远的) Canada(加拿大)—Canadian(加拿大的,加拿大人) republican European 36、-ant, -ent differ(不一致, 不同)—different(不同的) please(满足的, 使满足)—pleasant(令人愉快的, 舒适的) resistant ignorant abundant 37、-ary, -ory advise(劝告, 忠告, 警告)—advisory(顾问的, 咨询的, 劝告的) custom(习惯, 风俗)—customary(习惯的, 惯例的) secondary element
44、ary 38、-ate consider(考虑, 照顾)—considerate(考虑周到的) fortune(运气, 好运)—fortunate(幸运的, 幸福的) private determinate 39、-en gold(黄金, 金币)—golden(金色的, 金黄色的) wood( 木材)—wooden(木制的) woolen oaken 40、-ese China(中国)—Chinese(中国的, 中国人的) Japan(日本)—Japanese(日本的, 日本人的) vietnamese portugese 41、-free care
45、 烦恼, 忧虑)—carefree(无忧无虑的, 轻松愉快的) duty(义务, 责任, 职责, 职务, 税)—duty-free(自由的, 大方的, 免费的, 免税的, 免费) sugar-free fat-free 42、-ful care(注意, 照料)—careful(小心的, 仔细的) pain(痛苦, 疼)—painful(疼痛的, 使痛苦的) meaningful skillful 43、-ic, -ical atom(原子)—atomic(原子的, 原子能的) psychology(心理学, 心理状态)—psychological(心理上的)
46、historic typical 44、-ish girl(女孩, 少女)—girlish(少女的, 少女似的(男孩)) child(孩子)—childish(孩子气的, 幼稚的) bookish coldish Spanish 45、-ive create(创造)—creative(创造性的) support(支援,支柱)—supportive(支持的,支援的) impressive protective attractive 46、-less hope(希望, 信心)—hopeless(没有希望的, 绝望的) pain(痛苦, 疼, 痛, 劳
47、苦, 努力,使痛苦)—painless(无痛的, 不痛的) worthless countless restless 47、-like child(孩子)—childlike(孩子似的, 天真烂漫的) lady(女士, 夫人, 小姐)—ladylike(风度雍容如贵妇的, 温雅的) godlike fatherlike dreamlike 48、-ly man(男人)—manly(男子气概的) month(月)—monthly(每月的,每月一次,月刊) yearly homely costly 49、-ous, -ious danger
48、危险)—dangerous(危险的) poison(毒药, 败坏道德之事, 毒害, 败坏, 使中毒,放毒, 下毒)—poisonous(有毒的) glorious vigorous continuous 50、-some tire( 劳累, 厌倦)—tiresome(无聊的, 烦人的) trouble(烦恼, 麻烦)—troublesome(麻烦的, 讨厌的) awesome fearsome 51、-ward down(向下的)—downward(向下的) up(向上)—upward(向上的) backward sunward ourwar
49、d 52、-y guilt(罪行, 内疚)—guilty(犯罪的, 有罪的) noise(喧闹声, 噪声)—noisy(吵杂的, 聒噪的) bloody hairy woolly (4)副词后缀 53、-ly easy(容易的)—easily(容易地, 不费力地) heavy(重的, 繁重的)—heavily(很重地, 沉重地) timely truly fearfully recently 54、-ward, -wards east(东方, 东)—eastward(s)(向东,向东的, 朝东的) north(北, 北方)—northward(s)(向北,向北的) backwards outwards 55、-wise clock(时钟)—clockwise(顺时针方向的,顺时针方向地) other(其他的, 另外的)—otherwise(另外, 不同地) coastwise likewise






