非谓语动词作定语和状语市公开课一等奖百校联赛优质课金奖名师赛课获奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,非谓语动词作定语和状语,韦正洪,模块7 UNIT 4 语法,1/54,非谓语动词,(,Nonfinitive,Verbs),高考语法,作,定语和状语,2/54,谓语：说明主语所做动作或含有特征和状态。它有些人称、数、时态和语态改变。,e.g.He,works.,He,takes care of,the baby.,He,will go,to Shanghai.,He,didnt go,to Shanghai.,He,has gone,to Shanghai.,You,are,students.,You,look smart,.,单谓语或动词短语,情态动词/助动词+v.,系动词+表语,3/54,非谓语：主要包含不定式（,to do），ving,形式以及过去分词,（done）,。无人称，数改变，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，能够有宾语或状语。,e.g.He works.,He wants,to work,here.,He,is,working,now.,He,has,done,his work.,You,are,students,so you,dont work,in the factory.,Being,students,you dont work in the factory.,4/54,非谓语动词和谓语动词识别,顾名思义，非谓语动词就是在英语中不,能作句子谓语而含有其它语法功效动词。近,年来高考命题经常经过改变熟悉句型结构或,利用一些“貌合神离”伎俩，加大考生区分,非谓语动词难度。,一句话通常不能有两个或两个以上谓,语动词，除非动词是并列谓语或者分别出现,在主从复合或并列句中；一句话也不可能无谓,语动词（谓语省略情况除外）。,5/54,例1).,At last,we found ourselves in a pleasant,park with trees providing shade and _,down to eat our picnic lunch.(上海）,A.sitting B.having sat,C.to sit D.sat,解析：,此题大家易受习惯心理影响选择分词，即,或项，而and实际上作为并列连词并列,是,found,及,sat,两个动作，而非并列,providing,与,sitting,.,D,6/54,例2),Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.,A.are bought B.bought,C.have been bought D.buying,解析,：,此题学生最易错选答案为,或。依据上面陈说，填入或句子都有两个谓语动词，而此处两个动词并非并列谓语，也不是分别出现在主从句中，故答案有误。该题正确答案为，,bought through a computer,为一过去分词短语作后置定语，句中只有一个谓语,can be lower than,。当然此题如改为,Prices of daily goods which have been bought through,也是正确，因为这一动作出现在从句中。,B,7/54,小试牛刀,1).If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week,better_ it youve got some big bills coming,A.forget B.forgot,C.forgetting D.to forget,2).Daddy didnt mind what we were doing,as long as we were together,_ fun.,A.had B.have C.to have D.having,A,D,8/54,3)We often provide our children with toys,footballs or basketballs,_ that all children like these things.,A.thinking B.think,C.to think D.thought,4).Five people won the“Chinas Green,Figure”award,a title _ to ordinary,people for their contributions to,environmental protection.,A.being given B.is given,C.given D.was given,A,C,9/54,非谓语,不定式（,to do),分词,动名词,(-ing),过去分词,(-ed),现在分词,(-ing),-ing,分词,-ed,分词,10/54,非谓语动词使用条件,一个句子,当中，,已经存在一个,主句,（谓语动词）,又没有连词,情况下,还有别动词出现时。,She got off the bus,leaving,her handbag on her seat.,She got off the bus,but,left,her handbag on her seat.,11/54,非谓语动词句法功效,12/54,名称,语 法 功 能,主语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语,不定,式,动名,词,现在,分词,过去,分词,13/54,不定式和,分词,都可充当:定语,状语,.,14/54,一.非谓语动词作定语,不定式、动名词和分词,都能够作定语，主要区分在于它们时态意义和语态意义。,不定式作定语和被修饰名词含有“动宾关,系”,即被修饰名词是不定式动作承受,者;假如不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式,动词后加上对应介词。,Their decision,to give up,the experiment,surprised us.,He was the last one,to leave,school yesterday.,The Browns have a comfortable house,to live,in.,15/54,看成定语不定式所修饰名词或代词是不,定式动作承受者时，不定式既能够用主动语,态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不一样。,1).Im going to Beijing next week.Do you have anything _(take)to your son?,2).Are you going to Beijing?Do you have anything _(take)to your son?,to be taken,to take,16/54,2,.,现在分词作定语和被修饰名词含有“主谓关系”，即现在分词用主动式时，被修饰名词正在执行其动作；现在分词用被动式时，被修,饰名词正在承受其动作(即与名词是动宾关系,),1),Please tell the children,playing,outside not,to make so much noise.,2),The factory,making,(=that makes),such tools,is a small one run by Tom.,3),They lived in a room,facing,(=that faced),the south.,4),Barking,dogs seldom bite.,5),The building,being built,will be completed,next year.,（=who are playing),17/54,进去分词作定语与其修饰名词有“动宾关系”，表,示一个被动或完成动作，相当于一个被动定语从句。,1),Some of the experiments _ in the book,are easy to perform.,A.describing B.to be described,C.described D.to describe,2),It is said that Beijing University was the first,institute of higher learning_ in China.,A.established B.being established,C.to be established D.having been established,C,A,18/54,Practise,1).The wild flower looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert.,A.coving B.covered,C.cover D.to cover.,2).There have been several new events _,to the program for the Beijing Olympic Games.,A.add B.to add C.adding D.added,3).The disc,digitally _ in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.,A.recorded B.recording,C.to be recorded D.being recorded,A,D,A,19/54,4).Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes.,A.to form B.form,C.forming D.having formed,5)The English exam is not difficult,is it?_.Even Tom _ to the top students failed in it.A.Yes;belongs B.No;belonged,C.Yes;belonging D.No;belonging,C,C,20/54,6).The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden,attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.（04,上海,）,A.to smell B.smelling,C.smelt D.to be smelt,7).A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night.（04,江苏,）,A.advised B.attended,C.attempted D.admitted,该题谓语动词是 attract，“闻起来很香”用来作定语,修饰主语 flowers。,“谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。,B,C,21/54,3.分词作定语与动词不定式作定语区分是：,现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表,示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表,示动作之后即将发生动作。比如：,The question _(discuss)at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance.,The question _(discuss)at the meeting now is of quite importance.,The question _(discuss)at the meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.,discussed,being discussed,to be discussed,22/54,4.,只有单个动名词能做定语，放在所修饰名词前表示所修饰名词用途。,There is a,swimming,pool in the back yard.,Only after repeated practice can we improve,our,teaching,method.,注：动名词作定语与现在分词作定语区分：,现在分词作定语表示所修饰名词动作。,flying fish,飞鱼,a running dog,走狗,a falling tide,落潮,a crying boy,哭着孩子,(=a pool for swimming),(=a method for teaching),(=A boy is crying),23/54,practice,分词作定语：,1).Do you know the man _(speak)at the meeting?,2).Do you know the man _(praise)at the meeting?,3).The building _(put)up last now is our library.,4).The building _(put)up now will be our new company.,24/54,5).The building _(put)up next year will be our new company.,6).There was an old temple _,(stand)at the top of the hill.,7).There is a sports meeting _,(hold)next Tuesday.,8).There was an old man _(live)in the village.,25/54,二、非谓语动词作状语,能作状语有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样状语往往取决于它们位置和在句中意义。,26/54,1、不定式做状语，只表示目标、结果或原因：,Hehurriedhomeonlytofindhismoneystolen.,（结果状语）,Tomakehimselfheard,heraisedhisvoice.,（目标状语）,Allofusaresurprisedtoseehisrapidprogress.,(原因状语),不定式短语放在句首多作目标状语，在句,末多作原因状语，结果状语。,27/54,2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式：,1).,Given,a chance,I can surprise the world.,（条件状语）,2).,Coming,intotheroom,hefoundhisfatherangry.,（时间状语）,3).,Beingtired,theywentonworking.,4).,Havingbeenhit,bythebigboyonthenose,the,littleboybegantocry.,5).Heputafingerinhismouth,tasteditandsmiled,looking,ratherpleased.,（让步状语）,（原因状语）,（伴随状语）,28/54,practice,分词作状语：,1).When _(heat),water will be changed into vapour.,While _(heat)water,we can change it into vapour.,2)_(see)from the hill,the city looks beautiful.,_(see)from the hill,you will find the city beautiful.,3)Generally speaking,when _(take)according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.,If _(take)the drug according to the directions,you will be better soon.,heated,heating,Seen,Seeing,taken,taking,29/54,3,.分词作状语时逻辑主语问题,分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子主语一致；假如不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。,1),Being an orphan,the nurse treated him kindly.,2)He being an orphan,the nurse treated him,kindly.,3)As he was an orphan,the nurse treated him,kindly.,关于分词作状语时逻辑主语问题，在试题中,能够看到各种不一样命题技巧。,F,T,T,(True or false),30/54,例：Written in a hurry,_.How can it be,satisfactory?,A.they found many mistakes in the report,B.Sam made lots of mistakes in the report,C.there are plenty of mistakes in the report,D.the report is full of mistakes,试题分析：,这时一道非常经典试题。四个选项均为,完整句子，初看起来似乎不轻易领悟试题意图。,其实，本题意图依然是考查分词作状语知识。抓,住试题意图就轻易产生正确思绪哪个句子主,语能够同过去分词,written,逻辑主语一致。沿着这个,思绪向前走，不难想到,the report was written in a,hurry,试题答案不言自明。,D,31/54,1).-Mum,why do you always make me eat an,egg every day?,-_ enough protein and nutrition as,you are growing up.,A.Get B.Getting,C.To get D.To be getting,2).In order to make our city green,_.,A.it is necessary to have planted more trees,B.many more trees need to plant,C.our city needs more trees,D.we must plant more trees,C,D,32/54,3)._ the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.,A.Given B.To give,C.Giving D.Having given,4).He sent me an E-mail,_ to get further information.,A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope,given 作状语意为“考虑到”，意思相当于 considering。,注意 hoping 为伴随状语而非目标状语，真正目标是后面 to get。,B,A,33/54,现在分词与不定式作结果状语时区分,1).European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.make D.to make,2).He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left.,A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found,现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现、自,然而然或意料之中”结果。不定式作结果状语,时通常表示“偶然、出乎意料”一个结果,A,A,34/54,三,、,考查连词之后加分词,分词短语经常能够用在一些连词如,since,when,while,whenever,no matter how,once,until,等之后，能够看作是状语从句中省略现,象。,1).No matter how frequently _,the works of Beethoven will still attract people all over the world.,A.performed B.performing,C.to be performed D.being performing,A,35/54,2).When _ different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.,A.compared B.being compared,C.comparing D.having compared,3).The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.,A.begins B.having begun,C.beginning D.begun,4)When _,the museum will be open to the public next year.,A.completed C.completing,C.being completed D.to be completed,C,D,A,36/54,注意点,：,1.,不定式在表语形容词后作状语，用主动形式表被动意义。,This question is difficult _(answer).,Do you think him easy_(work)with?,We find this rule hard _(remember).,2.,有些分词已经转变为独立成份，含有“泛指”意义，在句中常作插入语。如：generally speaking,judging from,talking of,supposing that,considering,compared to.,given.,Given their inexperience,they have done a good job.,37/54,注意点：,3.独立主格结构：,名词/代词分词,独立主格结构在句中作状语，相当于状语从句。,1）.,Weather permitting,well go outing tomorrow,.,2）.,There being no interesting programs,he turned off the TV set.,3）,All things considered,the plan should be put off.,4）.,He rushed into the room,his face covered with sweat.,38/54,As there was nobody，he had to go alone.,There,_ nobody,he had to go alone.,If time permits,I will go to see you.,Time,_,I will go to see you.,As the worked had been finished,he went to bed.,The work,_,he went to bed.,being,permitting,当存在不一样主语时，能够用V-ing形式独立主格结构。,独立主格结构,。,finished,39/54,例：The key_，she went through her handbag,carefully.,A.hadnt been found B.having not been found,C.not having been found D.wasnt found,试题分析：,选项A、D均为谓语形式，选择其中任何一项,前半部分便成为一个分句，与后面分句必须使用,连词。以表示前后分句逻辑关系，所以全部排除。,选项B是现在分词完成被动式，凡非谓语动词否,定形式，not必须加在最前面，所以也应排除。not,having been found同其逻辑主语the key组成独立主,格结构，作原因状语。本试题中句子主语 she不能,充当分词逻辑主语。,C,40/54,四、,非谓语动词时态形式确实定,搞清非谓语动词表示动作与谓语动词表示动作,之间先后关系是解题关键所在。普通来说，非谓,语动词时态有以下三种形式。,非谓语表示动作,非谓语动词形式,在谓语表示动作之后,与谓语表示动作同时发生,在谓语表示动作之前,to do,doing,或,to be doing,to have done,或,having done,41/54,1).-Is Bob still performing?,-Im afraid not.He is said _ the stage,already as he has become an official.,A.to have left B.to have,C.to have been left D.to be left,2).Aids is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.(湖北),A.that it is B.to be,C.that it has been D.to have been,(=It is said that Aids have been the biggest health challenge to both men and women in),A,D,42/54,3).The flu is believed _ by viruses that,like to produce in the cells inside human nose and throat.,A.causing B.being caused,C.to be caused D.to have caused,4).You must make every effort to find the,person _ the car.,A.who damaged B.damaging,C.damaged D.that damaging,A,C,讨论：,此题为何不能选B？,43/54,五、非谓语动词语态形式确实定,非谓语动词被动语态通常有以下几个情况：,非谓语动词,普通被动式,完成被动式,动词不定式,动名词,现在分词,过去分词,to be done,to have been done,being done,having been done,being done,having been done,及物动词过去分词既表示被动又表,示动作已完成,个别动词过去分词只,表示完成(多数为不及物动词),44/54,He insisted on,being sent,to,hospital.,He insisted on,sending,her to,hospital.,对比以下句子,45/54,The voices and tenses,of the Infinitive,1).It is an honor for me _(ask)to give a lecture here.,2).The theory of relativity is hard for us _(understand).,3).As we seem _(miss)the train today,we may as well go back to the hotel.,4).There are always one or two problems _(think)about.,5).We thought it wrong for her _(punish).,to be asked,to understand,to have missed,to think,to be punished,46/54,判断句子正误并更正：,1).Being ill,his classmate sent,him to hospital.,2).To get there in time,he told,me to get up early.,3).Broken by Jim,I cant use,the cup.,47/54,4).To learn English well,a lot,of practice must be done.,5).Seeing from the hill,the city,is more beautiful.,6).Heating,water will boil.,7).Getting there,the door was,found opened,.,48/54,将以下状语从句改为非谓语,短语作状语：,1).,Because she was moved by,the hero,she decided to,study harder.,Moved by the hero,49/54,2).,When he found the door,locked,he went home.,Finding the door locked,50/54,3).He started early,in order,that he could get there on time,.,to get there on time,51/54,将以下非谓语短语改写为状语从句,1).Not knowing her address,I cant write to her.,2).Entering the room,I saw a strange sight.,3).Scolded by the teacher,he was very sad.,52/54,4).Not knowing where to go,he asked a policeman.5).Hearing her friend was bad-,ly hurt,she burst into tears.6).Knowing his team had,won,he became happy at,once.,53/54,Thank you!,54/54,