模块三--unit3-基础梳理.doc

教育精选-
基础梳理·授之以渔
Ⅰ.词汇与派生
A 联想记忆法
1．decorate vt.装饰，装潢→decorate ... ...用……装饰……
2．researcher n．研究者，调查者→do research ...研究……
3．powerful adj.强有力的→ one’s power超出某人的权力
4．fortunate adj.幸运的→ one’s fortune发财
5．aware adj.意识到的；知道的，察觉到的→be aware 意识到
6．basis n．基础；基准；原因→be based 以……为基础
7．judge n．法官，审判员；裁判员→judging 根据……判断
8．trial n．审讯，审理；试验；考验→ trial在审判
9．ahead adv.(时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先→ahead        time提前
10．declare vt.宣布，宣称→declare 表态反对
B 构词记忆法
1．civilization n．文明→ adj.文明的；开化的
2．wealthy adj.富有的，富裕的→ n．财富
3．gradually adv.渐渐地，逐渐地→ adj.逐渐的
4．cultural adj.文化的→ n．文化
5．remains n．遗物，遗迹，遗骸→ v．仍然；留下
6．expression n．表达；表情，神色→ v．表达；表示
7．educate vt.教育→ n．教育
8．poison n．毒药，毒物；vt.毒害，下毒→ adj.有毒的
C 语境助记法
The sailor Tom made a fortune by dealing in wood and leather.Five years ago, he complained about his low salary and resigned his job.After many trials and researches, he gradually found the way to make money.Recently he declared he would donate the majority of his wealth to the society.He is the glory to his family.
学情自测
用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1．He gave an (express) shudder(战栗) when asked to hold the snake.
2．What shall we do for the (remain) half hour?
3．You have to accept his (judge) on the matter.
4． (fortune), he was able to play.
5．Recent events are a (power) argument for gun control.
6．The country enjoys a rich and diverse (culture) life.
7．Interpreters should be highly (educate) as well as fluent.
8．Dad was putting up the Christmas (decorate)．
9．Were you (aware) that something was wrong?
10．They have discovered human (remain)．
Ⅱ.短语与拓展
1．take 夺取；接管take 呈现
2．in of纪念in of支持
3． doubt无疑，确实                 doubt毫无疑问
4．come down           患(病)come           实现
5．take ...       an example以……为例take ...        example以……为例
6．be        value有价值的be good value 钱花得值
学情自测
选词填空
no doubt，come down with， take over， in memory of， (be) of value
1．I think I’m flu.
2．Thieves have taken a radio and a Walkman, but nothing       great .
3．Can you the cooking while I walk the dog?
4．He wrote a poem those who died in Sichuan Earthquake.
5．                       he’ll tell me everything when he’s ready.
Ⅳ.教材与高考
(教材原句)Many people were buried alive, and so was the city.
(2008·辽宁，35)Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and .
A．I was neither B．neither was I C．I was either D．either was I
变式训练　—I would never come to this restaurant again.The food is terrible!
— .
A．Nor am I B．Neither would I C．Same with me D．So do I
Ⅴ.单元语法自测——主谓一致
选词填空
1．Every new product (has/have) to be advertised.
2．Huge amounts of cocaine (was/were) found in the containers.
3．One of my sisters (lives/live) in Australia.
4．There (was/were) an explosion at the factory.
5．The number of violent crimes (has/have) gone up dramatically.
高频考点·深度探究
重点单词
1．destroy v．to damage sth. so badly that it no longer exists, works, etc.摧毁；毁灭
destroy one’s health有害健康
cause/do damage to对……造成破坏
destroy one’s career/hopes毁灭某人的事业/毁掉希望
(1)Now there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply.
(2)All hopes of a peaceful settlement his speech.
和平解决的希望都被他的讲话给毁了。
(3)Failure was slowly destroying him.
易混辨析　destroy，damage，ruin，harm
一试身手
名师指津
(1)The bridge was                   by the flood.
(2)The strong sandstorm       most of the young trees.
(3)Fruit juice may do      to children’s teeth.
(4)The bad weather         our trip.
(1)destroy表示毁灭性的破坏，多指无法修复。
(2)damage指不同程度的损害、毁坏；作名词时，表示“损害”。
(3)ruin毁坏，损坏，指经过长时间的侵蚀而毁坏。
(4)harm损害，多指对肉体、精神方面的伤害。
2.ruin v．to damage sth. so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc.毁坏；破坏；n.the state or process of being destroyed or severely damaged毁坏；破产；废墟
in ruins毁坏了的；成为废墟的 fall/come into ruin逐渐破碎
bring...to ruin使……失败；使……毁坏
(1)There lay my house, reduced to waist­high ruins, smelly and dirty.
(2)Heavy smoking .过度吸烟损害了他的健康。
(3)The ruins of ancient Rome were dug out.
3．complain v．to say that you are annoyed, unhappy or not satisfied about sb./sth.抱怨；发牢骚
complain to sb. about/of...就……向某人抱怨
complain of诉说(病情或痛苦)
make a complaint about...就……提出投诉
complaint n.抱怨，埋怨；投诉
(1)Interestingly,80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal.
(2)I’m going to complain the manager this.我要就这件事向经理投诉。
(3)We received a number of complaints from customers about the lack of parking facilities.
4．declare v．to say sth. officially or publicly公布；宣布；宣告
declare...to be...宣布……为…… declare war on...向……宣战
declare for/against表示赞成 /反对
(1)My aunt even goes so far as to declare that a Chinese “equivalent”can never give you the exact meaning of a word in English！
(2)His actions him an honest man.他的行为表明他是个诚实的人。
(3)He declared that he was innocent.
5．ahead adv. further forward in space or time；in front向前面；在前面；earlier提前；预先；提早；winning；further advanced占优势；领先
ahead of在……前面；比……早；超过；领先ahead of time 提前
                   前进；着手；进行；(让路等)您先请；(电话等)您先说；(对别人请求的许可)行，去做吧，开始吧……吧
(1)—I probably shouldn’t have any more cake.
—Oh，go ahead. It won’t kill you.
(2)He is always well ahead of the rest of the class.
(3)Ahead of us lies a river.
6．aware adj. knowing or realizing sth.意识到的；知道的
be/become aware of知道；明白；意识到
be made aware of sth.使知道某事，使清楚某事
as far as I’m aware就我所知
(1)Older women are much more aware of celebrities. (2010·湖北，阅读C)
(2)I don’t think people just how much it costs.
我认为人们并不真正明白这要花多少钱。
(3)He was well aware of the problem.
7．judge n．a person in a court who has the authority to decide how criminals should be punished or to make legal decisions法官；v.to form an opinion about sb./sth. based on the information you have判断；断定；评判
judge sb./sth. (to be)...判断某人(事)……
judging from/by...根据……判断
as far as I can judge据我判断，我认为
in one’s judgment依某人看来
(1)He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war. (2011·湖南，阅读B)
(2) the look on his face, the news must have been terrible.
从他脸上的表情判断，这条消息肯定很糟糕。
(3)Don’t judge a book by its cover.
对点自测
Ⅰ.语境填词
destroy，ruin，complain，declare，ahead，aware，judge 1．Whenever I have an appointment，I like to arrive a little                of time.
2．Everyone present at the meeting should be made              of the risks involved.
3．I’d like to make a about the noise.
4．When they asked him for his opinion, he               strongly against the policy.
5．They have all the evidence.
6．Years of fighting has left Iraq .
7．In my , all of them are to blame.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．She left early， of a headache.
A．complained B．complainingC．to complain D．having complained
2． the number of cars, he thought, there were not many people at the club.
A．He judged by B．Judged fromC．Judge by    D．Judging from
3．The moment the 29th Olympic Games open, the whole world cheered.
A．Declared B．have been declared C．have declared D．were declared
4．The young husband left her， her life and all her hopes.
A．destroyed B．to destroyC．destroying   D．to damage
5．His broken leg means the of all his hopes of becoming a famous athlete.
A．miss B．Ruin C．loss   D．death
6．She slipped away without his being of it.
A．possible B．Aware C．casual   D．visual

7．Plan your shopping time.Avoid last­minute rushes to the grocery store when you are hungry.
A．in front of B．out of C．ahead of   D．apart from
短语与句式
1．take over接管；接任take to喜欢上；适应；养成……的习惯take in吸收；接纳；欺骗
take 呈现；雇用take off(飞机)起飞；突然开始成功；开始走红；脱(衣服等)；休假
(1)They are all different，but once you take off the outside，they’re pretty much the same on the inside.
(2)He has going to the gym after work.他养成了下班后去健身的习惯。
(3)We were taken in by his innocent，boyish looks.
2．in memory of纪念；追念have a good/poor memory for...对……记忆力好/差
in favor of支持，赞同；对某人有利 in face of面临；面对
in of为纪念……；祝贺……；为了向……表示敬意in case of万一，以免
(1)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster，many teachers would prefer to see him step aside in favor of younger men.
(2)He wrote a poem those who died for the liberation of China.
他写了一首诗以纪念在四川地震中死去的人们。
(3)She dates.
她对日期有很好的记忆力。
思考题：其他“介词＋名词＋of”的短语：                               

3．rise up against起义，反抗            vi.上升，升起；站起，增加；上涨；n.上升，加薪
rise to one’s feet站起来 give rise to使发生
(1)There was a sudden rise in the water and the calf was washed over the mother’s body and was gone.
(2)With great effort, he .他费了好大的劲才站了起来。
(3)The number of students in this school rises by 5% every year.
4．We are in Italy now，and tomorrow we are visiting Pompeii.我们现在在意大利，明天将游览庞贝。
句式提取：...we are visiting...
该句为“现在进行时表将来”，意为“我们将参观……”。
现在进行时的其他用法：
(1)go，come，stay，leave，do，take，have等动词的现在进行时可用来表示按计划或安排将要做某事，特别是在口语中。
(2)事物作主语时，多用一般现在时表示按计划安排的活动；人作主语时，多用现在进行时表示计划要做的事。
(3)现在进行时常与always，forever，constantly等副词连用，带有厌恶、赞扬等感情色彩。
(1)The train leaves at 10 p．m..
(2)You’re always people about your exciting sculpture classes.
你总是跟别人讲起你那精彩的雕塑课。
5．When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China，researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander the Great’s influence.当被问及来自遥远希腊的塑像怎么会出现在中国时，研究人员解释说，这无疑是亚历山大大帝的影响所致。
句式提取：状语从句的省略
(1)本句是主从复合句，其中when asked how...是一个时间状语从句，其完整形式为when they were asked how...，这里how引导宾语从句。主句中explained后接一个由that引导的宾语从句。
(2)英语中，有些表示条件(if/unless)、时间(when/as/while/once)、
方式或让步(as if/though)等的状语从句，如果谓语含有动词be，且主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把状语从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略。
(3)一定要注意从句的主语和主句的主语是否一致。如果不一致，则不能省略。分词作状语必须和句子的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。如果是主谓关系用现在分词，若是动宾关系则用过去分词。
(1)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise，if carried out regularly，can improve our health.
(2) ，the machine is of no use.
这台机器如不修理便毫无用处。
(3)Some flowers shut up at night as if (they were) to sleep.
对点自测
Ⅰ.选词填空

1．The worn­out father gathered all his strength and                             .
2．His mother was seriously ill，so he had to             a day       .
3．It is said that the famous businessman founded the charity                              his wife.
Ⅲ.单项填空
1．Although she believed that she had a good chance of recovering，the doctor said that few， ，could come back to normal after getting this disease.
A．if any B．if so C．if not  D．if ever
2．—What are you going to do this afternoon?
—I am going to the cinema with some friends.The film quite early，so we to the bookstore after that.
A．finished；are going B．finished；go
C．finishes；are going   D．finishes；go
3．It was at this point that her acting career really .
A．took up B．took off C．took in   D．took down
4．In summer, the temperature sometimes as high as
39℃.
A．rises B．rising C．raising   D．raises
5．Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students financial aid.
A．in favor of B．in honour of C．in face of D．in need of

写作提升·步步为赢
讨论或辩论
一、篇章结构
1．开头： 提出问题或引出讨论或辩论的主题。
Recently we have had a discussion/debate on/about (whether)．.最近我们就……进行了讨论。
2．主体： 陈述不同观点及其理由。
表示赞同：
(1) be for　　　　　　　　(2)favour the idea 3)be for the idea
(4)be in favour of (5)approve of (6)agree with
表示反对：
(1)don’t agree with (2)be against the idea (3)disagree
表述理由：
(1)because (2)for (3)they say (4)saying that(5)for the reason that
3．结尾：表明个人观点。
(1)Personally (2)As for me (3)In my opinion
二、套语背诵
1．开头：提出问题或引出讨论或辩论的主题。
We had a discussion about whether it is the only way out for senior students to go to college.
我们就上大学是否是高中生的唯一出路进行了讨论。
Recently our class have held a discussion on how to carry out the Citizens Basic Moral Standards and become a successful young man.
最近我班就如何实施公民基本道德规范和做一个有为青年进行了讨论。
Recently，in our class there has been a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city.
最近我班就北京动物园是否应迁出市区进行了讨论。
I’m writing to tell you about a recent discussion our class have had on whether or not university students should be financially independent.
我写信是要告诉你，最近我班就大学生是否应该经济独立进行讨论的情况。
2．表示赞同及理由。
Some of my classmates are in favour of the move.They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams.They also say...
有的同学赞同迁出。他们认为参观动物园的旅客太多会造成交通拥挤。他们还认为……
The majority of the students hold the opinion that punishing the passengers helps to reduce traffic accidents and increase traffic safety.
大多数学生持这种观点：惩罚(乘坐醉酒驾车的)乘客有助于减少交通事故和提高交通安全。
3．表示反对及理由。
由正及反常用however，on the other hand等过渡词语。
4．表示赞成或反对人数的比例。
60% of the students are against the idea of...They believe...
百分之六十的学生反对……的想法，他们认为……
Nearly 70% of us disagree since...，so that they won’t form the good habit of studying.
近百分之七十的人不同意，因为……因此他们不能养成良好的学习习惯。
5．结尾：表明个人观点。
From what has been discussed above，we can receive a better education at college so that we can serve our motherland better.
从上面的讨论看，我们都能接受良好的教育，以便更好地报效祖国。
Personally，I prefer to work in a team，which offers me a chance to learn how to get along with others and to share my experience with them.
就我个人而言，我更愿意在一个团队里工作，在这里能给我提供与其他人相处和与他们分享我的经验的机会。
三、范文欣赏： 禁止乞丐在地下人行道行乞留宿
Recently，Guangzhou passed a law to ban beggars from begging and sleeping in the subways and our class had a discussion about it last Monday.
56% of the students don’t agree with the idea because they think some beggars really have difficulty in making a living and have to play music in the subway to survive.
However,44% of the students favour the idea because they think beggars bring a lot of trouble for the city.What’s more，some beggars are just taking advantage of people’s compassion to make easy money.
Personally，I think it is a good idea to forbid beggars from begging and sleeping in public places and we should take some measures to help them.
第一节 单项填空 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
21. The reason why I didn’t go to Shanghai was I got a new job.
A. because B. how C. whether D. that
22. makes mistakes must correct them.
A. What B. That    C. Whoever    D. Whatever
23. We all think necessary that we should study hard.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
24. he’ll be able to come is not yet known.
A. Whether B.