电气工程专业英语省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,Specialized English for Electrical Engineering,电气工程专业英语,第1页,Lecture 1 Introduction,引言,第2页,1.1,什么是专业英语,普通英语,（,Common English,Ordinary English,）,科技英语（,English for Science and Technology,）,专业英语,（,English for Special Science and Technology,）,是结合各自专业科技英语,有很强专业性，包括面愈加狭窄，与专业内容配合更为亲密。,隶属于科技英语,是科技英语一部分，以表示科技概念、理论与事实为主要目标。恪守科技英语,语法体系,和,翻译方法,;,尤其,重视客观事实和真理,，表示,准确、精练和正式,。,专业英语与科技英语现有区分又有联络。专业英语学习需要有一个,良好科技英语基础,，同时也要,注意其本身词汇特点、语法特点、修辞特点和翻译特点,等等。,第3页,1.2,学习专业英语主要性,(1),科研信息获取,(2),研究结果展示,(3),国际交流合作,当前大部分资料都能够经过互联网传输，而这些资料中,90,以上都是英语。,世界上科技情报资料交流主要靠使用英语,对子电气工程、电子工程和信息类等专业来说，绝大部分专业资料和信息都是以英语形式出观。,专业英语阅读能力,申报国家奖项,申请专利,发表学术论文：,85,以上科技资料都是以英语形式出版,专业英语写作能力,专业英语表示、听说、应变能力,第4页,1.3,课程学习内容,主要内容：,基础知识（文体特点，语法特点，词汇特点，惯用符号公式表示）,阅读翻译，,专业词汇,周次,课时,安排,1,1,引言，语法特点,词汇特点,2,惯用符号公式表示,2,3,Unit 1 The basis of electricity and its Applications,电学及应用基础,4,3,5,Unit 2 Transmission and Distribution Systems,输电配电系统,6,4,7,Unit 3 High Voltage Engineering,高电压工程,8,5,9,Unit 4 Digital Circuit and Analog Circuit,数字电路和模拟电路,10,6,11,Unit 5 Electrical Machine,电机,12,7,13,论文写作：学习科技文件写作格式及写作技巧,14,国际会议international conference：以某个国际会议为例，学习参加国际会议流程。,第5页,Lecture 2 Features of Specialized English,专业英语特点,第6页,2.1 Grammar Features,客观性（,Objective,）,、,准确性（,accuracy,）,和,精练性,(conciseness),。,(1),广泛使用被动语态,(2),广泛使用非谓语形式,(3),省略句使用频繁,(4),It,句型和祈使句使用频繁,(5),复杂长句使用频繁,(6),后置形容词短语作定语多,语法特点,第7页,(1),广泛使用被动语态,2.1 Grammar Features,主体,多为客观事物、现象和过程，在叙述推理过程中切忌加进作者个人主观臆断；,中心,是客观现象及事物本身，而非动作发出者，把论证说明对象置于句子主语位置，既能突出中心，又能吸引读者注意。,(,客观性,),1)Electricity can,be measured,in amount and quality.,电能够用数量和质量来度量。,2)Instrument transformers,are installed,on the high-voltage equipment.,互感器安装在高压设备上,第8页,2.1 Grammar Features,3)Electric power,is generated,in power generating stations or plants.,电能是在发电站或发电厂产生,4)The meters,are calibrated,and the scale,is designed,to read the value of the desired unit.,这些仪表能够被校准而且设计了不一样量程，方便读出期望数值。,5)Electrical energy can,be stored,in two metal plates separated by an insulation medium.Such a device,is called,a capacitor,and its ability to store electrical energy,is termed,capacitance.It,is measured,in Farads.,电能能够储存在被一绝缘介质隔开两块金属板中，这么装置被称为电容器，它储存电能能力就被称为电容。电容测量单位是法拉。,第9页,2.1 Grammar Features,(2),广泛使用非谓语形式,非谓语动词在句子中能够起到名词，形容词或副词作用，动词非谓语形式分为,动名词,分词,动词不定式,。,动名词,用动名词短语取代时间从句或简化时间陈说句,The signal should be filtered before it is amplified.,2)An object becomes hot.It is placed in the sun.,Once,being placed,in the sun,an object becomes hot.,物体放置在太阳下会变热。,The signal should be filtered before,being amplified,.,放大信号前，应先对其进行滤波,(,精炼,),第10页,2.1 Grammar Features,3)We must do various experiments before a new electronic product is designed.,Before,designing,a new electronic product we must do various experiments.,在设计一个新电子产品之前，我们必须做各种试验,用动名词短语做主语,4),Changing resistance,is a method for controlling the flow of the current.,改变电阻是控制电流一个方法,5),Conducting electricity,means the flow of electrons through an object.,传导电流意味着电子在物体内流动,第11页,2.1 Grammar Features,分词,过去分词,短语替换从句中,被动语态,现在分词,短语替换从句中,主动语态,The power supply,which is shown in block-diagram in Fig.1,is a single-phase switch-mode inverter.,The power supply,shown,in block-diagram in Fig.1 is a single-phase switch-mode inverter.,图,1,中用框图表示电源是一个单相开关逆变器。,第12页,2.1 Grammar Features,2)A three-phase circuit,as it was pointed out above,is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits.,A three-phase circuit,as,pointed out,above,is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits.,正如上面所指出那样，三相电路只不过是三个单相电路组合。,3)The transistor,which is working with correctly polarities,can work as an amplifier.,The transistor,working,with correctly polarities can work as an amplifier.,工作于正确电源极性下晶体管，作用就像放大器。,第13页,2.1 Grammar Features,不定式,用不定式短语来替换表示,目标和功效,从句或语句,(1)The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger so that the increasing demand of electric power is satisfied.,The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger,to satisfy,the increasing demand of electric power.,单台发电机容量越来越大，目标就是满足不停增加用电需求。,(2)What does a fuse do?It protects a circuit.,The function of a fuse is,to protect,a circuit.,保险作用就是保护电路。,第14页,2.1 Grammar Features,(3),省略句使用频繁,省略成份：,状语从句中主语、全部或部分谓语,；,定语从句中关系代词,which,和,that,、从句中助词,等；还,惯用介词短语替换从句,。,1)If,it is,possible,the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.,If possible,the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.,2)As,illustrated,in Fig.1,there is a feedback element in the closed-loop system.,As in Fig.1,there is a feedback element in the closed-loop system.,就像图,1,所表示那样，这个闭环系统中有一个反馈元件。,可能话，这个系统应该使用开环控制方法。,(,精炼,),第15页,2.1 Grammar Features,3)The device includes an instrument transformation and a relay system,which has,two circuits in it.,The device includes an instrument transformation and a relay system,with,two circuits in it.,这个装置包含一个互感器和一个有两个电路继电器系统。,As already discussed,前已讨论,As explained before,前已解释,As described above,如上所表示,If possible(necessary),假如可能（必要）,其它惯用省略形式：,If so,倘若如此,As previously mentioned,前已提到,When needed(necessary,feasible),必要时,Where feasible,在实际可行场所,Where possible,在可能情况下,第16页,2.1 Grammar Features,(4),It,句型,和,祈使句,使用频繁,It,句型：,it,充当形式主语，防止句子“头重脚轻”,It is very important(possible,necessary,natural,inevitable)to,It takes very much time learning,It is clear(possible,necessary,natural,inevitable)that,It happened that,It must be admitted that,祈使句,:,无主语，精炼。,Let A be equal to B.,设,A,等于,B,。,Consider a high-pressure chamber.,假如有一个高气压气候室。,（准确、精炼）,第17页,2.1 Grammar Features,(5),复杂长句使用频繁,1)It has been mentioned above,that,the electrons in a metal are able to move freely through the metal,that,their motion constitutes an electric current in the metal and,that,they play an important part in conduction of heat.,前面已经提到：金属中电子能自由地经过金属，电子移动在金属中形成了电流，电子在热传导中起着主要作用。,（准确、精炼）,为了完整、准确地表示事物内在联络，使用大量从句,第18页,2.1 Grammar Features,2)The reluctance motor operates synchronously at a speed,which,is determined by the supply frequency and the number of poles for,which,the stator is wound.,磁阻电动机以某一速率同时动转，该速率是由电源频率和定子绕制级数决定。,3)The testing of a cross-field generator will be described in this section with chief reference to the tests,that,are normally taken on every machine,before,it leaves the makers works.,交磁发电机试验将在本节中叙述，它主要包括每台电机在离开制造厂前应进行试验。,第19页,2.1 Grammar Features,(6),后置形容词短语作定语多,代替定语从句作后置定语，使句子简练、紧凑，不至于累赘。,1)All radiant energies have wavelike characteristics,which are analogous to those of waves moving through water.,All radiant energies have wavelike characteristics analogous to those of waves moving through water.,2)The instruments present include some digital ones which are relative to DSPs,The instruments present include some digital ones relative to DSPs,全部辐射能都含有波特征，与水中移动波特征相同。,到场仪器中还有一些与,DSP,相关数字仪器,（精炼）,第20页,2.2 Rhetoric Features,重视科学技术方面观察、试验和客观规律、事物特征,包括内容,(,如概念、原理、定理或定律、规则、方法等,),大多没有特定时间关系和时效性,(1),广泛使用普通现在时,(2),较多地使用图、表和公式,常使用数据、图、表和公式等非语言原因来表明科技概念、原理、定理或定律、规则、方法等。,(3),逻辑语法使用多,修辞特点,进行条件叙述、理论分析和公式推导时，多使用逻辑语法，即表示条件、原因、语气转折、限制、假设和逻辑次序等词汇,although,because,but,if,once,only,suppose,as a result,because of,due to,so,therefore,thus,without,等。,第21页,2.3,Vocabulary Features,(1),词汇分类,专业或技术词汇,次技术词汇,diode,，,capacitor,，,substation ,autotransformer,，,superconductivity,。,很多专业和学科所共有词汇,不一样专业和学科往往含有不一样词义,某个专业所特有词汇，其专业性强，词义狭窄和单一。,power:,幂，乘方,动力，功率，效率,电源，电力，功率，电能,bus:,公共汽车,母线,总线,Condenser,：,电容器，赔偿机,冷凝器,power plant:,发电厂,动力装置,：专业或技术词汇，次技术词汇，非技术词汇,(,二极管,),（电容器）,(,变电站，变电所,),（自耦变压器）,(,超导特征,),第22页,2.3,Vocabulary Features,非技术词汇,在普通英语或非专业英语中使用较少，但实际却属于非专业英语词汇,take in -absorb,Look into -examine,find out -discover,turn round -rotate,make good use of -utilize,change -convert,第23页,2.3,Vocabulary Features,(1),词汇组成,1),合成法,由相互独立两个或更多词合成得到新词,名词,+,名词（,n.+n.,）,n.:,horsepower,bandwidth,power utilization,名词,+,形容词,(n+adj.)adj.,：,ice-cold,network-wide,名词,+,副词,(n+adv.)n.,，,adj.:,feedback,形容词名词（,adj+n,）,n.,，,adj.,：,low-pass,high-speed,short-circuit,newtype,形容词,+,名词,+ed(adj.+n.+ed)adj.:,forward-directed,，,small-sized,介词,+,名词,(prep.+n.)adj.,n.,：,bypass,overhead,on-line,overvoltage,第24页,2.3,Vocabulary Features,2),派生法,经过对词根加上各种前缀或后缀来组成新词,专业英语词汇大部分都是用派生法组成，,semi-,组成词有,230,个以上,:semiconductor,，,semimonthly,等，,thermo-130,个以上：,thermo-chemical,，,thermo-electrical,micro-300,个以上,:,auto-260,个以上,:,前缀（,prefix,）：词义改变，词类不变,后缀（,suffix,）：词义可能改变可能不变，词类一定会变,惯用前缀和后缀却多达百个，可见派生法构词能力是非常强。作为一个专业技术人员，最少应掌握,50,个惯用前缀和后缀。,第25页,名词前缀,前缀,含义,例词,auto-,自动，自己，本身,autocompensation,，,automation,，,autoexcitation,counter-,反，逆，抗，补,countermodulation,；,countercurrent,hydr(o),水，流体，氢,(,化,),hydroenergy,，,hydropower,hyper-,超，过,hyperfrequency,，,hyperplane,mini-,微，小,minicomponent,，,minipad,micro-,微，百万分之一,micromotor,，,microadjustment,semi-,半，部分，不完全,semiconductor,，,semiempirical,，,semielectronic,super-,超，上，特,superconductor,，,supergrid,ultra-,超，过分，极端,ultra-high voltage,（,UHV,）,ultraspeed,extra-,超，特,extra-high voltage(EHV),第26页,后缀,含义,例词,-age,抽象概念，如性质、状态、行为等,voltage,，,percentage,-ance,-ence,抽象概念，如性质、状态、行为等,resistance电阻，difference差异,-ency,抽象概念，如性质、状态、行为等,efficiency,效率，,frequency,频率，,emergency,紧急情况,-ion,，,-tion,-sion,抽象概念，如性质、状态、行为等,action,作用，,automation,自动化,transmission,传输,-logy,学论，技术,technology,技术，,dermatology,，,iatrology,医学，,electrotechnology,电工学,-ness,性质、状态、程度,hardness,硬度，,deepness,深度，,brightness,亮度，,roughness,粗糙度,-ship,情况、性质、状态、关系、地位,relationship关系，friendship友好，membership会员资格，scholarship奖学金，学问，学识，fellowship搭档关系,-er,-or,driver,驱动器,capacitor,电容器，,conductor,导体，,reactor,电抗器，,breaker,，,disconnector,断路器,名词后缀,第27页,词缀,含义,例词,-able,-ible,measurable可测量,convertible可逆,-ous,continuous继续,electriferous带电,simultaneous同时,-ful,powerful强大，useful有用,-less,colorless无色,形容词后缀,副词后缀,词缀,含义,例词,-ly,。地,carefully,仔细地，,-ward,。向,backward 逆向，反馈,downward 向下,eastward 向东,-wise,方向,clockwise,顺时针方向,第28页,动词后缀,词缀,含义,例词,-en,broaden,加宽，,harden,硬化，,shorten,变短,-fy,electrify,使。带电，,-ize,standardize,使标准化,词缀,含义,例词,circ,圆，环,circuit,电路，,circum,圆周,chron,表时间,synchronism同时,chronic慢性,fold,倍数,threefold,三倍,fourfold,四倍,fivefold,五倍,meter,仪器仪表,ammeter,安培表，,voltmeter,伏特表,wattmeter,功率表,gram,，,graph,文字，图形,diagram,图表,program,程序,telegraph,电报,phone,声音,microphone,话筒,Telephone,电话,therm(o),热,thermoelectron,热电子,thermoanalysis,热分析,词根,第29页,3),词汇缩略,2.3,Vocabulary Features,只由词汇中部分字母或由词组中每个词汇首字母。,节略词,，,缩略词,，,首字词,和,缩写词,节略词：只取词汇前面几个字母或只由后面词根组成,ad,del,exam,deg,lab,di(a),dir,dep,advertisement;,delete,examination,degree,laboratory,diameter,directory,department,第30页,2.3,Vocabulary Features,缩略词：由,词组中一些词词头字母,（有时多于一个）所组成，作为一个词按照正常,规则发音,ROM,RAM,Radar,GIS,read only memory,只读存放器,random access memory,随机（存取）储存器,radio detecting and ranging,；雷达,gas insulated station,气体绝缘变电站,geography information system,地理信息系统,第31页,2.3,Vocabulary Features,首字词：与缩略词类似，区分在于每个实词只取第一个字母，且必须逐字母念出,AC,DC,CD,LED,ID,IP,UPS,HV,HVDC,IEE,IEEE,alternating current,交流电,direct current,直流电,compact disc,光盘，压缩磁盘,light emitting diode,发光二极管,identification card,身份证,uninterruptible power supply,不间断电源,high voltage,高压,high voltage direct current,高压直流,institution of Electrical Engineers,英国电气工程师协会,institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,美国电气电子工程师协会,Internet Protocol,网际协议,第32页,2.3,Vocabulary Features,CEE,-College of Electrical Engineering,Department of Electrical Machinery and Electrical Apparatus,Department of Power System and its Automation,Department of High Voltage and Insulation Technology,Department of Power Electronics and Power Drives,Department of Electrical Engineering Theory and New Technology,Department of Architectural Electrical and Intelligence,电机与电器,电力系统及其自动化,高电压与绝缘技术,电力电子与电力传动,电工理论与新技术,建筑电气与智能化,第33页,缩写词：并不一定由某个词组首字母组成。有些缩写词仅由一个单词改变而来，且大多数缩写词每个字母后都附有一个句点。,2.3,Vocabulary Features,appx.appendix,附录；,fig.figure,图；,sq.square,平方；,msg.message,信息；,amp.amplifier,放大器；,o.p.operational amplifier,运算放大器；,第34页,2.3,Vocabulary Features,混正当,:,由两个词汇第一个词汇前面几个字母和第二个词汇后面几个字母结合在一起组成。,positron,negatron,字母外形法,:,对一些形状与字母外形相同物体，能够利用连字符把字母和名词连接在一起组成新词汇。,X-ray X,射线,U-shaped magnet,马蹄形磁铁,Y,-direction,Y,轴方向,H-frame structure H,型框架结构,T-filter T,型滤波器,Y,-connection,Y,(,星,),形连接,positive electron,正电子,negative electron,负电子,第35页,2.3,Vocabulary Features,人名法,:,对一些科学家、创造家所发觉或创造理论、方法、定理或定律、东西和物品等，用他们名字组成新词。,Ohm,欧姆,Volt,伏特,Watt,瓦特,Ampere,安培,Hertz,赫兹,Kelvin,开尔文,Coulomb-,库仑,第36页,2.4,Symbol and Formula,国际单位制中前缀,前缀,符号,数值,汉字名称,例词,tera-,T,10,12,兆兆（亿万）,giga-,G,10,9,千兆（十亿）,gigahertz,(,GHz)10kHz,1GHz,meg(a)-,M,10,6,兆,megohmmeter,megohertz(MHz),kilo-,k,10,3,千,kilometer(km)kilovolt(kV)kilowatt(kW)kilogram(kg,）,hecto-,h,10,2,百,hectogram,deca-,da,10,1,十,decameter,deci-,d,10,-1,分（十分之一）,decimeter,centi-,c,10,-2,厘,centimeter(cm),milli-,m,10,-3,毫,milliampere,（,mA,）,milliammeter,micro-,10,-6,微,microfarad,（,F,）,nano-,n,10,-9,纳,nanometer (nm),pico-,p,10,-12,微微,picocoulomb(pC),picofarad(pF),femto-,f,10,-15,毫微微,atto-,a,10,-18,微微微,第37页,2),小数，分数，百分数,2.4,Symbol and Formula,0.1:,zero point one,point one,o point one,one tenth,decimal one,0.01:,point zero one,10.35:,ten point three five,1/2:,a(one)half,1/3:,a third,1/4:,one quarter,1/8,:a eighth,2/3,:two-thirds,two over three,two divided by three,3/4,:three-fourths,three quarters,3%,:three percent,0.2%,:point two percent,5:,five per mill,第38页,3),幂（,power,）根（,root,）,x to the second power,2.4,Symbol and Formula,:x square,x squared,the square of x,the second power of x,y to the third power,:y cube,y cubed,the cube of y,the third power of y,:,the nth power of a,a to the n power,:the square root o f three,:the cube(third)root of a,:the nth root of a,第39页,2.4,Symbol and Formula,4),数学运算符号,A+B,A and B,A plus B,A-B,A minus B,AB,A times B,A multiplied by B,AB,A over B,A divided by B,AB,A plus or minus B,A=B,A equals B,a equals to b,a is equal to b,AB,A is not equal to B,A is not B,AB,A is approximately equal to B,AB,A is greater than B,AB,A is greater than B,AB,A is much(far)greater than B,AB,A is much less than B,AB,A is greater than or equal to B.,AB,A is less than or equal to B.,AB,A is proportion to b,a varies directly as b,A:B,A to B,第40页,2.4,Symbol and Formula,第41页,2.4,Symbol and Formula,第42页,