直接引语变间接引语的讲解.ppt

Directspeech直接引语Reportedspeech间接引语.直接引述别人的话，要加引号用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一一.原封不动地引用原话原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号把它放在括号内内,这叫直接引语这叫直接引语;二二.用自己的话加以转述用自己的话加以转述,这叫间接引这叫间接引语语.）人称的变化）人称的变化口诀说明直接引语间接引语一一随随主主二二随随宾宾三三不不变变引号内的第一人引号内的第一人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句主语的人称保句主语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第二人引号内的第二人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保句宾语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第三人引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称在变间引后去人称不变称不变Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”ShesaidthatshelikedtennisHesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearlyShesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim”ShetoldmethatThattheywantedhelphim一随主，二随宾，三不变一随主，二随宾，三不变直接引语时态直接引语时态直接引语时态直接引语时态间接引语时态间接引语时态间接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变不变一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时nowthentodayThatdaytonightThatnightagoBefore/earlieryesterdayThedaybeforelastnightThenightbeforetomorrowThenext/followingdaynextThenext/following直接引直接引语中的中的时间状状语转换规则：记住：记住：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化动词的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词this,thesethat,those时间状语nowtodayyesterdaytomorrowthis weeknext week.thenthat daythe day beforethe next daythat week.the next week地点状语herethere动词come gothisthatthesethosenowthenthatdaytodayyesterdaythedaybeforetomorrowthenextdaynextweek（month，year）thenextweek(month,year)heretherecomegothisweekthatweek一、如何变人称：口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三不变。“一随主一随主一随主一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：SheShe said.said.MyMy brotherbrother wantswants toto gogoshoppingshopping withwith me.me.”SheShe saidsaid herher brotherwantedbrotherwanted toto gogoshoppingshopping withwith her.her.Theboysaid,”Imreadingabook.”Directspeech直接引语直接引语Theboysaid(that)hewasreadingabook.Reportedspeech间接引语间接引语.“二随宾二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：也可以用第一人称，如：HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。“第三人称不更新第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：人称一般不需要变化如：Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodboy.”Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodboy.Practice:1)Hesaid,“Mybrotherfailedintheexam.”Hesaid_brotherhadfailedintheexam.2)HesaidtoMary,“Howisyourmothernow?”heaskedMaryhow_motherwasthen.3)Myteachersaid,sheisagoodstudent.Myteachersaid_wasagoodstudent4)Hesaidtome,“Iveleftherbookinyourroom”Hetoldmethat_hadleft_bookin_room.hishershehehermyHesays,“IsTomastudentorateacher？”HeaskswhetherTomisastudentorateacher.Heaskedme,Doyoulikeplayingfootball?“Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingfootball.Mysisteraskedme:“Whatisyourfriend?”Mysisteraskedmewhatmyfriendwas.Jackaskedme,Howdoyoulikethefilm?JackaskedmehowIlikedthefilm.Thesoliderordered,“Bequiet.”Thesoliderorderedustobequiet.Hesaidtoher,“Openthedoor,please.”Heaskedhertoopenthedoor.Shesays,“IwillgotoBeijingnextmonth.”Shesays(that)shewillgotoBeijingthenextmonth.Heoftensays“Ishalltellyouaboutthem.”Heoftentellsmethathewilltellmeaboutthem.记住记住：动词时态的变化动词时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时cancouldmaymight1陈述句陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词时，用连词that引导（引导（that在口语中常省略）在口语中常省略）一般现在时一般现在时Hesaid,“IcandowellinEnglish.”现在进行时现在进行时Hesaid,“Imwritingaletter.”一般将来时一般将来时Tomsaidtome“Iwillcallyoutomorrow”一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去将来时过去将来时HesaidthathecoulddowellinEnglish.Hesaidthathewaswritingaletter.Tomtoldmethathewouldcallmethenextday.注注：如果主句是一般现在时，直接引语变如果主句是一般现在时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的时态不变。间接引语时，从句的时态不变。Hesays,“Imnotgoodatmath.”Hesaysthatheisnotgoodatmath.注意注意：(1)如果在当天转述如果在当天转述today,yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变等时间状语也不必改变。(2)如果在当地转述，如果在当地转述，here不必改为不必改为there，动词，动词come不必改为不必改为go.(3)当转述客观真理时，直接引语变为间接引语时，当转述客观真理时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：时态不变。如：1.Hesaid,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.Hesaidthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.(4)为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时，为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时，也经常用一般现在时。也经常用一般现在时。Myteachersaid,“Tomisagoodstudent.”MyteachersaidTomisagoodstudent.I I cancan speak three languages.speak three languages.He He saidsaid he he couldcould speak speak three languages.three languages.Whatdidhesay?IammadatMarcia.HesaidhewasmadatMarcia.Whatdidhesay?WearehavingapartyforLana.Whatdidtheysay?TheysaidtheywerehavingapartyforLana.shewashard-working,Iamhard-working.Whatdidshesay?Shesaidshewasnotlazy.Whatdidshesay?ShesaidIamnotlazy.he was good at playing basketball.What did he say?He saidIm good at playing basketball.I am good at English.ShesaidshewasgoodatEnglish.Whatdidshesay?Whatdidshesay?I do well in English.ShesaidshedidwellinEnglish.do well inI do well in English.IgotobeacheverySunday.Whatdidhesay?Hesaidhe_.wenttobeacheverySundayWhatdidshesay?Shesaidshe_.wouldcallmetomorrowIwillcallyoutomorrow.“Whatareyoudoing?”SheaskedmeI was doing.what“Why do you like English?”HeaskedmeI liked Englishwhy“Wheredoeshelive?”Sheaskedmehe lived.where“Howdoesshegotoschool?”SheaskedmeShe went to school.how“Doyouknowmyname?”SheaskedmeI knew her name.Whether/if是否是否Whendoyouhavemath?(Theyaskedhim)Theyaskedhimwhenyouhavemathyou have math.hehadTheyaskedhimwhenhe had math.Summary(总结总结)1.特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语Doyouhavemath?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhether/ifyouhavemathyou have math.hehadTheyaskedhimwhether/ifhe had math.2.一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语将下列直接引语的句子改写为间接引语将下列直接引语的句子改写为间接引语:1.Lanasaid,ImgoingtohaveasurprisepartyforMaria.LanasaidthatshewasgoingtohaveasurprisepartyforMaria.Canyouplaythepiano?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhether/ifYoucanplaythepianoyou can play the piano.hecouldTheyaskedhimwhether/ifhe could play the piano.1.Shesaidtome“Whyareyouinterestedinscience?”Sheaskedme_interestedinscience.2.Heaskedhim“whenwillyoubuytheredcoat?”Heaskedhim_buytheredcoat.3.Shirleyaskedme“Wherewereyouborn?”Shirleyaskedme_born.4.“Whatswrongwithyou?”Lilyaskedme.Lilyaskedme_with_.5.Thegirlaskedme“Whathappened?”Thegirlaskedme_.Exercises:whyIwaswhenhewouldwhereIwaswhatwaswrongmewhathappened1.“Whereisshefrom?”Heaskedwhereshewasfrom.2.“Howoldarethey?”Heaskedhowoldtheywere.3.“Whatstheweatherliketoday?”Heaskedwhattheweatherwaslikethatday.4.“Howdoyougotoschool?.”Heaskedhowyouwenttoschool.5.“Whoissinging?”Heaskedwhowassinging.6.“Whendoyougetup?”HewantedtoknowwhenIgotup.直接引语转间接引语其他部分变化herehereover hereover heretonighttonightnownowtodaytodayyesterdayyesterdaytomorrowtomorrowlast week/month/yearlast week/month/yearnext week/month/yearnext week/month/yearagoagothe day after tomorrowthe day after tomorrowthisthisthesethesecomecomebringbringtherethereover thereover therethat nightthat nightthenthenthat daythat daythe day beforethe day beforethe next daythe next daythe week/moth/yearbeforethe week/moth/yearbeforethe next week/month/yearthe next week/month/yearbeforebeforetwo days latertwo days laterthatthatthosethosegogotaketake1、直接引语中的、直接引语中的时间状语时间状语转换规则：转换规则：2、直接引语中的指示代词转换规则：、直接引语中的指示代词转换规则：3、直接引语中动词、直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用在间接引语中用go:4、直接引语中副词、直接引语中副词here在间接引语中用在间接引语中用there：5、如果是在当天或在原地转达，则上述时间状语、如果是在当天或在原地转达，则上述时间状语或地点状语一律或地点状语一律不变：不变：thisthatthesethose2.Theteachersaid,Mystudentsarehard-working.Theteachersaidthathis/herstudentswerehardworking.3.TomtoldJane,Iwilllendmybicycletoyou.TomtoldJanethathewouldlendhisbicycletoher/Jane.5.Shesaidtohim,“Itstimetogohome.”4.Mr.Wangsaid,“IwillleaveforShanghainextmonth.”Mr.WangsaidthathewouldleaveforShanghaithenextmonth.Shetoldhimthatitwastimetogohome.2.直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。1）一般疑问句。用）一般疑问句。用whether或或if(是否）是否）引导。引导。主句中的动词是主句中的动词是said时改为时改为asked，没有间接宾，没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语语的，可以加一个间接宾语me/him/her。Eg.Hesaid,“Areyouastudent?”疑问语序疑问语序Heaskedmewhether/ifIwasastudent.陈述语序2)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:由直接引语变为间接引语时由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍仍用原来的疑问词引导用原来的疑问词引导.要把疑问句语序改为陈述要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。句语序。Eg.“Whereareyougoing?”Fatheraskedhisson.Eg.Thepolicemanaskedthesmallboy,“Wheredoyoulive?”Thepolicemanaskedthesmallboywherehelived.Fatheraskedhissonwherehewasgoing疑问语序疑问语序陈述语序陈述语序疑问语序疑问语序陈述语序陈述语序3.当直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时当直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时,间间接祈使句的引述动词接祈使句的引述动词常用常用tell,ask,order,等等,而把直接引语的祈使句变成而把直接引语的祈使句变成带带(not)to的不定式短语的不定式短语。句型：句型：tell/ask/ordersb(not)todosth如如:1Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Stoptalking.”老师对学生们说老师对学生们说:“不要讲话了。不要讲话了。”Theteachertoldthestudentstostoptalking.老师让学生们不要说话了。老师让学生们不要说话了。2.Theteachersaidtous,”Dontplayinclass.Theteachertold/askedusnottoplayinclass.changethedirectspeechintoreportedspeech1Thegirlsaid,“Iwillhaveaparty.”Thegirlsaid(that)shewouldhaveaparty.2Heaskedme,“Isyourfatheradoctor?”Heaskedmeif/whethermyfatherwasadoctor.3Thepoliceaskedtheman,“Whereareyougoing?”Thepoliceaskedthemanwherehewasgoing.4MothersaidtoTom,“getupearlier!”Mothertold/askedTomtogetupearlier.5Theteachersaidtous,“Donttalkinclass!”Theteachertold/askedusnottotalkinclass.6Theteachersaid,“Themoongoesaroundtheearth.”Theteachersaid(that)themoongoesaroundtheearth.1.IamgoodatEnglish,”Lucysaid.2.“LiLeiisreadingabook,”PetersaidtoLucy.3.“Wewillhaveafootballmatch,”hetoldhismother.LucysaidshewasgoodatEnglish.PetertoldLucythatLiLeiwasreadingabook.Hetoldhismothertheywouldhaveafootballmatch.二二.把下列句子变为间接引语。把下列句子变为间接引语。4.“TheygotoschooleverydayexceptSaturdayandSunday,”theboysaid.TheboysaidtheywenttoschooleverydayexceptSaturdayandSunday.5.Sheaskedme,Whydoyouwanttodothis?SheaskedmewhyIwantedtodothat.Summary1当直接引语是陈述句：由当直接引语是陈述句：由(that)引导引导主语（主语（said)that+句子（时态往过去推句子（时态往过去推told2当直接引语是一般疑问句当直接引语是一般疑问句:用用if引导引导whether主语（主语（asked)if+一般疑问句一般疑问句(主谓结构）主谓结构）whether窍门（窍门（do/does/did去掉）去掉）（be/can/may/must/will/should放主放主语后）语后）3.当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，用原来当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，用原来的特殊疑问词引导（的特殊疑问词引导（what/where等）等）主语主语asked+what特殊疑问句（主特殊疑问句（主谓）谓）where4当直接引语是祈使句时用句型：当直接引语是祈使句时用句型：主语主语+toldsb(not)todosthaskedordered8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He_Ihadseenhertheweek_.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He_Jimthathe_sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother_foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_been_days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked_knewwhereshe_.13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He_thechildren_makingsomuchnoise.14.“Donttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldme_himthenews.15.“Areyouintestedinthis?”hesaid.He_Iwasinterestdin_.ifaskedtoldbeforeshecouldwherehowhadihadthoselivediifstoptotoldtonotaskedtellifthat