主语从句公开课课件.ppt

名词性从句 主语从句Revision3.什么叫名词性从句？什么叫名词性从句？在复合句中起在复合句中起在复合句中起在复合句中起名词作用名词作用名词作用名词作用的句子叫名词性从句的句子叫名词性从句的句子叫名词性从句的句子叫名词性从句.2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。4.因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为词从句又可分别称为_、_、_和和_。主语从句主语从句 宾语从句宾语从句 表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句 Chose the best answer:1.We dont know _ they did it.A.how B.who C.what D.which2.This is _ I want to tell you.A.where B.what C.how D.which解题步骤：解题步骤：1.判断从句类型。判断从句类型。先找出主句谓语，位于实义动词后的是先找出主句谓语，位于实义动词后的是_，位于系动词后的是，位于系动词后的是_，位于谓语动，位于谓语动词前的是词前的是_。2.分析从句的成分。分析从句的成分。若不缺少任何成分，则选若不缺少任何成分，则选_ 或或 _;若缺少若缺少_语，则选用关系代词语，则选用关系代词what whowhomwhichwhosewhateverwhoever whichever;若作若作_语，则选关系副词语，则选关系副词when where why who.关系词的确定还需根据意思来定关系词的确定还需根据意思来定。宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句主语从句主语从句thatwhether主、宾、表、定主、宾、表、定状状Subject Clauses主语从句主语从句各种各样的主语各种各样的主语1）A tree has fallen across the road.2）You are a student.3）To live is to learn,to learn is to better live.4）Smoking is bad for you.5)It is certain whether we will succeed.6）That she is able to come makes us happy.名词名词代词代词不定式不定式动名词动名词形式主语形式主语主语从句主语从句一、一、定义定义 在主从复合句中，充当在主从复合句中，充当主语主语的从句叫主语从句。的从句叫主语从句。e.g.What he did in the earthquake moved everybody.主语从句主语从句谓语谓语宾语宾语That China will become more powerful is certain.主语从句主语从句谓语谓语表语表语二、引导主语从句三大连接词：二、引导主语从句三大连接词：1、从属连词：从属连词：that,whether that 无词义无词义,在从句中不作成分，在从句中不作成分，但不能省略但不能省略 whether 意为意为“是否是否”，在从句中不作成分，在从句中不作成分，可放在句首或句末，但不可省略可放在句首或句末，但不可省略 e.g.she got the first prize made her parents very happy.she will come or not is still a question.无义无义 是否是否 ThatWhether 练一练练一练 1、_ we go there by train or by air is not clear.2、_ she left him made him very sad.WhetherThat2、连接代词：、连接代词：连接代词连接代词 中文意思中文意思在从句中的成分在从句中的成分 who/whom _ whoever _ what _ whatever _ which _ whichever _ whose _ 不可省略不可省略 谁谁不论谁不论谁什么什么什么事什么事无论什么无论什么哪一个哪一个无论哪一个无论哪一个谁的谁的 主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语定语定语 e.g.Whatever you do should do no harm to others.无论你做什么都不应该伤害别人。无论你做什么都不应该伤害别人。Who will take his place is not important.谁将代替他并不重要。谁将代替他并不重要。练一练练一练 1、_ will host the meeting hasnt been decided.2、_car runs faster should be tested.3、_ comes to our school is welcome.4、_ side will win is not clear.Who Whose WhoeverWhich3、连接副词：、连接副词：连接副词连接副词 中文意思中文意思在从句中的成分在从句中的成分 when where why how 不可省略不可省略 什么时候什么时候在哪里在哪里为什么为什么怎么样，如何怎么样，如何时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语方式状语方式状语 练一练练一练 1、_ he didnt come yesterday is unknown.2、_we will set up the factory should be discussed.3、_ this happened is not clear.WhyWhen/Where How/Why 三、用三、用it 作形式主语的主语从句作形式主语的主语从句 常用句型如下：常用句型如下：It+be+名词名词+that 从句从句It+be+形容词形容词+that从句从句It+be+过去分词过去分词+that从句从句It+不及物动词不及物动词+that从句从句It+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+that 从句从句 注解：一般来说主语从句都是放在注解：一般来说主语从句都是放在 ,但有时为了使句子但有时为了使句子 ,避免避免”头重脚轻头重脚轻”,常用常用 作作 ，从而把主语从句放在，从而把主语从句放在 句首句首保持平衡保持平衡 it 形式主语形式主语后面后面1)It is+n.+that It is a pity/shame that.It is a surprise that It is a fact that It is common knowledge that *_(很可惜很可惜)we lost the match.*_(这是事实这是事实)he cheated in the exam.It is a pity thatIt is a fact that可惜的是可惜的是 令人吃惊的是令人吃惊的是事实是事实是是常识是常识 2)It is+adj.+that Its certain that It is possible/likely that.It is obvious/clear that It is true that *_(很可能很可能)she will come back tomorrow.*_(很明显很明显)he is an English.It is possible thatIt is obvious that肯定肯定 很可能很可能 很明显很明显的确的确3)It+be+过去分词过去分词+从句从句 It is said that.It is known to all that.It is reported that.It is believed that.It is suggested that+(should）do.*_(据报道据报道)20 people were killed in the accident.*_(建议建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.It is reported thatIt is suggested that据说据说 众所周知众所周知 据报道据报道 据相信据相信;人们相信人们相信 建议建议4)It+不及物动词不及物动词+that It happened that.It occurred to me that It appears/seems that It turned out that*_(刚好刚好)I was out yesterday.*_(我突然想起我突然想起)I forgot to sent the letter.It happened thatIt occurred to me that碰巧碰巧 我突然想起我突然想起似乎，好像似乎，好像原来原来5)It+及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语+that从句从句 It worried her thatIt shocked me that.*_(让我吃惊的是让我吃惊的是)she treated in the exam.It surprised me that让她担心的是让她担心的是 让我震惊的是让我震惊的是 1、That we cant go to see the movie on the weekend is a pity.2、That his memory was becoming worse worried him a lot.It is a pity that we cant go to see the movie on the weekend.It worried him a lot that his memory was becoming worse.用用it 作形式主语来改写下面的句子作形式主语来改写下面的句子 改错改错 1、That is widely believed that smoking can cause cancer.2、It is suggested that we will hold a meeting next week.It （作形式主语）（作形式主语）解析解析：过去分词如果是：过去分词如果是suggested,ordered,requested 等表示建议，命令，请求等的词时，主语从句应用虚拟等表示建议，命令，请求等的词时，主语从句应用虚拟语气，即语气，即“(should)+动词原形动词原形”(should)hold 四、四、主语从句中应注意的问题主语从句中应注意的问题 1、从句的语序要用陈述句的语序。、从句的语序要用陈述句的语序。e.g.remains a mystery.他为什么做那件事依然是个谜。他为什么做那件事依然是个谜。Why he did it2、从句做主语时，主句谓语动词的单复数从句做主语时，主句谓语动词的单复数 单个主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单个主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数单数 e.g.When we shall have our sports meeting not been decided yet.由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词也用谓语动词也用单数单数 e.g.When and where we shall have our sports meeting not been decided yet.has has 如果用如果用and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句连接两个或两个以上的主语从句 做主语时，谓语动词用做主语时，谓语动词用复数复数 e.g.When they will start and where they will go not been decided yet.have 注意注意 what 和和who 引导主语从句时，主句引导主语从句时，主句谓语谓语 的数的数应与主句中作应与主句中作表语的名词表语的名词保持一致。保持一致。What I need _ money.What I need _ books.is are Who you will go with _ Lucy.Who you will go with _ the twins.is are 3、whether 引导的主语从句引导的主语从句,如果用了如果用了 形式主语形式主语it,引导词引导词whether 可以换成可以换成if,如果如果whether 从句在句首或后面有从句在句首或后面有or not 时时,不能换成不能换成if.Whether they will sell the house is not decided yet.It is not decided yet whether they will sell the house.不可用不可用if替换替换 可用可用if替换替换 练习练习 1._ leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Which2._ he has become a rich man is known to all in our town.A.Because B.That C./D.What3._ I need is more time.A.That B.What C./D.Which4._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.IfB.Whether C.ThatD.Where5._ Jack looked so excited is not clear.A.That B.Where C.when D.why6._ that we will go shopping this afternoon.A.It is a good idea B.It is a pity C.That is a good idea D.That is a pity7.It was requested that everyone _ a speech at the meeting.A.made B.makes C.be made D.make