否定疑问句与反义疑问句.docx

不一样。否定疑问句就是一般疑问句的一种，只是前面的助动词或be动词是否定的，例如：他不可爱吗？（Isnt he cute?）。而反义疑问句则是有一个陈述句再加一个疑问句。如：He is cute,isnt he?(他很可爱，是吗？)通常反义疑问句如果前面是肯定句，后面就接否定问句，如果前面是否定句，后面接肯定问句。He isnt a teacher, is he? 两者的简略回答有共同之处，就是都要依据事实来回答。 You are never late for school, are you?(你上学从不迟到，是吗？) Yes，I am.(是的，从不。) You are never late for school, are you?(你上学从不迟到，是吗？) No，Im not.(不，有时迟到。)Isnt he cute?Yes,he is.(他不可爱吗？是的，可爱。)No,heisnt.(不，不可爱。)否定疑问句：来自陈述句的否定形式“Cantyousee?”你没看到吗？“Haventyoureadit?”Sheisntadoctor.A.Isshenotadoctor?/B.Isntsheadoctor?用到否定疑问句，表示个人的感情和态度Isntsheadoctor?通常代表了说话人的情绪，大致上心里有一个评论了，只是希望得到一个确切的答复Issheadoctor？她是一个医生吗？通常可以把be动词/助动词/情态动词提前，又可以把整个缩写提至句首(助动词)Willtheynotcome?他们不会来了吗？=Wonttheycome?他们不来吗？Doesshenotgetupearly?她起的不早吗？=Doesntshegetupearly?她不早起吗？Wasthewindownotbrokenbyhim?=Wasntthewindowbrokenbyhim?窗户不是他打破的吗？(情态动词)Canshenotdoit?=Cantshedoit?她做不了吗？回答这种问题时用简略回答。如果答语是肯定的，就用Yes；如果答语是否定的，就用No。不过，这种答语的汉语译法有所不同。例如：Isntsheaworker?Yes,sheis.No,sheisnt.她不是工人吗？不，她是工人。是的，她不是工人。*不计较是肯定句还是否定句，只要按事实情况回答，符合实际的就是yes；不符合情况的就用no。绝不可以是No,Ido.或Yes,Idont.Cantthedentistseemenow?难道医生现在不能来看我吗？cant否定疑问句表达了一种更加强烈的意愿。1.期待、请求或希望得到肯定答复时：Dontyourememberthat?您不记得那件事了?Yes,Ido.不，我记得。2.想要表示惊讶、不相信或夸张时Cantyou(really)rideabicycle?你(真的)不会骑自行车吗?No,Icant.是的，我不会。3.想要说服某人时：Wontyouhelpme?难道你不会帮助我吗?Oh,allrightthen./No,lmafraidIcant/Iwont,etc.噢，那好吧。/是的，恐怕我帮不了你/不会帮你，等等。4.表示批评或者表示厌烦、挖苦时：Cantyoushutthedoorbehindyou?你不能随手关上门吗?(不期望得到回答)Yes,Ihaventthathabit.(是的，我没有那个习惯)我想，除非ihavent。等等的说了额外的内容。否定疑问句表示感叹的时候，用降调Didnthedowell!难道他做得不好吗!Isntithotinhere!难道这里不热吗!例如：你不懂法语吗？(Know)DontyouknowFrench？Yes，Ido/No,Idont.你不会说法语吗？CantyouspeakFrench?Yes,Ican/No,Icant.Canyounotparkhere?你能不停在这里吗？Cantyouparkhere?难道你不能停在这吗？第一句的not是跟后面的notparkhere是一个群，not放在中间的时候，是可以和后面构成一个整体的第二句的cant的not是一个简单的否定疑问句，CanyounotspeakEnglishhere?你能在这别说英语吗？CantyouspeakEnglishhere？难道你不能在这说英语吗？因为前面这句话的not和后面够成一个整体，所以可以看成一个一般疑问句，这里难道不热吗？hotItshothereItisnthothereIsntithothere？难道我没问过你吗？注意：现在完成时haveaskedHaventiaskedyou？你难道不想与我们呆在一起吗？wantto；staywithusDontyouwanttostaywithus?No，Idont是的，我不想。Yes，Ido是的，我不想。Isawhimyesterday昨天我看见他了Isawhimyesterday昨天我没有看见他Didntyouseehimyesterday？难道你昨天没有看见他吗？反义疑问句：也叫附加疑问句，它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。前否后肯，前肯后否。1)陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式/陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式Therebe句型反义疑问句，通常为be动词+there（注通常这种情况是be动词存在，且没有can,may,must这样情态动词存在情况下）Thereisacuponthetable,isntthere?桌子上有一个杯子，不是吗？Thereisntanywaterinthebottle,isthere?瓶子里面没有水，是吗？Therearealotoflettersinthemailbox,arentthere?信箱里面有信，不是吗？Therearenotanylettersinthemailbox,arethere?信箱里面没有信笺，是吗？Therewillbeanewhospitalintwoyears,wontthere?两年后将建立一所新医院，不是吗？（within内）Threedaysago,thereweresomechildrenswimmingintheriver，werentthere?三天前，这有一些孩子在河里游泳，不是吗？TherewillbeameetinginFriday,wontthere?星期五有个会议，不是吗？2）当陈述句部分，含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时：few,little,never,noone,nobody,nothing,none，其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。注：few（否定意义）afew(肯定意义)修饰可数名词（复数）little(否定意义)alittle(肯定意义)修饰不可数名词some/alotof/lotsof可以修饰可数或不可数名词Many可数，much不可数例如：Therearefeweggsinthebasket,arethere?Thereareafeweggsinthebasket,arentthere?Thereareafewofeggsinthebasket,arentthere?afewof是有n.形式的/alittleof是的几个（或一些）alittlemeatisrotten.Alittleoffruitisrotten.如果后面的名词被所有格话，就可以加of，lot,piece,few都是n.的词性，little，bit这俩词没有名词词性，所以不能直接说alittleofwater，但是，alittleofthiswater的，就可以反义疑问句的回答用yes，no，但是，回答要按事实。例如：Thereisntmuchwaterintheglass,isthere?杯子里没多少水了，是吗？Yes,thereis.No,thereisnt.不，有很多。是，没多少了。Therearefivepeopleonthestage，arentthere?五个人在舞台上，是吗？Yes,thereare.No,therearent.是的，有五人。不是，没有。反意疑问句(Disjunctive Questions )的定义:反 意疑问句又叫附加疑问句(tag question)在陈述句之后,附加上一个简短句,对陈述句所叙述的事情提出的事情提出相反的疑问,这种疑问句叫反意疑问句。换句话说,反意疑问句由两 部分组成,前一部分是对是对事物的陈述,后一部分是针对所提出是事提出疑问。如果前一部分用肯定式,后一部分就用否定式;如果前一部分用否定式,后一部分 就用肯定式。反意疑问句陈述部分用降调,简短问句部分可以用升调,也可以用降调,这得由提问者决定。提问者对陈述部分把握较大时,问句用降调;把握不大时用升调。?反意疑问句前后两部分所遵循的规则:1. 前后语气相反。A.前一部分用肯定式,后一部分就用否定式。(1.)You are a student,arent you ?(2.)She reads Chinese every day,doesnt she?(3.)John went to school, didnt he?(4.)She has done his homework,hasnt he?(5.)They can speak English, cant they?(6.)You will come in, wont you?B.前一部分用否定式,后一部分就用肯定式。(1.)He isnt a singer,is he?(2.)They dont play the guitar,do they?(3.)You couldnt write it, could you?(4.)We did nt see Tom, did we?(5.)She hasnt seen Lily, has she?(6.)he cant ride the bike,can he?2.前后人称一致。(1).We are teachers ,arent we?(2.)She comes from Japan,doesnt she?(3.)He read maths every day last year,didnt she?(4.) They have done their work, havent they?(5.)It will be fine, wont it?3.前后时态一致。(1.)You are a teacher ,arent you?(2.)He comes from Japan,doesnt he?(3.)She studied Chinese last year,didnt she?(4.) They have learned English, havent they?(5.)It will rain , wont it?4.简短问句部分要用缩写形式。(1.)You are a student,arent you ?(2.)She reads Chinese every day,doesnt she?(3.)John went to scholl, didnt he?(4.)She has done his homework,hasnt he?(5.)They can speak English, cant they?(6.)You will come in, wont you?5.简短问句部分的主语要用人称代词主格。(1.)This book is yours,isnt it?(2.)Tom dosent know me, does he?(3.)Lucy and Lily played the piano,didnt they?(4.)Kates dog has eaten 3 chichens,hasnt it?(5.)His desk and bike are red,arent they?(6.)His milk isnt bad, is it?反意疑问句中的特例。(1.) There be 变成be There:There are 3 dogs ,are there?(2.)I am a worker,arent ant I?(3.)陈述部分是祈使句时,从句应具体情况具体对待。*Dont forget it will you? (不用Wont you? )*Come here early please,willwont you?*Lets go to the beach, shallshant we?*Let us go to the beach, willwont you?(4.)陈述部分谓语是think,suppose,believe,expect等,且主语为第一人称或第二人称时,简略句肯定或否定语气与主句对应,而主语和时态却与从句一致。*I dont think you are right,are you?*I dont believe he has done it,has he?(5.) 当陈述部分的主语为代词-body,-one构成的不定代词时,简略句的主语多用they; 当陈述部分的主语为-ing构成的不定代词时,简略句的主语多用it.*Everyone is here,arent they?*Playing football in the street is right, isnt it?(6.)当陈述部分的主语为代词: this,that,nonthing,不定式,动名词或从句时,简略句的主语用it,陈述部分的主语为these,those,nobody,eveybody,somebody等,简略句的主语用they。*That is a dog,isnt it?*These are apples, arent they?*Nothing is right, is it?*To see is tobelieve, isnit?*Everyone comes here ,dont they?*Nobody can help us,can they?* Everything is ready,isnt it?(7.)当陈述部分的主语含有no,never,hardly,little,seldom few,等词,这部分按否定处理,为简略句应用肯定式。*He can hardly read English,can he?*It seldom rains here,does it?*He has no classes today,does he?(8.)当陈述部分的主语含有un-,-less,dis-等带有前(后)缀的词,这部分按肯定处理,简略句应用否定式。*It is unfair ,isnt it?*He dislike it, doesnt he?(9.)当陈述部分的情态动词表推测时的特殊情况:当陈述部分的情态动词表推测时简略句应以情态动词后的动词为标准,去作相应的变化。*Jack must have arrived here,hasnt he?*Li Ping must have finished her work last night,didnt she? 反意疑问句的特殊答语。对于反意疑问句的的回答,不管问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,如果事实否定的,就用no 。当陈述部分为否定时要特别注意,这时的英语和汉语的答语是不同的。例如:(1.)当陈述部分为肯定,简略句部分为否定时的答语和一般疑问句相同。*He is a student,isnt he?*Yes,he is. No, he isnt.是的,他是。不,他不是。(2.) 当陈述部分为否定,简略句部分为肯定时的答语。当陈述部分为否定,简略句为肯定时的答语,时意义就会和汉语大相径庭:Yes, No和汉语的意义相反。*Kate didnt play the piano yesterday, did she?*Yes,she did. No, she didnt.不,他 弹了。是的,他没弹。*They arent reading the book,are they?*Yes,they are. No, he aret.不,他们正在读,是的,他们没读。*Lucy didnt ride the bike,did she ?*Yes,she did. No, she didnt.不,她骑了。是的,他没骑。