华政金融英语期末必考.docx

Chapter 1  Finance
1. Word and expressions (ppt)
private equity 私募
mutual funds 共同基金
 hedge funds 对冲基金
 securitized asset（asset securitization）资产证券化
 outstanding 已发售/未偿付
 managerial finance 财务管理
 risk aversion 风险规避
 purchasing power 购买力
 fixed asset 固定资产
 current asset 流动资产
 bill of exchange 汇票
 promissory note 本票
 check 支票
 open account 往来账户
 factoring 保理
 bad debt 坏账
 financial standing/position/condition 财务状况
 overdue accounts 逾期账款
 chambers of commerce 商会
 legal action 诉讼
 settlement of account 结算账户
 credit limits 信用额度
 statements of account 对账单
 current liabilities 流动负债
 insurer 保险公司，承保人
 insured 被保险人
 derivatives 衍生品
 intangible asset 无形资产
 tangible/material asset 有形资产
2. words and expressions (book)
 mutual fund 共同基金
 budget 预算
 checking account 支票账户（个人支票账户不记利息或低利息）
 savings account 存款账户（计利息）
 real estate 房地产
 durable goods 耐用品
 working capital 运营资本
 municipal bond (of muni) 市政债券
3. fill in the blanks
(1) The primary goal of corporate finance is to maximize (is maximizing) corporate value while managing the firm’s financial risks.
(2) Financial mathematics is the study of financial data with the tools of mathematics, mainly statistics.
(3) Capital, in the financial sense, is the money that gives the business the power to buy goods to be used in the production of other goods or the offering of a service.
(4) A cash budget is extremely important, especially for small business, because it allows a company to determine how much credit it can extend to customers before it begins to have liquidity problems.
(5) A bank aggregates the activities of many borrowers and lenders. A bank accepts deposits from lenders, on which it pays the interest.
(6) Capital investment decisions are long-term choices about which projects receive investment, whether to finance that investment with equity or debt, and when or whether to pay dividends to shareholders.
4. translation (C TO E)
(1)金融管理是商业管理的重要方面之一，没有合适的金融计划，企业是不可能成功的。
Financial management is one of the most important aspects of business management. Without proper financial planning a new  enterprise is unlikely to be successful.
(2)金融中介机构的基本宗旨是把不受公众欢迎的金融资产转变为他们能够接受的金融资产。
The basic purpose of financial intermediary institutions is to transform the unwelcome financial assets into what the public can accept.
(3)企业经营是有风险的，因此财务经理必须对风险进行评估和管理。
The business operation can have many risks, so the financial manager should evaluate and manage them.
(4)投资决策首先是指投资机会，常常指资本投资项目。
Investment decisions first refer to investment opportunities, often referring to capital investment projects.
(5)现金预算常常被用来评估企业是够有足够的现金来维持企业的日常经营运转和（或）是否有太多现金富余。
Cash budgets are often used to assess whether the entity has sufficient cash to fulfill regular operation and/or whether too much cash is being left.
(6)按照金融学的观点，资本就是企业购买商品以生产其他商品或提供服务的货币资金。
Capital, in the financial sense, is the money that gives the business the power to buy goods to be used in the production of other goods or the offering of a service.
5. translation (E TO C)
(1)A cash budget is extremely important, especially for small business, because it allows a company to determine how much credit it can extend to customers before it begins to have liquidity problems.
现金预算是十分重要的，尤其是对于小企业，因为现金预算能够让一个公司知道自己能够向客户提供多少贷款而不至于发生流动性风险。
(2)Financial intermediaries include depository institutions (commercial banks and credit union) who acquired the bulk of their funds by offering their liabilities to the public mostly form of deposit.
金融中介机构包括存款机构（商业银行和信用社），它们为了扩大自己的资金，将自己的流动负债以存款的形式发放给社会公众。
(3)A corporation is a legally distinct from its owners, who are called shareholders or stock holders.
法人和所有者在法律意义上是有区别的，公司所有者又被称为股东或股票持有者。
(4)Long-term financial planning focus on the firm’s goals, the investment that will be needed to meet those goals, and the financing that must be raised.
长期的金融计划着重关注公司目标，投资则是为了达成这些目标，之后资金就会被筹集起来。
(5)Businesses are classified into nonfinancial and financial business. These entities borrow funds in the debt market and raise funds in the equity market.
行业可分为非金融业和金融业，这些公司在债券市场上借款，在股市上扩大资产。
(6)Finance is the set of activities dealing with the management of funds. More specifically, it is the decision of collection and use of funds. It is a branch of economics that studies the management of money and other assets.
金融是涉及资金管理的一系列活动。更确切的说，金融是关于吸纳和使用资金的决策。金融是经济学的一个分支，经济学是研究资金和其他资产管理的学科。

Chapter 2  career in commercial banking
1. Word and expressions (ppt)
 people skill 人际交流技巧
 brand image 品牌形象
 product line 生产线
 market segmentation 市场分割
 foreign exchange derivatives 外汇衍生品
 financial engineering 金融工程
 loan origination 贷款发放
 trust 信托
 estate planning 财产规划（尤其指遗产规划）
 correspondent bank 代理银行业务
 commercial paper 商业票据
 merge with 合并
 outstanding bills 未偿付票据
 discount broker 贴现票据经纪人
 shake-up 剧变
 teller 出纳
 credit analyst 信贷分析师
 lending officer 信贷人员
 branch manager 部门经理/分行经理
 programmer 技术人员
2. words and expressions (book)
 teller 出纳
 clientele 诉讼委托人，顾客
 crucial 关键的，决定性的
 phenomenal 非凡的，关键的
 Citigroup 花旗集团
abound 丰富，大量存在，盛产
 layoff 解雇（由于市场不景气）
 marketing-oriented 市场（营销）导向
 customer-oriented 客户导向
 Wall Street 华尔街
 derivative 衍生的，被引申出的
 mutual fund 公共基金
 trust services 信托服务
 counsel 商议考虑
 MBNA 美信银行
 Forrest Gump 《阿甘正传》
 shrinking 收缩，变小，退缩
 shake-up 剧变，振作
 outstanding bills 未偿付票据
 interpersonal skills 人及关系技巧
3. fill in the blanks
(1)Jobs in banking can be exciting and offer excellent opportunities to learn about business interact with people and build up a clientele. Today’s commercial banks are more diverse than ever. You’ll find a tremendous range of opportunities in commercial banking, starting at the branch level where you might start out as a teller to a wide variety of other services such as leasing, credit card banking, international finance and trade credit.
(2)Banking is going through a period of tremendous consolidation with frequent mergers and layoffs.
(3)Mergers abound such as those of Citibank and Travelers into Citigroup or NationasBank and BankAmerica.
(4) Because commercial banks remain profitable and are more involved than ever in the financial markets, they are competing with Wall Street for “high-tech finance jock” involved in foreign exchange derivatives and financial engineering.

(5)Your job will be to make mortgage loans to homebuyers and business. This involves heavy contact with real estate professionals, credit checks, and dealing with new buyers.
(6)If you are internet savvy and familiar with computers you will have an edge in banking.
4. translation (C TO E)
(1).花旗提供公平且具有竞争力的薪资福利，并根据业绩给予奖励，衡量标准与业务目标相对应。
Citigroup provides equitable and competitive compensation and benefits. Moreover, it offers rewards based on the performance and its measure standards respond to objectives.
(2).花旗希望所有员工都能奉行高度的个人与职业道德。
Citigroup has a hope that all of the employees hold high standards of personal an career ethic.
(3).为客户提供优质的金融服务，最大限度地为银行争取综合效益，完善与同业在银团业务领域的合作框架、模式与机制。
Providing high quality financial service for clients, gaining combined revenues for the bank to the greatest extent, improving and perfecting the cooperation frame, model and mechanism with the same occupation in the field of Syndicate business. (本句话没有主语。。。。。自由发挥吧)
(4)良好的个人修养和职业道德、正直、敬业、遵纪守法是对银行职员的基本要求
The basic requirements for the bank clerks are good personal culture and career ethic, upright, dedicated and legal-compliance.
(5)全日制本科及以上学历，经济、金融类相关专业毕业，具有较好的金融学、管理学以及商业银行经营管理理论方面的基础，是对银行管理者的基本条件和能力的要求。
These are some basic requirements of conditions and abilities for bank managers: full-time bachelor degree or above in economics, finance and related majors, having good foundation of finance, management and commercial bank management theory.
(6)具有较强的客户需求理解、市场营销策划能力和能够根据不同市场客户的特点有针对性地进行产品规划，是对银行管理者的能力要求。
Having brilliant understanding of our clientele’s needs, marketing planning abilities and being able to have pointed product planning based on the characteristics of clientele in different markets are requirements of abilities for bank managers
5. translation (E TO C)
(1)Many college graduates start in investment banking in an analyst position. To succeed in these positions you need to be extremely dedicated, have good spreadsheet skills and be analytically fluent. Your next step will be to become an associate. Same skills, just raise the volume.
许多大学毕业生毕业后会在投资银行谋到分析师的职位。要想在这个职位上获得成功，你必须十分敬业、有良好的处理电子表格的能力并且能够自如的进行分析。你的下一步是要成为合伙人，同样的能力要求，只不过更加严格。
(2)Some jobs in investment banking call for very strong mathematical ability. If you are good at math, think about getting an advanced degree in a technical field(studying areas such as stochastic calculus and differential equations), then take some advanced finance courses in options pricing or bond valuation and apply to a research department on Wall Street(Carnegie-Mellon’s FAST program is a leading in training mathematicians and physicists for Wall Street jobs).
一些投行的工作需要较强的数学能力。如果你数学较好，可以考虑在技术领域进修一个更高的学位（学习的领域可以是随机计算或者微分方程），然后进修一些高端的金融课程，如期权定价或债券国家，再申请一个华尔街的职位（卡耐基.梅隆的FAST项目就是为华尔街培训数学家和物理学家的）。
(3)The number one attribute most corporate employers are looking for is initiative. If you can give examples in interviews of situations where you did something plain useful even though no one asked you to, you will be a hot commodity.
公司要寻找的员工的第一特质是主动性。即使没有人问你，但如果你能够在面试中举例说明你在某些情况下做的一些有用的事情，你将成为炙手可热的人物。
(4)Have you ever started a business? Or put together a social event that brought people together? Or started a new organization?
你是否曾经开创自己的事业？或者组织一个社会活动将人们聚集起来？或者创立一个组织？
(5)Banking is going through a period of tremendous consolidation with frequent mergers and layoffs.
银行业曾经经历过一段大量整合的时期，兼并和解雇经常发生。
(6)Your job will be to make mortgage loans to homebuyers and business. This involves heavy contact with real estate professionals, credit checks, and dealing with new buyers.
你的工作是使房屋购买者和公司借入按揭单款。这要求你经常与不动产专家接触，做信用核实和接待新的购买者。

Chapter3  money market
1. Word and expressions (ppt)
CDs 定期大额存单
 bankers acceptance 银行承兑汇票
 Treasury bills 国库券
 commercial paper 商业票据
 municipal notes 市政债券
 federal funds 联邦基金
 repurchase agreement(repos) 回购协议
 fixed-income security 固定收入证券
 bear market 熊市
 bull market 牛市
 stomach 忍受
 denomination 面值
 dealer market 经销商（自营商）市场
 money market 货币市场
 money market bank account 货币市场往来账户
 face（par）value 面值
 purchase price 买价
 coupon bonds 附息票债券
 treasury bills/notes/bonds 按时间长短，短期、中期、长期国库券
 maturity date 到期日
 default risk 违约风险
 annual percentage yield（APY）年收益率
 annual percentage rate（APR）年利率
 secondary market 二级市场
2. words and expressions (book)
 synonymous 同义词
 awfully 可怕的；庄重的
 stomach 忍受
 slim 微小的；无价值的
 labored 费工
 annoying 费神
 eurodollar 欧洲美元
 maturity 到期
3. fill in the blanks
(1)One of the main differences between the money market and the stock market is that most money market securities trade in awfully high denominations.
(2) The money market is better known as a place for large institutions and government to manage their short-term cash needs.
(3)There are several different instruments in the money market, offering different returns and different risks.
(4)CDs are generally issued by commercial banks but they can be bought through brokerages. They bear a specific maturity date(from 3 months to 5 years), a specified interest rate, and can be issued in any denomination, very similar to bonds.
(5)The biggest reasons that T-bills are so popular is because they are one of the few money market instruments that are affordable to the individual investors.
(6)A bankers’ acceptance is a short-term credit investment created by a non-financial firm and guaranteed by a bank to make payment. Acceptances are traded at discounts from face value in the secondary market.
4. translation (C TO E)
(1)货币市场上的金融工具包括短期的、可交易的、流动的、低风险的债券。货币市场工具有时被称作是现金的等同物，或简称现金。
Financial instruments in money market include short-term, tradable, liquidity, low risk bonds. Money market instruments are sometimes call the equivalence of cash, or cash for short.
(2)国库券是货币市场上所有金融工具中流动性最强的一种。国库券是最简单的借钱形式：政府通过向公众出售债券而筹集到资金，投资者则按低于面值折价购买，在债券到期日债券持有人从政府获得等额于债券面值的回报。
Treasury bill has the strongest liquidity among all kinds of financial instruments in money market. Treasury bill is the simplest form to borrow money: the government raise money from selling bills(bonds) to the public, investors buy them at a discount from the face value, and bond holders get the return that is equal to the face value from the government on maturity date.
(3) 大额存单或称CD，是银行的定期存款。定期存款的存款者不能因需用资金而随时任意提取存款，银行只在定期存款到期时才付给储户利息与本金。
Certificate of deposit or CD, is the time deposit of the bank. Depositors of time deposit can’t withdraw deposit at any time even if they need money urgently; banks only pay depositors interests and principal when the time deposit matures.
(4)著名的大公司通常自己发行短期无担保的标明借贷关系的票据，而不是直接向银行借款。这些票据就称为商业票据。
Big and famous corporations always issue short-term, unsecured and lending relationship marked paper, not borrow money directly from banks. This paper is called commercial paper.
(5)欧洲美元是指外国银行或美国银行的国外分支机构中的美元存款。
Eurodollars are referred to dollar deposits in foreign banks or American banks’ branches in foreign coutries,
(6)政府证券交易商运用回购协议作为短期借款手段，这通常是隔夜借款的一种形式。
The government securities dealers use repurchase agreement as a short-term loan way, it is usually a form of overnight loan.
5. translation (E TO C)
(1)Money market investments are also called cash investments because of their short maturities.
货币市场投资也称为现金投资，因为到期时间较短。
(2)For many corporations, borrowing short-term money from banks is often a labored and annoying task.
对于很多公司来说，向银行借短期贷款是一项既费力又费神的任务。
(3)T-bills are short-term securities that mature in one year or less form their issue date.
国库券是短期债券，从发行日起一年或不到一年到期。
(4)Contrary to the name, Eurodollars have very little to do with the euro or European countries. Eurodollars are U.S dollar-denominated deposits at banks outside of the United States.
与名字相反，欧洲美元和欧元或者欧洲国家没有关系。欧洲美元是以美元为面值的，在美国以外银行中的存款。
(5)The more frequently interest is calculated, the greater the yield will be. When an investment pays interest annually, its rate and yield are the same.
利息被计算的越频繁，收益率就越大。当一项投资一年付息一次，它的利率和收益率就相等。
(6)One of the main differences between the money market and the stock market is that most money market securities trade in awfully high denominations.
货币市场和股票市场的最主要差别在于，大多数货币市场证券是以相当高的面值交易的。

Chapter 4  commercial banks and services
1. Word and expressions (ppt)
 payroll 工资发放
 realignment 重组
 Renaissance 文艺复兴
 mint 铸币
 telegraphic transfer(TT,T/T) 电汇
 EFTPOS(electronic funds transfer at point of sale) 销售处电子转账系统
 term deposit 定期存款
 overdraft 透支
 documentary letter of credit 跟单信用证（LC
 standby LC 备用信用证
irrevocable documentary LC 不可撤销跟单信用证
 performance bond 履约保证书
 securities underwriting commitment 认购
 off balance sheet exposure 表外风险
 safe deposit box 贵重物品保险箱
 unit trust 单位信托公司
 principal 本金
 civil lawsuit 民事诉讼
 small claims 小额索偿
 secured loan 担保贷款
 mortgage loan 抵押贷