托福内部测试.doc

Entrance Examination of TOEFL Training Program

I. Vocabulary
Direction: In this section, each question is a single word or a phrase. Beneath the word you will see four words or phrase, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that is the synonym of the given word. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

1. SCARCE:
(A) limited (B) hidden (C) pure (E) necessary

2. PERIOD:
(A) movement (B) school (C) region (D) time

3. RANDOM:
(A) unpredictable (B) perplexing (C) independent (D) abnormal

4. CONSTANT:
(A) invariable (B) persistent (C) predictable (D) responsive

5. INITIATE:
(A) started (B) requested (C) purchased (D) considered

6. PRECISELY:
(A) exactly (B) clearly (C) economically (D) practically

7. ENCOUNTERED:
(A) faced (B) caused (C) increased (D) discussed

8. CONSIDERABLE:
(A) thoughtful (B) substantial (C) relational (D) ceremonial

9. ACCUMULATED:
(A) dried (B) flooded (C) collected (D) evaporated

10. RELATED:
(A) connected (B) described (C) completed (D) identified

11. PUNCTURE:
(A) pierce (B) surround (C) pinch (D) cover

12. COMPILE:
(A) put together (B) look up (C) pile high (D) work over

13. INADEQUATE:
(A) deficient (B) expanded (C) innovative (D) specialized

14. EMERGED:
(A) increased (B) concluded (C) succeeded (D) appeared

15. CONFLICTING:
A) controlling (B) outdated (C) opposing (D) important

16. SPECULATE:
(A) report (B) learn (C) worry (D) hypothesize

17. HARD:
(A) firm (B) severe (C) difficult (D) bitter

18. BARREN:
(A) lonely (B) dangerous (C) uncomfortable (D) infertile

19. FUNDAMENTAL:
(A) possible (B) basic (C) gradual (D) unique

20. TOLERATE:
(A) endure (B) replace (C) compensate (D) reduce

21. ALTERED:
(A) eliminated (B) caused (C) slowed (D) changed

22. EXCEEDED:
(A) controlled (B) surpassed (C) affected (D) equaled

23. ASTOUNDING：
(A) surprising (B) estimated (C) encouraging (D) sudden

24. DISASTER:
(A) control (B) catastrophe (C) avoidance (D) history

25. PROMINENT:
(A) isolated (B) concerned (C) generous (D) distinguished

26. THANKS TO:
(A) grateful for (B) help with (C) because of (D) machines for

27. CONSTITUENT:
(A) component (B) opposite (C) principle (D) temperature

28. PREVAILS:
(A) dominates (B) provides (C) develops (D) invests

29. SUPPLANTED:
(A) supported (B) promoted (C) replaced (D) dominated

30. FORAGE:
(A) fly (B) assemble (C) feed (D) rest

II. Structure and Written Expression
Structure
Direction: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D) Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

1.Dairy farming is ___ leading agricultural activity in the United States.
(A) a
(B) at
(C) then
(D) none

2.Although thunder and lightning are produced at the same time, light waves travel faster___ , so we see the lightning before we hear the thunder.
(A) than sound waves do
(B) than sound waves are
(C) do sound waves
(D) sound waves

3.Beef cattle___ of all livestock for economic growth in certain geographic regions.
(A) the most are important
(B) are the most important
(C) the most important are
(D) that are the most important

4.The discovery of the halftone process in photography in 1881 made it___ photographs in books and newspapers.
(A) the possible reproduction
(B) possible to reproduce
(C) the possibility of reproducing
(D) possibly reproduced

5.Flag Day is a legal holiday only in the state of Pennsylvania,___ Betsy Ross sewed the first American flag.
(A) which
(B) where
(C) that
(D) has

6.___ Vastness of the Grand Canyon, it is difficult to capture it in a single photograph.
(A) While the
(B) The
(C) For the
(D) Because of the

7.Speculation,___ ,results when an animal population becomes isolated by some factor, usually geographic.
(A) form biological species
(B) biological species are formed
(C) which forming biological species
(D) the formation of biological species

8.In this pure state antimony has no important uses, but___ with other substances, it is an extremely useful metal.
(A) when combined physically or chemically
(B) combined when physically or chemically
(C) the physical and chemical combination
(D) it is combined physically and chemically

9.The dawn redwood appears___ some 100 million years ago in northern forests around the world.
(A) was flourished
(B) having to flourish
(C) to have flourished
(D) have flourished

10.Beginning in the Middle Ages, composers of Western music used a system of notating their compositions___ be performed by musicians.
(A) will
(B) that
(C) and when to
(D) so they could

11.Civil Rights are the freedoms and rights___ as a member of a community, state or nation.
(A) may have a person
(B) may have a person who
(C) a person may have
(D) and a person may have

12.Richard Wright enjoyed success and influence___ among Black American writers of his era.
(A) Were unparalleled
(B) are unparalleled
(C) unparalleled
(D) the unparalleled

13.___ Of large mammals once dominated the North American prairies the American bison and the pronghorn antelope.
(A) There are two species
(B) With two species
(C) Two species are
(D) Two species

14.Franklin D. Roosevelt was___ the great force of radio and the opportunity it provided
for taking government policies directly to the people.
(A) as the first President he understood fully
(B) the first president that to fully understand
(C) the first President fully understood
(D) the first President to understand fully

15.During the late fifteenth century___ of the native societies of America had professions in the fields of arts and crafts.
(A) only a few
(B) a few but
(C) few, but only
(D) a few only

III. Reading Comprehension
Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. For questions 1-50, you are to choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D), to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as unpredictable, and they sought through various means, to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.
Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances, and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium." In addition, there were performers, and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect - success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun - as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.
Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.

1. What does the passage many discuss?
(A) The origins of theater
(B) The role of ritual in modern dance
(C) The importance of storytelling
(D) The variety of early religious activities.

2. The word "they" in line 4 refers to
(A) seasonal changes
(B) natural forces
(C) theories
(D) human beings

3. What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph?
(A) The reason drams is often unpredictable
(B) The seasons in which dramas were performed
(C) The connection between myths and dramatic plots
(D) The importance of costumes in early drama

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common element of theater and ritual?
(A) Dance
(B) Costumes
(C) Music
(D) Magic

5. The word "considerable" in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) thoughtful
(B) substantial
(C) relational
(D) ceremonial

6. The word "enactment" in line 12 is closest in meaning to
(A) establishment
(B) performance
(C) authorization
(D) season

7. The word "they" in line 13 refers to
(A) mistakes
(B) costumes
(C) animals
(D) performers

8. According to the passage, what is the main difference between ritual and drama?
(A) Ritual uses music whereas drama does not.
(B) Ritual is shorter than drama.
(C) Ritual requires fewer performers than drama.
(D) Ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not.

9. The passage supports which of the following statements?
(A) No one really knows how the theater began
(B) Myths are no longer represented dramatically.
(C) Storytelling is an important part of dance
(D) Dramatic activities require the use of costumes.

10. Where in the passage does the author discuss the separation of the stage and the audience?
(A) Lines 6-7
(B) Lines 9-11
(C) Lines 14-15
(D) Lines 16-18

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