Adverbs副词.ppt

AdverbsOutlinen n1.1.副词的构成副词的构成n n2.2.副词的分类副词的分类n n3.3.副词的功能副词的功能n n4.4.副词的位置副词的位置n n5.5.副词的排列顺序副词的排列顺序n n6.6.副词的比较等级副词的比较等级n n7.7.易混淆副词易混淆副词n n8.8.练习题练习题n n9.Homework9.Homework副词的构成副词的构成n n一、大部分副词由相应的形容词加后缀 -ly构成，但注意有变化：happyhappily subtlesubtly truetruly looseloosely democraticdemocratically publicpublicly dulldully 副词的构成副词的构成n n二、有些副词是由介词或地点名词加后缀“-ward（s）”构成的，意为“向”，例如：forward(s),downward(s),northward(s),leftward(s),onward(s),sunward(s),inward(s)副词的构成副词的构成n n三、某些以名词+-ly构成的词和其他结构的词，既可作副词，也可作形容词。例如：hourly,weekly,yearly,leisurely daily paper vs.publish daily quarterly review vs.meet quarterly副词的构成副词的构成n n四、有些副词是由名词加后缀“-wise”构 成的，表示位置、方向、状态、有关等意义。例如：sidewise clockwise crabwise coastwise副词的构成副词的构成n n五、有些副词是加a-/here-/there-/where-构成。例如：away ashore afoot afar herein hereby thereafter whereon whereby副词的分类副词的分类（参考课本第（参考课本第（参考课本第（参考课本第405418405418页页页页）1.1.时间副词：now,lately,so far2.2.地点副词:here,there,out3.3.方式副词:hard,well,fast,slowly4.4.程度副词:very,quite,almost,badly5.5.频率副词:usually,constantly,rarely6.6.疑问副词:how,where,when,why7.7.连接副词:however,therefore,why8.8.关系副词:where,when,why9.9.句子副词:anyway,naturally,please副词的分类副词的分类1.1.Downing Street has Downing Street has soso farfar refused to comment on these refused to comment on these reports.reports.2.2.The reports she was getting were The reports she was getting were highlyhighly satisfactory.satisfactory.3.3.Ill never forget his surprise Ill never forget his surprise whenwhen we told him.we told him.4.4.She is She is constantlyconstantly changing her mind.changing her mind.时间副词时间副词程度副词程度副词连接副词连接副词频率副词频率副词副词的分类副词的分类1.1.The weather was cold.The weather was cold.Therefore(Thus),Therefore(Thus),we stayed we stayed home.home.2.2.ThatThat s s whywhy I cried.I cried.3.3.But my pride,But my pride,unfortunatelyunfortunately,was the kind that goes,was the kind that goes before a fall.before a fall.连接副词连接副词连接副词连接副词句子副词句子副词副词的功能副词的功能n n1.1.作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词（短语）、限定词作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词（短语）、限定词（代词或副词）或整个句子。（代词或副词）或整个句子。They They completelycompletely ignored my views.ignored my views.He feels He feels kind ofkind of tired.tired.He drives He drives extremelyextremely carefully.carefully.She failed She failed entirelyentirely through her own fault.through her own fault.We need We need approximatelyapproximately five students here.five students here.HopefullyHopefully we can get this done before dark.we can get this done before dark.修饰动词修饰动词修饰形容词修饰形容词修饰副词修饰副词修饰介词修饰介词修饰句子修饰句子修饰数词修饰数词副词的功能副词的功能n n2.He was 2.He was upup late last night.late last night.One of the tyres is One of the tyres is downdown.n n 作表语，说明主语的状态或特征。作表语，说明主语的状态或特征。n n3.The buildings 3.The buildings aroundaround are of modern style.are of modern style.OnlyOnly she could comeshe could come.n n作定语，常放在名词之后，代词之前。作定语，常放在名词之后，代词之前。副词的功能副词的功能n nYou can leave the goods anywhere but here.(介词宾语)n nIt was a quiet night,with the moon high up in the sky.(宾语补足语)n nI went to her room only to find her out.n nI didnt know her until quite recently.副词的位置副词的位置 频率副词频率副词n n1.I often see her walk in the park.n nYou should constantly review your lessons.n nConclusion:频率副词置于行为动词之前，系动词、情态动词及助动词之后。副词的位置副词的位置 程度副词程度副词n nI can I can hardlyhardly believe what he said.believe what he said.n nHe He nearlynearly got run over by a car.got run over by a car.n nIt is It is dreadfullydreadfully cold that day.cold that day.n n程度副词置于行为动词及其它所修饰词之前，系动词、程度副词置于行为动词及其它所修饰词之前，系动词、情态动词及助动词之后。情态动词及助动词之后。n nExercises and difficult points:Exercises and difficult points:n nI I quitequite dont understand him.dont understand him.n nI dont I dont quitequite understand him.understand him.我完全不了解他。我完全不了解他。我不十分了解他我不十分了解他副词的位置副词的位置 方式副词方式副词n n方式副词一般放在动词后，但要注意在SVO句型中，若宾语较长，常把副词置于动词之前，以免造成歧义。例如：n nThey secretly decided to leave the town.n nThey decided to leave the town secretly.副词的位置副词的位置 地点副词和时间副词地点副词和时间副词n n地点和时间副词通常置于句首或句尾，几个地点状语连用时，大地方放在最后。n nShe was always sitting by the statue at the center of the park in the city.副词的排列次序副词的排列次序n n1.1.地点副词地点副词时间副词时间副词 方式副词方式副词时间副词时间副词 方式副词方式副词地点副词地点副词时间副词时间副词 （有时，时间副词亦可放在句首）（有时，时间副词亦可放在句首）e.g.She sang e.g.She sang beautifullybeautifully in the hallin the hall last Fridaylast Friday.方式方式 地点地点 时间时间 副词的排列顺序副词的排列顺序n n2.具体的笼统的n n 小的大的I saw the program I saw the program at ten oclockat ten oclock yesterday eveningyesterday evening.确切时间确切时间 具体时间具体时间They ate They ate in a Chinese restaurantin a Chinese restaurant in Londonin London.小地点小地点 大地点大地点 但：但：We heard it We heard it last nightlast night,at about 11 oclockat about 11 oclock.(.(补充补充)副词的排列次序副词的排列次序练习题练习题1n nA:_A:_.n nB:So did I.B:So did I.n n A.I saw her last Sunday at the party A.I saw her last Sunday at the partyn n B.I saw her at the party last Sunday B.I saw her at the party last Sundayn n C.At the party I saw her last Sunday C.At the party I saw her last Sundayn n D.At the party last Sunday I saw her D.At the party last Sunday I saw herB副词的排列顺序副词的排列顺序 练习题练习题2n nAfter the funeral,the residents of the apartment building _.n nA:sent faithfully flowers each week to the cemetery.A:sent faithfully flowers each week to the cemetery.n nB:sent to the cemetery each week flowers faithfully.B:sent to the cemetery each week flowers faithfully.n nC:sent flowers faithfully to the cemetery each week.C:sent flowers faithfully to the cemetery each week.n nD:sent each week faithfully to the cemetery flowers.D:sent each week faithfully to the cemetery flowers.C副词的比较等级构成副词的比较等级构成n n单音节和个别双音节副词通过加后单音节和个别双音节副词通过加后-er-er，-est-est 构成比较级和最高级。构成比较级和最高级。high higher highesthigh higher highestfast faster fastestfast faster fastestn n绝大多数副词借助绝大多数副词借助more more，most most 构成比较级和最高级构成比较级和最高级clearly more clearly most clearlyclearly more clearly most clearlyeasily more easily most easilyeasily more easily most easilyslowly more slowly most slowlyslowly more slowly most slowly 副词的比较等级构成副词的比较等级构成n n少数副词的比较等级的变化是不规则的少数副词的比较等级的变化是不规则的n nfar far（远）（远）n nfarther farther 较远较远 farthest(farthest(最远的）最远的）further further（进一步）（进一步）furthest furthest（最远的）（最远的）n n late late（迟）（迟）later later（较迟）（较迟）latest latest 最近（时间）最近（时间）latter latter（后者）（后者）last last 最近（顺序）最近（顺序）副词的原级句型副词的原级句型n nA+A+动词（实义动词）动词（实义动词）+as+as+副词的原级副词的原级+as B.+as B.n nShe loves the school She loves the school as much asas much as her own home.her own home.I cant speak I cant speak so so（as as）fast asfast as you.you.n n注意：注意：asasasas结构后要直接跟表示时间、距离等的名词结构后要直接跟表示时间、距离等的名词 ，不可加入介词。，不可加入介词。例如：例如：The poem was written as early as in the 15th century.The poem was written as early as in the 15th century.误误误误The poem was written as early as the 15th century.The poem was written as early as the 15th century.正正正正副词的比较级句型副词的比较级句型n n1.A+1.A+动词（实义动词）动词（实义动词）+副词的比较级副词的比较级+than+B.+than+B.n nI got up I got up earlier than my motherearlier than my mother this morning.this morning.She drives She drives more carefully than her husbandmore carefully than her husband.n n2.2.在下面句子中的在下面句子中的thanthan可以看作关系代词，有时相当于可以看作关系代词，有时相当于than whatthan what。n nHe meant He meant more thanmore than was saidwas said.n nThe medicine is The medicine is more effectivemore effective thanthan is expectedis expected.n nTranslation:Translation:n n他现在拥有的房子比以前的更好。他现在拥有的房子比以前的更好。He has now a better house than(what)belonged to him before.副词的最高级句型副词的最高级句型n nA+A+动词（实义动词）动词（实义动词）+（the the）副词的最高级）副词的最高级+of+of（in in）注意：注意：副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词the the，所有副词最，所有副词最高级前面的高级前面的the the 都可以省略。都可以省略。n nTom can run Tom can run（the the）fastest in my school.fastest in my school.She can dance She can dance（the the）best of all.best of all.好。好。I jumped I jumped（the the）farthest in my class.farthest in my class.2)alternately,alternatively2)alternately,alternatively alternately alternately指两者交替或轮流；指两者交替或轮流；alternativelyalternatively指两者或两者以上中选择其一。指两者或两者以上中选择其一。The manager is _ kind and severe.The manager is _ kind and severe.You may _ say lighted or lit or alight.You may _ say lighted or lit or alight.alternatelyalternativelyExercises n n1.I arrived at the airport so late that I _ missed 1.I arrived at the airport so late that I _ missed the plane.the plane.A.only A.only B.quite B.quite C.narrowly C.narrowly D.seldom D.seldomn n2.Mary is _ than Alice.2.Mary is _ than Alice.n nA.more experienced a teacherA.more experienced a teachern nB.a more experienced teacherB.a more experienced teachern nC.more an experienced teacherC.more an experienced teachern nD.more experienced teacherD.more experienced teacherCBn n3.She remembered several occasions in the past _ she had experienced a similar feeling.n nA.whichB.beforen nC.that D.whenn n4.It is not so much the language _ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.n nA.butB.nor C.asD.like DCn n5.There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than _ in the public mind today.n nA.existsB.existn nC.existing D.to existn n6.The experiment requires more money than _.n nA.have been put inB.being put inn nC.has been put in D.to be put inACn n5.The veterans spent a year 5.The veterans spent a year in the hospital;in the hospital;n n A An n consequentlyconsequently they they emergedemerged well entirely.well entirely.n n B C D B C DDDBAAABBACDCBBACA.no less B.no more C.not less D.no soA.no less B.no more C.not less D.no so18.She remembered several occasions in the past18.She remembered several occasions in the past she had experienced a similar feeling.she had experienced a similar feeling.A.Which B.before C.that D.whenA.Which B.before C.that D.when19.Language belongs to each member of the society,to the 19.Language belongs to each member of the society,to the cleanercleaner to the professor.to the professor.A.as far as B.the same asA.as far as B.the same asC.as much as D.as long asC.as much as D.as long as26.Do you know Tims brother?He is26.Do you know Tims brother?He is than Tim.than Tim.A.much more sportsmanA.much more sportsmanB.more of a sportsmanB.more of a sportsmanC.more of sportsmanC.more of sportsmanD.more a sportsmanD.more a sportsmanDCBCACHomeworkn nDo the exercises on the reference book